{"id":734,"date":"2025-10-05T09:16:33","date_gmt":"2025-10-05T01:16:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=734"},"modified":"2025-10-05T09:16:33","modified_gmt":"2025-10-05T01:16:33","slug":"1946%e5%b9%b4%e4%bb%a5%e5%89%8d%e8%8b%b1%e5%9b%bd%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%e5%8f%b2%e7%ba%b2%e8%a6%81-an-outiine-of-the-economic-history-of-england-to-1946","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=734","title":{"rendered":"1946\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981 An OutIine of the Economic History of England To 1946"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0042 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1946\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAn
\nOutIine of the Economic History of England To 1946<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1946\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAn OutIine of the Economic History of England To 1946<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66<\/span>\u5bf9<\/span>1946<\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span>\u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>D. W. Roberts<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece<\/span>\u76ce\u683c\u9c81<\/span><\/strong><\/span>–<\/span><\/strong>\u6492\u514b\u900a\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span><\/strong>\u5230<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/span><\/strong>\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5b83\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5e84\u56ed\u548c\u57ce\u9547\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u90fd\u94ce\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u53d8\u9769<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6587\u672c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u7164\u70ad\u548c\u94a2\u94c1\u5de5\u4e1a<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3001<\/span>\u4ea4\u901a\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u6539\u8fdb<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u8fd0\u6cb3\u548c\u94c1\u8def\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u6d4e\u8d2b\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u5de5\u5382\u7acb\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86<\/span>\u5546\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece<\/span>\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u5230<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86<\/span>\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u6b96\u6c11\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tD. W. Roberts \u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a<\/span>1946<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff08<\/span>An Outline of the Economic History of England to 1946<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u5165\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6559\u6750\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u6df1\u5165\u6d45\u51fa\u5730\u52fe\u52d2\u4e86\u4ece1066\u5e74\u8bfa\u66fc\u5f81\u670d\u52301946\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6f14\u53d8\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ea6\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\u4e8e1948\u5e743\u6708\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u5f15\u8a00\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9610\u660e\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u89c8<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u671f\uff08<\/span><\/b>1066\u20131485<\/span><\/b>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u8f6c\u578b\u65f6\u671f\uff08<\/span><\/b>1485\u20131660<\/span><\/b>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u65f6\u671f\uff08<\/span><\/b>1660\u20131946<\/span><\/b>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u915d\u917f\u671f\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n
    \n<\/div>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\uff08<\/span><\/b>1066\u20131485<\/span><\/b>\uff09<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u5165\u4fb5\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u3001\u76ce\u683c\u9c81-\u6492\u514b\u900a\u4eba\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u4eba\u548c\u8bfa\u66fc\u4eba\uff09\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e61\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u5e84\u56ed\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b> \u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4e61\u6751\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7ea6<\/span>\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u7684\u4eba\u53e3<\/span><\/b>\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6751\u5e84\u91cc\u3002\u5e84\u56ed\u5236\u5ea6\uff08Manorial System\uff09\u662f\u4e61\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5e84\u56ed\u5c45\u6c11\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\uff1a\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u4fdd\u6709\u5730\u7684<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u6c11<\/span><\/b>\uff08Freemen\uff09\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e84\u56ed\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6838\u5fc3\u7684<\/span>\u7ef4\u5170<\/span><\/b>\uff08Villeins\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u5c45\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6301\u6709\u8f83\u5c11\u571f\u5730\u7684<\/span>\u8305\u5c4b\u519c<\/span><\/b>\uff08Cottagers\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u52b3\u5de5\uff09\u3002\u5e84\u56ed\u5b9e\u884c<\/span>\u655e\u7530\u5236<\/span><\/b>\uff08Open Field System\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u4e09\u5e74\u8f6e\u4f5c\u5236\u201d\uff08three field System\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5e74\u4f11\u8015\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u5730\u529b\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5e84\u56ed\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f<\/span>\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u5916\u754c\u7269\u54c1\u5f88\u5c11\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e84\u56ed\u5236\u5ea6\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u8870\u843d\u3002<\/span>\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5<\/span><\/b>\uff08Black Death\uff0c1349-1351\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u9020\u6210\u5168\u56fd\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u4eba\u53e3\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7a00\u7f3a\u548c\u5de5\u8d44\u4e0a\u6da8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7ef4\u5170\u7684\u52b3\u5f79\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u88ab\u6298\u7b97\u6210\u8d27\u5e01\u652f\u4ed8\uff08commutation\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u57ce\u9547\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613<\/span><\/b> \u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u57ce\u9547\uff08Towns\uff09\u662f\u8d38\u6613\u800c\u975e\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5c01\u5efa\u548c\u5e84\u56ed\u9650\u5236\u3002\u57ce\u9547\u901a\u8fc7\u8d2d\u4e70<\/span>\u7279\u8bb8\u72b6<\/span><\/b>\uff08Charter\uff09\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u6743\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u5e74\u8d39\uff08<\/span>Firma Burgi<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u652f\u4ed8\u79df\u7a0e\u3002\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u7279\u6743\u6700\u521d\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e<\/span>\u884c\u4f1a\u5546\u4eba<\/span><\/b>\uff08Gild