{"id":910,"date":"2025-10-06T18:21:28","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T10:21:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=910"},"modified":"2025-10-06T18:21:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T10:21:28","slug":"%e6%9d%83%e5%a8%81%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba-authority-and-the-individual","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=910","title":{"rendered":"\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba Authority and the Individual"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0047 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAuthority
\nand the Individual<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \"\"<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f2f\u7279\u5170<\/span><\/strong>\u00b7<\/span><\/strong>\u7f57\u7d20<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u662f<\/span>1948-1949<\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u7684\u745e\u65af\u8bb2\u5ea7<\/span><\/strong>\u7cfb\u5217\u5e7f\u64ad\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6c47\u7f16\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0e<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6269\u5927\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u65e8\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u9700\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fdb\u6b65\u6240\u9700\u7684<\/span>\u5192\u9669\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u793e\u4f1a\u8d70\u5411\u50f5\u5316\u548c\u505c\u6ede\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fd8\u9644\u5e26\u4e86\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u5e26\u6765\u7684<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743<\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u300b\uff08<\/span>AUTHORITY AND THE
\nINDIVIDUAL<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u8457\u540d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f2f\u7279\u5170<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7f57\u7d20\uff08<\/span>Bertrand
\nRussell<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f57\u7d20\u5728<\/span>1948<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1949<\/span>\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\uff08<\/span>BBC<\/span>\uff09\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u5e7f\u64ad\u7cfb\u5217\u8bb2\u5ea7<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u91cc\u65af\u8bb2\u5ea7<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>The Reith Lectures<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u8bb2\u5ea7\u4e8e1947\u5e747\u6708\u7531BBC\u603b\u88c1\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u54c8\u5229\u7235\u58eb\u5ba3\u5e03\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u9080\u8bf7\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u516c\u8ba4\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u5c31\u67d0\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u8fdb\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e76\u6fc0\u53d1\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684<\/span>\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/b>\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u8fdb\u6b65\u6240\u9700\u7684<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e0e\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u9700\u7684<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff1f\u201d\u3002\u5168\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u4e3a\u516d\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4eba\u6027\u3001\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bb2\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u4e0e\u4eba\u6027\uff08<\/span>Social Cohesion
\nand Human Nature<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u9996\u5148\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u5408\u4f5c\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u51b2\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u90e8\u843d\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u548c\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u654c\u610f\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u80fd\u673a\u5236\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u654c\u4eba\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5371\u9669\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u76f8\u4e92\u618e\u6068\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8682\u8681\u548c\u871c\u8702\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5408\u4f5c\u662f\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u7cbe\u786e\u548c\u9759\u6b62\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u201c\u6df7\u4e71\u201d\uff08turbulence\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u5316\u505c\u6ede\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u51f6\u6b8b\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u840e\u9761\u4e0d\u632f\u201d\uff08listlessness\uff09\u6216\u201c\u7834\u574f\u6027\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u5230\u65e0\u5bb3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f53\u80b2\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u6216\u827a\u672f\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bb2\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\uff08<\/span>Social Cohesion
\nand Government<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u5f81\u670d\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u9010\u6e10\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u90e8\u843d\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5c3c\u5c3c\u5fae\u3001\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u548c\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff08\u5982\u5965\u5c14\u83f2\u65af\u793e\u533a\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff09\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u5730\u57df\u6216\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5fe0\u8bda\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982\u84b8\u6c7d\u3001\u7535\u62a5\u3001\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\uff09\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5927\u578b\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u96c6\u6743\u503e\u5411\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5371\u9669\uff1a\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u50cf\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u672b\u671f\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u201c\u840e\u9761\u4e0d\u632f\u548c\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u53d8\u5f97\u65e5\u76ca\u9065\u8fdc\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u65e0\u529b\u611f\u201d\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u8bb2\uff1a\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff08<\/span>The Role of
\nIndividuality<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u8bb2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u63a2\u8ba8<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u5bf9\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u827a\u672f\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u8fd8\u662f\u667a\u6167\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u58a8\u5b88\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u827a\u672f\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u548c\u96c6\u6743\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6781\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u9053\u5fb7\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f20\u64ad\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u8fdb\u6b65\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5927\u578b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u8d56\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u5bcc\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u751f\u6d3b\u53d8\u5f97\u5355\u8c03\u4e4f\u5473\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u8bb2\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff08<\/span>The Conflict of
\nTechnique and Human Nature<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u8bb2\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u4eba\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u9065\u8fdc\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5728\u51b2\u52a8\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u91cc\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5236\u9020\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8d5a\u53d6\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u6216\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6062\u590d\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u5c0a\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5de5\u5934\u548c\u7ecf\u7406\u5e94\u7531\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5e\u9009\u4e3e\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5458\u5de5\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u89c6\u4e3a\u9065\u8fdc\u4e14\u5145\u6ee1\u654c\u610f\u7684\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201d\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u8bb2\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\uff1a\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff08<\/span>Control and
\nInitiative: their Respective Spheres<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/span>\u5b89\u5168<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u6b63\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u4fdd\u62a4<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u5b89\u5168\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u547d\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u62b5\u6297\u5916\u90e8\u653b\u51fb\uff08\u6700\u7ec8\u9700\u8981\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u969c\uff08\u5982\u5931\u4e1a\u4fdd\u9669\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u969c\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u6b63\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u8d2b\u7a77\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u4fdd\u62a4\uff08<\/span><\/b>Conservation<\/span><\/b>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u672a\u6765\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u804c\u80fd\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u5b9e\u884c<\/span>\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5c06\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5404\u79cd\u5730\u7406\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b83\u4eec\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5\u6fc0\u53d1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u53bb\u5f71\u54cd\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u521b\u9020\u6027\u51b2\u52a8\uff08\u5982\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u827a\u672f\uff09\u5e94\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u8bb2\uff1a\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4f26\u7406\uff08<\/span>Individual and
    \nSocial Ethics<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u6b65\u9700\u8981\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d\uff1a<\/span>\u516c\u6c11\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7ef4\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\uff09\u4e0e<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff09\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u201d\u6216\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u795e\u5316\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u795e\u5316\u5c11\u6570\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4eba\u58eb\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4ed6\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u76ee\u7684\u201d\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u3001\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u521b\u9020\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u4f53\u9a8c\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u7231\u3001\u53cb\u8c0a\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u559c\u60a6\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u6700\u540e\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e92\u76f8\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff08\u5982\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u538b\u8feb\u3001\u66b4\u884c\uff09\u5e76\u672a\u76f8\u5e94\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u6167\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6446\u8131\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u6761\uff08\u5982\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u6e20\u9053\uff08\u5982\u7ade\u8d5b\u3001\u5192\u9669\u3001\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u521b\u9020\uff09\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u4eec\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u3001\u66f4\u5149\u8363\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u6700\u5927\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u5916\u90e8\u81ea\u7136\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u5b66\u4f1a\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5185\u5728\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t