{"id":753,"date":"2025-10-05T16:53:31","date_gmt":"2025-10-05T08:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=753"},"modified":"2025-10-05T16:53:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-05T08:53:31","slug":"%e5%8f%a4%e4%bb%a3%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e4%b8%8e%e4%bb%8a%e6%97%a5-ancient-education-and-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=753","title":{"rendered":"\u53e4\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u4eca\u65e5  Ancient Education and Today"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">0043 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>\u53e4\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u4eca\u65e5<\/strong><\/u><\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>Ancient<br \/>\nEducation and Today<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-13-622x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"622\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-large wp-image-754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-13-622x1024.jpg 622w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-13-182x300.jpg 182w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-13-768x1263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-13-934x1536.jpg 934w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-13.jpg 1037w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">E. B. Castle<\/span><span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u4eca\u65e5\u300b\uff0c<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u548c\u53e4\u72b9\u592a\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u76f8\u5173\u6027<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5176\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0e<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u96c5\u5178\u66f4\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u3001\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u667a\u8005\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u548c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5173\u4e8e\u7406\u60f3\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5851\u9020\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u8003<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8f6c\u5411<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65e9\u671f\u7f57\u9a6c\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u548c\u54c1\u5fb7\u57f9\u517b<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u540e<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53d7\u5e0c\u814a\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u8f6c\u5411\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bf9\u300a\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\u300b\uff08<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Torah<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u9075\u5b88<\/span><\/strong><span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u652f\u6491\u7740\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u6280\u672f\u65f6\u4ee3\u5982\u4f55\u501f\u9274\u53e4\u8001\u667a\u6167\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u5b8c\u6574\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u4eca\u65e5\u300b\uff08<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Ancient Education<br \/>\nand Today<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u662f\u9e48\u9e55\u4e1b\u4e66\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">PELICAN BOOKS<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1961<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005E. B. \u5361\u65af\u5c14\uff08E. B. CASTLE\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d44\u6df1\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u725b\u6d25\u6797\u80af\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u548c\u8d6b\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u62e5\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff08<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Moral Education in Christian Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e2d\u89e6\u53ca\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u6559\u6388\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u6210\u4e3a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f20\u6388\u5236\u4f5c\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6280\u80fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u5f53\u6280\u672f\u6559\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Association of Teachers in Technical<br \/>\nInstitutions\uff09\u547c\u5401\u7528\u53cd\u6620\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u53d6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u201c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u8363\u8000\u548c\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u201d\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5e76\u975e\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u5ba1\u89c6\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u80a1\u7ee7\u627f\u6d41\u201d\u2014\u2014<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u548c\u72b9\u592a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6559\u80b2\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u96c6\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5173\u6ce8\u5176<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8ff0\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u9057\u4ea7<\/span><\/b><b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e0c\u814a\uff1a\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81f3\u5584<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u60f3<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e0c\u814a\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9996\u6279\u6559\u80b2\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5f00\u59cb\u4e25\u8083\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u601d\u8003\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">arete<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5353\u8d8a\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u6307\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u52c7\u731b\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u9ad8\u5c1a\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u60f3\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u62d2\u7edd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Agoge<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e0e\u5e0c\u814a\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u90a6\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u516c\u6c11\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u53ea\u5177\u5907<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u8d28<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">one<br \/>\n     quality only<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u5c06\u5b69\u5b50\u89c6\u4e3a\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u519b\u4e8b\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\uff08Plato\uff09\u548c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\uff08Aristotle\uff09\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf4\u670d\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8feb\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u53d8\u5f97\u201c\u91ce\u86ee\u201d\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u96c5\u5178\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6574\u4f53\u6027<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Paideia<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u96c5\u5178\u6559\u80b2\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">kalos