{"id":962,"date":"2025-10-07T08:47:34","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T00:47:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=962"},"modified":"2025-10-07T08:47:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T00:47:34","slug":"%e4%bb%8a%e6%97%a5%e7%9a%84%e8%8b%b1%e5%9b%bd%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6british-institutions-of-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=962","title":{"rendered":"\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6British Institutions of Today"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">0052 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6<\/strong><\/u><\/span><span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>British Institutions of Today<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00006-4-665x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"986\" class=\"size-large wp-image-963\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00006-4-665x1024.jpg 665w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00006-4-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00006-4-768x1182.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00006-4-998x1536.jpg 998w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00006-4.jpg 1265w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66<\/span><span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\u8d28<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6cd5\u6cbb<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u968f\u540e\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ece\u6295\u7968\u6743\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u548c\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8fd8\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5185\u9601\u548c\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u804c\u6743<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53ca\u5176\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u627f\u8bfa<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">D.Phil. KINGSTON DERRY \u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6\u300b\uff08<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">BRITISH INSTITUTIONS OF TO-DAY<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u6700\u521d\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1937 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1947 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u53d1\u884c\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4fee\u8ba2\u548c\u6269\u5145\u7684\u65b0\u7248<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65b0\u8d8b\u52bf<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">New Trends in Government<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u6218\u540e\u5c40\u52bf\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e00\u3001 \u521b\u4f5c\u76ee\u7684\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u5145\u5f53\u4e00\u672c\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\uff08Citizenship\uff09\u8bfb\u7269\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u516d\uff08Sixth Form\uff09\u5b66\u751f\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u96c6\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u5e0c\u671b\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5baa\u6cd5\u8868\u9762\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u5baa\u6cd5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5173\u6ce8\u516c\u6c11\u4eca\u65e5\u548c\u660e\u65e5\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56fd\u738b\u4e0e\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u201c\u6743\u529b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65b0\u4e13\u5236\u201d\uff08New Despotism\uff09\u662f\u5426\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u5b98\u5458\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u672c\u4e66\u529b\u6c42\u5ba2\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u82f1\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u89c1\u8bc1\u5176\u5411\u201c\u6c38\u6052\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u201d\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e8c\u3001 \u6db5\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u67b6\u6784<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u515a\u6d3e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5973\u6027\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u516c\u5171\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u77f3\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapters<br \/>\nI\u2013V<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7eea\u8bba\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapter I<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u4eba\u6c11<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">A<br \/>\n     Conservative People<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">A Free Country<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e60\u6027\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u5728\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6cd5\u6cbb<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Rule of<br \/>\n     Law<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u53ef\u88ab\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6295\u7968\u6743\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapters II &amp; III<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u81ea<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1832 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9009\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u6295\u7968\u6743<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Voter and His Vote<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u76f4\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1928 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u4eab\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u666e\u9009\u6743\u3002\u968f\u540e\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e24\u9662<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Houses of Parliament<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">House of Commons<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5728\u63a7\u5236<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u516c\u5171\u94b1\u888b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Control of the Public Purse<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff08\u5305\u62ec<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9884\u7b97<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u62e8\u6b3e\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7acb\u6cd5<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Legislation<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5185\u9601\u4e0e\u541b\u4e3b\uff08<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapters IV &amp; V<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u201c\u5185\u9601\u201d\uff08The Cabinet\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u987e\u95ee\u56e2\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u515a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5185\u9601\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u201c\u9996\u76f8\u201d\uff08The Prime Minister\uff09\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u9601\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u81e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u541b\u4e3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u552f\u4e00\u7ebd\u5e26\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u800c\u201c\u56fd\u738b\u201d\uff08The King\uff09\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u201c\u529d\u544a\u548c\u529d\u963b\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u6325\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">2. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u884c\u653f\u4e0e\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapters<br \/>\nVI &amp; VII<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6cd5\u9662\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapter VI<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u6cd5\u9662<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The<br \/>\n     King&#8217;s Courts<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u56fd\u738b\u4eb2\u81ea\u5ba1\u5224\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u5de1\u56de\u5ba1\u5224\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">common<br \/>\n     law<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e0e\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Equity<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u878d\u5408\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8b66\u793a\u4e86\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u6743\u529b\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b98\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u6388\u6743\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u5df2\u6545\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98 Hewart \u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u4e13\u5236\u201d\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b98\u5458\u4e0e\u8d22\u653f\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapter VII<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5b98\u5458<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The<br \/>\n     King\u2019s Officers<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Army, Navy, Air Force<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<br \/>\n     \u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Civil Service<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002\u6587\u5b98\u4e0d\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u515a\u6d3e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65e0\u4ef7\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u652f\u4ed8\u8d39\u7528\u201d\uff08Paying For It\uff09\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7a0e\uff08\u5982\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\uff09\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u7a0e\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7a0e\u6536\u6b63\u4ee5\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u201d\uff08Social Services\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u9988\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">3. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5730\u65b9\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapters<br \/>\nVIII\u2013XIII<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapters VIII\u2013X<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u53bf\u90e1\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">county<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c\u5e02\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">borough<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7b49\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Local Councils<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u3001\u6d4e\u8d2b\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\u4e13\u95e8\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u201c\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\uff08The Government of<br \/>\n     London\uff09\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4f26\u6566\u90e1\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08L.C.C.\uff09\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u5e02\uff08City of London\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u6b8a\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5973\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapter XI<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u56de\u987e\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5973\u6027\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The<br \/>\n     Public Work of Women<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\u4e89\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5229\u548c\u53c2\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u5165\u5730\u65b9\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5fd7\u613f\u6148\u5584\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapters XII &amp; XIII<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u805a\u7126<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The<br \/>\n     British Commonwealth and Empire<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1931 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u300a\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u6cd5\u89c4\u300b\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Dominions<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5730\u4f4d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u541b\u4e3b\u5728\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u534f\u8c03\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Concert<br \/>\n     of Europe<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">League of Nations<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">United<br \/>\n     Nations Organization, U.N.O.<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u3001\u539f\u5219\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982\u5b89\u5168\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u548c\u6258\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">4. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6218\u540e\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u8d23\u4efb\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapters<br \/>\nXIV &amp; XV<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u653f\u5e9c\u65b0\u8d8b\u52bf\uff08<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapter XIV<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86 1947 \u5e74\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002\u5b83\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6218\u65f6\u5185\u9601\uff08War Cabinet\uff09\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7 \u548c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212\uff08Statutory Plan\uff09\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u4e1a\u673a\u6784\uff08Public Utilities\uff09\uff08\u5982 B.B.C. \u548c Central Electricity<br \/>\n     Board\uff09\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u56fd\u6709\u5316\uff08Nationalization\uff09\uff08\u5982\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u7164\u77ff\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff08The Social Service<br \/>\n     State\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ee5\u300a\u8d1d\u5f17\u91cc\u5947\u8ba1\u5212\u300b\uff08Beveridge Plan\uff09\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u5065\u5eb7\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5168\u6c11\u4fdd\u9669\u7684\u63d0\u6848\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5408\u4f5c\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chapter XV<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5408\u4f5c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Co-operation<br \/>\n     with the State<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u613f\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e73\u7a33\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u83b7\u53d6\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u5fd7\u613f\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u5949\u884c\u5bf9\u7acb\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u5bb9\u5fcd\u201d\uff08Toleration\uff09\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1XeqIOJ06TTSfifuF3gW6pwsZbmHHH4ZV\/preview\" width=\"800\" height=\"1080\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e660052 &nbsp; \u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6British Institutions of Today &#038; 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