{"id":959,"date":"2025-10-07T08:41:59","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T00:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=959"},"modified":"2025-10-07T08:41:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T00:41:59","slug":"%e4%b8%8d%e5%88%97%e9%a2%a0%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%8d%e5%88%97%e9%a2%a0%e4%ba%ba%e6%b0%91britain-and-british-peopie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=959","title":{"rendered":"\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4eba\u6c11Britain and British PeopIe"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><\/span>0051 <\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4eba\u6c11<\/strong><\/u><\/span>Britain and British PeopIe<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e <\/span>1942<\/span><\/strong>\u5e74<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e66\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4eba\u6c11\u300b\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u7fa4<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5730\u7406\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6784\u6210\u548c\u5730\u533a\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c<\/span>\u653f\u5e9c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u3001\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\uff0c<\/span>\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u5b66\u548c\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u793e\u533a\u5bf9\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5173\u6000<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u548c<\/span>\u6df7\u5408\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span>\u59a5\u534f<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u8fde\u7eed\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u7684<\/span>\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u7edf\u4e00<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4eba\u6c11\u300b\uff08<\/span>BRITAIN AND THE
\nBRITISH PEOPLE<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u7531\u6b27\u5185\u65af\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5df4\u514b\u7235\u58eb\uff08<\/span>SIR
\nERNEST BARKER<\/span>\uff09\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff08<\/span>OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS<\/span>\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u4e8e1942\u5e74\u521d\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff081942\u5e74\u81f31945\u5e74\uff09\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u5370\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\uff08\u6216\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e8b\u52a1\u201d\uff08’The matter of Britain’\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u9192\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u6216\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u4e66\u53ea\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u5168\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5851\u9020\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u548c\u5185\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8981<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u793e\u7fa4<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u5f00\u7bc7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u7684\u5730\u7406\u9762\u8c8c\u548c\u793e\u7fa4\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5c0f\u5de7\u73b2\u73d1\u201d\u4e14\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5730\u8d28\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u201c\u4e07\u82b1\u7b52\u201d\uff08mosaic\uff09\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u7531\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4eba\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4eba\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u4eba\u548c\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u65af\u7279\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6865\u6881\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\u65cf\u548c\u7f57\u66fc\u8bed\u65cf\uff08\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u6e90\uff09\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u9636\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u540c\u8d28\u6027\uff08social homogeneity\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5de5\u4e1a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u793e\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u7ed3\uff08social solidarity\uff09\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u6b67\uff08class-war\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8d22\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5747\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u7406\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u793e\u4f1a\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\u7559\u7ed9<\/span>\u81ea\u613f\u7ed3\u793e<\/span><\/b>\uff08voluntary associations\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Society\uff09\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7531\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff08State\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\uff08State action\uff09\u6709\u6240\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u613f\u884c\u52a8\u5e76\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\uff08dyarchy \u6216 condominium\uff09\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6743\uff08<\/span>Sovereignty of
\nParliament<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff08<\/span>Rule of Law<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\uff09\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u653f\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u3002\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5219\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u53d7\u5230\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u514d\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u6c11\u6216\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u80c1\u8feb\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e66\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5185\u9601\uff08Cabinet\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u603b\u7406\uff08Prime Minister\uff09\u5219\u662f\u5185\u9601\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6700\u7ec8\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u5185\u9601\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba8\u8bba\uff08discussion\uff09\u548c\u534f\u5546\uff08parley\uff09\uff0c\u800c<\/span>\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a<\/span><\/b>\uff08Opposition\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5185\u9601\u201d\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u591a\u6570\u4e0e\u5c11\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u81f3\u4e8e\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u65e8\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u6cbb\u7eb2\u9886\u3001\u5411\u9009\u6c11\u63a8\u9009\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u9601\u5b9e\u65bd\u7eb2\u9886\u7684<\/span>\u81ea\u613f\u7ed3\u793e<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\uff08Conservative