k\u2019agathos<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u7f8e\u597d\u800c\u5584\u826f\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u667a\u529b\u3001\u5ba1\u7f8e\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u96c5\u5178\u6559\u80b2\u5305\u62ec\u4f53\u80b2\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">palaestra<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">gymnasium<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c\u201c\u97f3\u4e50\u201d\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">mousik\u0113<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6db5\u76d6\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u6b4c\u5531\u3001\u8bc6\u5b57\u3001\u7b97\u672f\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u4fee\u8f9e\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u9762\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u667a\u8005<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08Sophists\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6559\u6388\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4fee\u8f9e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08rhetoric\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u83b7\u53d6\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u3002\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\uff08Socrates\uff09\u575a\u6301\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5373\u7f8e\u5fb7\u201d\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5728\u300a\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u300b\uff08<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Republic<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u80b2\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6210\u957f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08growth\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7f\u7075\u9b42\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u8c10<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08harmony\uff09\u548c\u201c\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u89e3\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u97f3\u4e50\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u513f\u7ae5\u514d\u53d7\u8d1f\u9762\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5219\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54c1\u5fb7\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u5728\u4e8e\u517b\u6210\u826f\u597d\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e60\u60ef<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08habits\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u95f2\u6687\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u9996\u8981\u539f\u5219\u201d\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u95f2\u6687\u5e94\u5f53\u7528\u4e8e\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5a31\u4e50\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6587\u5316\u7ec8\u6781\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u89c1\u89e3\u603b\u7ed3\u5728<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">paideia<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u6587\u5316\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u667a\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u54c1\u8d28\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5145\u5206\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">2. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f57\u9a6c\uff1a\u52a1\u5b9e\u4e0e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u57f9\u517b<\/span><\/b><b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u672c\u571f\u7684\u3001\u52a1\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u4e61\u6751\u6587\u660e\u548c\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bb6\u5ead\u89c2\u5ff5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u4ee3\u7406\u60f3\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u65e9\u671f\u7f57\u9a6c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7f8e\u5fb7\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">gravitas<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5e84\u91cd\u3001\u4e25\u8083\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">pietas<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u7956\u56fd\u548c\u795e\u7075\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff09\u3002\u5728<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bb6\u7236\u6743<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08patria potestas\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u699c\u6837<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u4e60\u4fd7\u6765\u4f20\u6388\u7f8e\u5fb7\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u5f8b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u300a\u5341\u4e8c\u94dc\u8868\u6cd5\u300b\uff09\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e0c\u814a\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d250\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u88ab\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5168\u9762\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u521d\u7ea7\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">ludus litterarius<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u7ea7\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">grammaticus<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">rhetor<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u57f9\u517b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6f14\u8bf4\u5bb6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08orator\uff09\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4eba\u6587\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0e\u5b66\u6821\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u897f\u585e\u7f57\uff08Cicero\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u7f8e\u5fb7\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">humanitas<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u4eba\u6587\u7cbe\u795e\uff09\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u6606\u4f53\u826f\uff08Quintilian\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u6f14\u8bf4\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u4ee5\u5174\u8da3\u4e3a\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f53\u7f5a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6559\u5e08\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5974\u96b6\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\uff09\u5730\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u67af\u71e5\u4e14\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u4f53\u7f5a\uff08\u201c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Orbilius<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">3. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u72b9\u592a\uff1a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u4f20\u627f<\/span><\/b><b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u5e0c\u814a\u7f57\u9a6c\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u6027<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u795e\u4e3a\u4e07\u7269\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0a\u5e1d\u800c\u975e\u4eba\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u732e\u662f\u300a\u59a5\u62c9\u300b\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Torah<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5373\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u72b9\u592a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u8d1f\u6709\u5e84\u4e25\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u300a\u7533\u547d\u8bb0\u300b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u7684<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u793a\u739b\u300b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Shema<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7ecf\u6587\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f60\u8981\u6bb7\u52e4\u6559\u8bad\u4f60\u7684\u513f\u5973<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u88ab\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u7b26\u53f7\uff08\u5982\u7ecf\u6587\u76d2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Mezuzah<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u7ecf\u6587\u62a4\u7b26<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Phylacteries\uff09\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\uff08\u5982<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u903e\u8d8a\u8282<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Seder<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4eea\u5f0f\uff09\u6240\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u513f\u7ae5\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u968f\u7740\u5e0c\u814a\u5316\u6587\u5316\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u516c\u514370\u5e74\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u706d\u4ea1\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b58\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Beth-hasepher<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4e66\u4e4b\u5c4b\u201d\uff09\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5185\u5bb9\u5b8c\u5168\u56f4\u7ed5\u300a\u59a5\u62c9\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u51c6\u786e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6559\u5e08\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u533a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u8d2b\u56f0\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7eaa\u5f8b\u4e25\u5389\uff0c\u4f53\u7f5a\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u300a\u7bb4\u8a00\u300b\uff08Proverbs\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u667a\u6167\u4e0e\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6311\u6218<\/span><\/b><b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728\u7ed3\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u6559\u6388\u5c06\u53e4\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u667a\u6167\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u516b\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6210\u529f\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6210\u957f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span 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