Merchant\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684<\/span>\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u884c\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff08Craft Gilds\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u662f<\/span>\u7f8a\u6bdb\u5e03\u6599\u5236\u9020<\/span><\/b>\uff08Woollen Industry\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u5de5\u5320\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u8be5\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5728\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e09\u4e16\u65f6\u671f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8d77\u6b65\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u56f0\u96be\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0d\u4fbf\u3001\u9053\u8def\u6865\u6881\u5931\u4fee\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u76d7\u532a\u6a2a\u884c\u3002<\/span>\u96c6\u5e02\u548c\u5e02\u573a<\/span><\/b>\uff08Fairs and Markets\uff09\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u573a\u6240\u3002\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7531<\/span>\u5916\u56fd\u5546\u4eba<\/span><\/b>\uff08Alien merchants\uff09\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u610f\u5927\u5229\u57ce\u90a6\uff08\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\uff09\u548c\u6c49\u8428\u540c\u76df\uff08Hanse League\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u4e1c\u65b9\u4eba Easterlings\uff09\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u5730\u5546\u4eba\u968f\u540e\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86<\/span>\u5546\u4eba\u884c\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5982\u7ecf\u8425\u5927\u5b97\u5546\u54c1\u8d38\u6613\u7684<\/span>\u5546\u4eba\u8d27\u6808<\/span><\/b>\uff08Merchant Staplers\uff09\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u5e03\u6599\u8d38\u6613\u7684<\/span>\u5546\u4eba\u5192\u9669\u5bb6<\/span><\/b>\uff08Merchant Adventurers\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5411\u5546\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc8\u8fdb\uff08<\/span><\/b>1485\u20131660<\/span><\/b>\uff09<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u519c\u4e1a\u53d8\u9769<\/span><\/b> \u968f\u7740\u90fd\u94ce\u738b\u671d\u7684\u4e0a\u53f0\u548c<\/span>\u5927\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>The
    \nGreat Discoveries<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8fc8\u5411\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u3002\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684<\/span>\u5708\u5730\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\uff08Enclosures\uff09\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8015\u5730\u88ab\u6539\u4e3a\u7267\u573a\u4ee5\u9972\u517b\u7f8a\u7fa4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8a\u6bdb\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5229\u6da6\u4e30\u539a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u9769\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<\/span>\u6751\u5e84\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u8d77\u4e49\uff08\u5982\u51ef\u7279\u53db\u4e71\uff09\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u9650\u5236\u5708\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u7cae\u98df\u4f9b\u5e94\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/span>\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u7684\u89e3\u6563<\/span><\/b>\uff08Dissolution of the Monasteries\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u571f\u5730\u6d8c\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u6269\u5f20<\/span><\/b> \u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u9075\u5faa<\/span>\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08Mercantile System\uff09\u539f\u5219\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u5bcc\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728<\/span>\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e<\/span><\/b>\uff08Bullion\uff09\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e0a\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a<\/span>\u8d38\u6613\u5dee\u989d\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff08Balance of Trade Theory\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u9f13\u52b1\u51fa\u53e3\u5e76\u9650\u5236\u8fdb\u53e3\u3002\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u8c37\u7269\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Corn Laws\uff09\u4fdd\u62a4\u519c\u4e1a\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u5de5\u5320\u6cd5\u89c4\u300b\uff08Statute of
    \nArtificers\uff0c1563\u5e74\uff09\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u822a\u6d77\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Navigation Acts\uff0c1651\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\u9650\u5236\u5916\u56fd\u8239\u53ea\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6253\u51fb\u8377\u5170\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u52bf\u529b\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6d77\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u7531\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7279\u8bb8\u516c\u53f8\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/span>\u4fc4\u56fd\u516c\u53f8<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Russia
    \nCompany<\/span>\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u9ece\u51e1\u7279\u516c\u53f8<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Levant Company<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684<\/span>\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>East India Company<\/span>\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e<\/span>1600<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u8d38\u6613\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u91c7\u53d6<\/span>\u65e7\u6b96\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Old Colonial System<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u88ab\u671f\u671b\u4e3a\u6bcd\u56fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u539f\u6750\u6599\u548c\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6bcd\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\uff08<\/span><\/b>1660\u20131946<\/span><\/b>\uff09<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0e\u519c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/b> 1660\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9769\u547d\u201d\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n\t\t\u519c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u655e\u7530\u5236\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5708\u5730\u8fd0\u52a8\u901a\u8fc7\u8bae\u4f1a<\/span>\u79c1\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Private Acts<\/span>\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span>\u6770\u601d\u7f57<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u56fe\u5c14<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Jethro Tull<\/span>\uff0c\u63a8\u5e7f\u64ad\u79cd\u673a\u548c\u6761\u64ad\u6cd5\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u6c64\u68ee\u52cb\u7235<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Lord Townshend<\/span>\uff0c\u63a8\u5e7f\u829c\u83c1\u548c\u8bfa\u798f\u514b\u8f6e\u4f5c\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5df4\u514b\u97e6\u5c14<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Robert Bakewell<\/span>\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u7272\u755c\u80b2\u79cd\uff09\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u519c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f<\/span>\u53d1\u660e\u5927\u7206\u53d1<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7eba\u7ec7\u4e1a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53d1\u660e\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span>\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u51ef<\/span><\/b>\uff08John