{"id":729,"date":"2025-10-05T06:52:59","date_gmt":"2025-10-04T22:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=729"},"modified":"2025-10-05T08:20:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-05T00:20:40","slug":"%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e6%a6%82%e8%a6%81-an-outiine-of-experimentai-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=729","title":{"rendered":"\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u80b2\u6982\u8981 An OutIine of ExperimentaI Education"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0041 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u80b2\u6982\u8981<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAn
\nOutIine of ExperimentaI Education<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7R\u00b7<\/span>\u62c9\u65af\u514b\uff08<\/span>Robert R. Rusk<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e <\/span>1960<\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u51fa\u7248<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u80b2\u6982\u8981\u300b\uff08<\/span>An Outline of Experimental Education<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u8865\u5145\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u51ed\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u9605\u8bfb\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/span>\u5e8f\u8a00\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u65e9\u671f\u5173\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u7531\u4e8e <\/span>\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6269\u5c55<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u4e0d\u518d\u8bd5\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u8be5\u4e66 <\/span>\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a2\u7d22<\/span><\/strong> \u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec <\/span>\u6d4b\u91cf\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/strong> \u4ee5\u53ca <\/span>\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong> \u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03 <\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c <\/span>\u53d7\u63a7\u8c03\u67e5<\/span><\/strong> \u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d <\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7R\u00b7<\/span>\u62c9\u65af\u514b\uff08<\/span>Robert R. Rusk<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u80b2\u6982\u8981\u300b\uff08<\/span>An Outline of
\nExperimental Education<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e8e<\/span> 1960 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u7ee7<\/span> 1912 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u80b2\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff08<\/span>Introduction to
\nExperimental Education<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u548c<\/span> 1919 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff08<\/span>Experimental Education<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u9605\u8bfb\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8865\u5145<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u53d7\u8bad\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u6587\u51ed\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u6fc0\u52b1\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9898\u5df2\u6781\u5176\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ec5\u201c\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff08Follow-up Studies\uff09\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u76ee\u5c31\u5305\u542b 471 \u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6807\u9898\u6062\u590d\u5230\u201c\u6982\u8981\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u80b2\u5404\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684<\/span>\u4f8b\u8bc1<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u8fd9\u4e00\u590d\u6742\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e00\u3001 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u6027<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u9996\u5148\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u504f\u79bb\u4f20\u7edf\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6784\u5efa\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u83b7\u53d6<\/span>\u5ba2\u89c2\u6548\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u5bc6\u5c14\uff08John Stuart Mill\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5e72\u6270\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea4\u7ec7\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u79d1\u5b66\u89c2\u5bdf\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u201c\u9694\u79bb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u675c\u5a01\uff08John Dewey\uff09\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u5b9e\u9a8c\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u5355\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c<\/span>\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\uff08<\/span><\/b>R. A. Fisher<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u6700\u521d\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\uff09\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u968f\u673a\u5316<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u907f\u514d\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u201c\u91cd\u590d\u201d\uff08replication\uff09\u6765\u4f30\u7b97\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e8c\u3001 \u6559\u80b2\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u79d1\u5b66\u5316\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u6851\u4ee3\u514b\uff08E. L. Thorndike\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\uff1a\u201c<\/span>\u51e1\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u91cf<\/span><\/b>\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u6d4b\u91cf\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u8bc4\u4f30\u201c\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u662f\u201c\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u7b49\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

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\n\t\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f<\/span>\u5ba2\u89c2\u5316\uff08\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff09\u6d4b\u9a8c<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u59cb\u4e8e\u6bd4\u5948\uff08Binet\uff09\u7684\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u7684\u575a\u6301\u548c\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u5e74\u9f84\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u660e\u786e\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u6613\u4e8e\u5ba2\u89c2\u8bc4\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u975e\u9898\u3001\u591a\u9879\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u548c\u5b8c\u5f62\u586b\u7a7a\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5982\u6851\u4ee3\u514b\u7684<\/span>\u7b14\u8ff9\u91cf\u8868<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u91cf\u8868\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6027\u80fd<\/span>\u5e38\u6a21<\/span><\/b>\uff08norms\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u5165\u5b66\u5e74\u9f84\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u65e9\u671f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff08\u901a\u5e38 5 \u5c81\u5165\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u8fc7\u665a\u5165\u5b66\uff085 \u5c81\u4ee5\u540e\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u5229\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u665a\u5165\u5b66\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u867d\u7136\u8fdb\u6b65\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u65e9\u671f\u635f\u5931\u3002\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff08\u65e9\u671f\u5165\u5b66\uff09\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u82f1\u56fd\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u66f4\u65e9\u5165\u5b66\uff085 \u5c81\u6216 6 \u5c81\uff09\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u73ed\u7ea7\u89c4\u6a21\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u5e08\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u5c0f\u73ed\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u73ed\u7ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u4e4b\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u73ed\u7ea7\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u80fd\u591f\u5f15\u5165\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u901a\u5e38\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u9700\u6c42\u6216\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u4f53\u80b2\u8bad\u7ec3\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u667a\u529b\u6216\u6027\u683c\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u4e13\u6ce8\u529b\u201d\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6d3b\u52a8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u201d\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5982\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u516b\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49\u671f\u671b\u6210\u679c\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u79d1\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5e76\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u663e\u8457\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u79d1\u76ee\u4e0a\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u516b\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7565\u9ad8\u7684\u603b\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u7ee9\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u667a\u529b\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u548c\u6c42\u77e5\u6b32\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u66f4\u5177\u8db3\u667a\u591a\u8c0b\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u56db\u3001 \u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6700\u540e\u90e8\u5206\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u673a\u5236\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u5e08\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\u4e58\u6cd5\u7ec4\u5408\u65f6\u5e76\u975e\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u590d\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\uff1a<\/span>\u523a\u6fc0<\/span><\/b>–<\/span><\/b>\u53cd\u5e94\u8054\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08Stimulus-Response
      \n Associationist\/Connectionist\uff0c\u5982\u6851\u4ee3\u514b\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u201c\u6548\u679c\u5f8b\u201d\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff08Gestalt\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u4ece\u5176\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e94\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86<\/span>\u52a8\u673a<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8868\u626c\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c<\/span>\u4e86\u89e3\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    3. \n\t\t\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u652f\u6301<\/span>\u5206\u6563\u91cd\u590d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>distributed repetitions<\/span>\uff09\u6bd4\u96c6\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u6574\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/b>\u4e0e<\/span>\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    4. \n\t\t\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc1\u79fb\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc1\u79fb\uff08<\/span>Transfer of Training<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6851\u4ee3\u514b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5e94\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u5c06<\/span>\u7406\u60f3<\/span><\/b>\u6216<\/span>\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/b>\u6cdb\u5316\u5e76\u6307\u793a\u5176\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u80b2\u6982\u8981\u300b\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u6b65\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6d4b\u91cf\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4ea4\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2a\u4eba\u610f\u89c1\u6216\u4e13\u4e1a\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t