party\uff09\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\u662f<\/span>\u56e2\u7ed3<\/span><\/b>\uff08unity\/fraternity\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u515a\uff08Liberal party\uff09\u5219\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ee3\u8868\u7740<\/span>\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5c06\u5176\u8303\u56f4\u6269\u5927\u5230\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u5de5\u515a\uff08Labour party\uff09\u867d\u7136\u5e74\u8f7b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u5bf9<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u6216\u738b\u6743\uff08Crown\uff09\u6e17\u900f\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u884c\u653f\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6e90\u5934\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u662f\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u8fde\u7eed\u4efb\u804c\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5411\u5927\u81e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u9f13\u52b1\u6216\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u884c\u653f\u6216\u6587\u804c\u670d\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Administration or Civil Service\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u8003\u8bd5\u62db\u52df\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u62db\u52df\u5177\u5907\u666e\u904d\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u6587\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u606a\u5b88\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u5b88\u5219\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u91cd\u89c6\u6d77\u519b\u30021939\u5e74\uff0c\u5373\u4e8c\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684<\/span>\u666e\u904d\u5175\u5f79\u5236<\/span><\/b>\uff08universal service\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\uff08<\/span>Local Government<\/span>\uff09\u540c\u6837\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5730\u65b9\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982\u90e1\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\uff09\u884c\u4f7f\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u6d3b\u529b\u8fdc\u8d85\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u5168\u7403\u4e24\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u7cfb\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\uff08<\/span><\/b>English Law<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6cd5\u5b98\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff08<\/span><\/b>judge-made law<\/span><\/b>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\uff08Statute
\nlaw\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6cd5\u5f8b\u754c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4eab\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5f8b\u5e08\uff08Barristers\uff09\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7ec4\u6210\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u56e2\u4f53\uff08Inns of
\nCourt\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span>\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98<\/span><\/b>\uff08Lord High Chancellor\uff09\u96c6\u53f8\u6cd5\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u4e8e\u4e00\u8eab\uff0c\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u9996\u8111\u548c\u5185\u9601\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u5305\u542b\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u592a\u5e73\u7ec5\u58eb\uff08<\/span>Justices of
\nthe Peace<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\uff08<\/span>Jury<\/span>\uff09\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eba\u8eab\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ee4<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Habeas Corpus<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c0a\u91cd\u5acc\u7591\u72af\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u4e14\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u5211\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c11\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u6602\u8d35\u548c\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08Equity\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u6838\u5fc3<\/span>\u4fe1\u6258\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08Law of Trust\uff09\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u7ed3\u793e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u66f4\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u6258\u201d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u5e7f\u81f3\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u7684\u6258\u7ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u89e3\u5f00\u82f1\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u201c\u94a5\u5319\u201d\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6559\uff08Church of England\uff09\u81ea1533\u5e74\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8bd5\u56fe\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8303\u56f4\u4e00\u81f4\u7684<\/span>\u56fd\u6559<\/span><\/b>\uff08State-Church\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4ecb\u4e8e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u65b0\u6559\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def\u201d\uff08midway position\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6e05\u6559\u5f92<\/span>\/<\/span>\u4e0d\u4ece\u56fd\u6559\u8005\uff08<\/span>Nonconformity<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6559\u4f1a\u5e94\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u201d\uff08free church\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u4ece\u56fd\u6559\u8005\u57281662\u5e74\u540e\u957f\u671f\u53d7\u5230\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5b97\uff08Wesleyanism\/Methodism\uff09\u7b49\u8fd0\u52a8\u529b\u91cf\u5927\u589e\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a<\/span>\u4e24\u5927\u65b0\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6559\u548c\u4e0d\u4ece\u56fd\u6559\u8005\uff09\u529b\u91cf\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u5f53<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u4e00\u81f4\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u5206\u6b67\u201d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u8fa9\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u515a\u6d3e\uff08\u8f89\u683c\u515a\/\u4e0d\u4ece\u56fd\u6559\u8005 