Kay\uff09\u7684\u98de\u68ad\uff08Fly Shuttle\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u8a79\u59c6\u65af<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u54c8\u683c\u91cc\u592b\u65af<\/span><\/b>\uff08James Hargreaves\uff09\u7684\u73cd\u59ae\u7eba\u7eb1\u673a\uff08Jenny\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u963f\u514b\u83b1\u7279<\/span><\/b>\uff08Richard Arkwright\uff09\u7684\u201c\u6c34\u529b\u7eba\u7eb1\u673a\u201d\uff08Water Frame\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u514b\u6717\u666e\u987f<\/span><\/b>\uff08Samuel Crompton\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u4e24\u8005\u539f\u7406\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u201c\u9aa1\u673a\u201d\uff08Mule\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u8a79\u59c6\u65af<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u74e6\u7279<\/span><\/b>\uff08James Watt\uff09\u5bf9\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\uff081775\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5de5\u4e1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u7164\u7530\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5de5\u5382\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5de5\u5382\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Factory System<\/span>\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u884c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728<\/span>\u5170\u5f00\u590f\u3001\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u5730\u533a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Midlands<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u5357\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u94a2\u94c1\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u8fbe\u6bd4<\/span><\/b>\uff08Abraham Darby\uff09\u7684\u7126\u70ad\u51b6\u70bc\u6cd5\u548c<\/span>\u4ea8\u5229<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u79d1\u5c14\u7279<\/span><\/b>\uff08Henry Cort\uff09\u7684\u6405\u62cc\u53ca\u8f67\u5236\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u9769\u547d\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n\t\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n\t\t\u94f6\u884c\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u968f\u7740\u5546\u4e1a\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u4f53\u7cfb\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002<\/span>\u91d1\u5320\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6<\/span><\/b>\uff08Goldsmith Bankers\uff09\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u3002<\/span>\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u94f6\u884c<\/span><\/b>\uff08Bank of England\uff09\u4e8e1694\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u94f6\u884c\u9650\u5236\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Bank Restriction Act\uff09\u53d1\u884c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5151\u6362\u7eb8\u5e01\u30021844\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u94f6\u884c\u7279\u8bb8\u72b6\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Bank Charter Act\uff09\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u94f6\u884c\u5728\u8d27\u5e01\u53d1\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u4ea4\u901a\u9769\u547d\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u8fd0\u6cb3\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\u6c83\u7279\u8fd0\u6cb3<\/span><\/b>\uff0c1760\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u9053\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u7279\u5c14\u798f\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u9ea6\u514b\u4e9a\u5f53<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u7b51\u8def\u6280\u672f\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u94c1\u8def\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span><\/b>\u7531<\/span>\u4e54\u6cbb<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u68ee<\/span><\/b>\uff08George Stephenson\uff09\u5f00\u521b\uff0c\u84b8\u6c7d\u8239\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fdc\u6d0b\u8fd0\u8f93\u6210\u672c\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u653f\u7b56\u8f6c\u5411\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u4ece\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u653e\u4efb\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/b>Laissez-faire<\/span><\/b>\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e9f\u9664\u300a\u822a\u6d77\u6cd5\u300b\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u5e9f\u9664\u300a\u8c37\u7269\u6cd5\u300b\uff08<\/span><\/b>1846<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\uff0c\u7531<\/span><\/b>\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u76ae\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff09\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4ea6\u653e\u5f03\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65e7\u6b96\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n\t\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b> \u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f<\/span>\u5de5\u5382\u6ee5\u7528\u7ae5\u5de5<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/span>\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u6b27\u6587<\/span><\/b>\uff08Robert Owen\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u963f\u4ec0\u5229<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u5e93\u73c0<\/span><\/b>\uff08Lord Ashley\uff0c\u5373\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u4f2f\u7235\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u57c3\u5fb7\u6e29<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u67e5\u5fb7\u5a01\u514b<\/span><\/b>\uff08Edwin Chadwick\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u6539\u9769\uff09\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u300a\u5de5\u5382\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Factory Acts\uff09\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u9650\u5236\u5987\u5973\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5de5\u65f6\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fd8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Trade
        \nUnions<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u300a\u7ed3\u793e\u6cd5\u300b\uff08<\/span>Combination Act<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5de5\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86<\/span>\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>New Model<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728<\/span>1906<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6cd5\u300b\uff08<\/span>Trades Disputes Act<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u57fa\u91d1\u514d\u53d7\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u52301946\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e861601\u5e74\u300a\u6d4e\u8d2b\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u5931\u4e1a\u4fdd\u9669<\/span><\/b>\uff081911\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u517b\u8001\u91d1<\/span><\/b>\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u7ec8\u57281946\u5e74\u6574\u5408\u7684<\/span>\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fdd\u9669\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cD. W. Roberts\u7684\u300a1946\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4ece\u5e84\u56ed\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5230\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5f3a\u56fd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u653e\u4efb\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t