vs. \u6258\u5229\u515a\/\u56fd\u6559\u5f92\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u7cbe\u795e\u4e8b\u52a1<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ece\u9876\u5c42\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\uff08\u725b\u6d25\u548c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u5411\u4e2d\u5c42\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u666e\u53ca\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u6743\u529b\u5206\u5272\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u613f\u673a\u6784\uff08voluntary agency\uff09\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\uff08State authority\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u516c\u5b66\uff08public schools\uff0c\u5373\u79c1\u7acb\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u8f68\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u6b63\u5728\u62d3\u5bbd\u8fdb\u5165\u8001\u724c\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\uff08liberty of the citizen\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad<\/span><\/b>\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u81ea1695\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u4eab\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5e7f\u64ad\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\uff08BBC\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u7279\u8bb8\u6210\u7acb\u7684<\/span>\u516c\u8425\u516c\u53f8<\/span><\/b>\uff08public corporation\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u5546\u4e1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u5eb8\u4e4b\u9053\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728<\/span>\u827a\u672f<\/span><\/b>\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u5171\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u7f8e\u611f\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f53\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08Sport\uff09\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e8b\u52a1\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u534a\u7f8e\u5b66\u548c\u534a\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4f53\u80b2\u7cbe\u795e\u662f<\/span>\u81ea\u613f\u670d\u4ece\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/b>\uff08’the rule of the game’\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u81ea\u5f8b\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7cbe\u795e\u76f8\u901a\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u793e\u7fa4\u5bf9\u5176\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5173\u6000<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u6df7\u5408\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>mixed
\neconomy<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5171\u6cd5\u4eba\u56e2\u4f53\uff08<\/span>public corporation<\/span>\uff09\u8fd0\u8425\u5927\u578b\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff08\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u7535\u529b\u5c40\u3001\u4f26\u6566\u5ba2\u8fd0\u4ea4\u901a\u5c40\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u7a0e\u6536\u548c\u652f\u51fa\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff1a1937\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6536\u603b\u989d\u63a5\u8fd1\u56fd\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u7684\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u7a0e\uff08\u5982\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u548c\u9644\u52a0\u7a0e\uff09\u91c7\u7528<\/span>\u7d2f\u8fdb<\/span><\/b>\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u516c\u5171\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Public Social Services<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u603b\u652f\u51fa\u4ece<\/span>1901<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<\/span>3600<\/span>\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u6fc0\u589e\u5230<\/span>1937<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<\/span>4.55<\/span>\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u6b63<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u653f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>New National Deal<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u5fc3\u667a\uff08<\/span><\/b>Mind<\/span><\/b>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u8eab\u4f53\uff08<\/span><\/b>Body<\/span><\/b>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u5065\u5eb7\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u6821\u533b\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u4ea7\u524d\u62a4\u7406\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\uff09\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u9669\uff08\u8986\u76d6\u7ea62000\u4e07\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4f\u623f\u670d\u52a1\uff081920\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u8865\u8d34\u548c\u65e0\u8865\u8d34\u7684\u65b0\u5efa\u623f\u5c4b\u5360\u73b0\u6709\u4f4f\u623f\u603b\u6570\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u751f\u8ba1\uff08<\/span>Estate<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u65e8\u5728\u6539\u5584\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u5171\u63f4\u52a9\uff08<\/span>public assistance<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u6551\u6d4e\uff09\uff0c<\/span>\u5931\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>unemployment service<\/span>\uff0c\u542b\u5931\u4e1a\u4fdd\u9669\u548c\u5931\u4e1a\u6551\u6d4e\u91d1\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u517b\u8001\u91d1\uff08\u5206\u4e3a\u975e\u7f34\u8d39\u578b\u548c\u7f34\u8d39\u578b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u9057\u5b40\u548c\u5b64\u513f\u629a\u6064\u91d1\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5df4\u514b\u7235\u58eb\u7684\u300a\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4eba\u6c11\u300b\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e73\u8861<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>balance<\/span>\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u59a5\u534f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>compromise<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u8fde\u7eed\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>continuity<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82f1\u56fd\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u7406\u6027\u3001\u7565\u663e\u7b28\u62d9\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u5982\u56fd\u6559\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9<\/span>\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u81ea\u613f\u884c\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c11\u4e3b\uff09\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u8fdb\u6b65\u201d\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e320\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5168\u7403\u51b2\u7a81\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u90e8\u6539\u9769\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t