{"id":671,"date":"2025-10-04T11:27:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-04T03:27:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=671"},"modified":"2025-10-04T11:27:17","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T03:27:17","slug":"%e9%9d%9e%e6%b4%b2%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2african-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=671","title":{"rendered":"\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u200bAfrican Education"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><\/span>0035<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/strong>African
\nEducation<\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u963f\u5c14\u73ed<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6e29\u7279\uff08<\/span>Alban Winter, C.R.<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e<\/span>1938<\/span><\/strong>\u5e74<\/span>4<\/span>\u6708<\/span>30<\/span>\u65e5<\/span><\/strong>\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff08<\/span>African Education<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u5fc5\u987b<\/span><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8981\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u5b66\u6821\u5b64\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9<\/span>\u975e\u6d32\u4e61\u6751\u3001\u519c\u573a\u548c\u57ce\u9547<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u6821\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b<\/span>\u9002\u5e94<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d<\/span>\u88ab<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u53bb\u90e8\u843d\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u91cd\u5efa<\/span><\/strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1<\/span>\u975e\u6d32\u9057\u4ea7<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5<\/span>\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span>\u6b63\u786e\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u4e86<\/span>\u672c\u80fd\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/span><\/strong>\u7b49<\/span>\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u6559\u5e08\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5<\/span>\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u5f00\u5c55\u6559\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u7ed9\u975e\u6d32\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5efa\u8bae\u300b<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7531<\/span> Alban J. E. Winter <\/span>\u7267\u5e08<\/span>, C.R. <\/span>\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u7ed9\u975e\u6d32\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\uff08<\/span>AFRICAN
\nEDUCATION: SUGGESTED PRINCIPLES AND METHODS FOR AFRICAN STUDENTS<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5b97\u65e8\u53ca\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u5199\u4f5c\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u4f5c\u8005<\/span> Alban J. E. Winter <\/span>\u7267\u5e08\u5728\u5357\u975e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5b66\u6821\u62e5\u6709\u957f\u671f\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u5821\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u4e2d\u5b66\uff08<\/span>St. Peter’s Secondary School, Johannesburg<\/span>\uff09\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u62c5\u4efb\u5357\u7f57\u5f97\u897f\u4e9a\u5f6d\u54c8\u9686\u52a0\u5723\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>St. Augustine’s School, Penhalonga, Southern Rhodesia<\/span>\uff09\u6821\u957f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u89c2\u70b9\u503c\u5f97\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u91c7\u7eb3\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u5219\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5 Standard VI \u666e\u901a\u6559\u80b2\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u57f9\u8bad\u671f\u95f4\u5145\u5f53\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u8bed\u8a00\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u6280\u672f\u672f\u8bed\u3002D. McK. Malcolm\uff0c\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u9996\u5e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u5458\uff08<\/span>Chief Inspector
\nof Native Education, Natal<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u5411\u5728\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6\u4ece\u4e8b\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u63a8\u8350\u4e86\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u975e\u6d32\u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u73af\u5883\u7684\u51e0\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u5e94\u5904\u4e8e\u9996\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u7533\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u80fd\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u9762\u4e34\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u8861\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u6bc1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5c06\u975e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4ece\u5c5e\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff08<\/span>Adaptation<\/span>\uff09\u800c\u975e\u6a21\u4eff\uff08<\/span>imitation<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6559\u5e08\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u65ad\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u539f\u5219\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6751\u5e84\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u57ce\u9547\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u5efa\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0e\u65e7\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u53a6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\u5b66\u751f\u6559\u5e08\u5e94\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b27\u5df4\u4ee3\u4e9a\u00b7\u9a6c\u6f58\u8428 Obadiah Mapanza\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u6559\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5bf9\u5f85\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c06\u8bb2\u5802\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5c0f\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6559\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u6e90\u81ea\u8bfe\u5802\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e94\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5373\u6559\u5bfc\u8005\uff08\u6559\u5e08\uff09\u3001\u88ab\u6559\u5bfc\u8005\uff08\u513f\u7ae5\uff09\u3001\u6559\u5bfc\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6559\u5bfc\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u6559\u5bfc\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u6574\u672c\u4e66\u90fd\u56f4\u7ed5<\/span>\u513f\u7ae5<\/span><\/b>\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u6d1b\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u89c2\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8981\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u672c\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u8eab\u4e0a\u81ea\u6211\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u5c48\u4ece\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u4e0e\u597d\u5947\u3001\u597d\u6597\u3001\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u7fa4\u5c45\u7b49\u672c\u80fd\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u672c\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u5fc3\u667a\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u57f9\u517b\u6b63\u786e\u60c5\u611f\uff08<\/span>Sentiments<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0e\u5174\u8da3\uff08\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u7684\u57f9\u517b\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u8054\u60f3\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684<\/span>\u73ed\u7ea7\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8bb2\u6388\u6cd5\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u6cd5\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u8fbe\u6cd5\u548c\u8bf4\u6559\u6cd5\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<\/span>\u9053\u5c14\u987f\u5236<\/span><\/b>\uff08Dalton Plan\uff09\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u73ed\u7ea7\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u96be\u4ee5\u987e\u53ca\u5b66\u751f\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u5b66\u79d1\u6559\u5b66\u6307\u5bfc\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9488\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u6559\u5b66\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6bcd\u8bed\u548c\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e3\u8bed\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u8bed\u97f3\u6559\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u6559\u5b66\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u548c\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff09\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u5206\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u5b66\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u7977\u544a\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5730\u7406\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u3001\u536b\u751f\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u548c\u827a\u672f\u7b49\u79d1\u76ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  6. \n\t\t\u8bfe\u5802\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u6559\u5e08\u54c1\u683c\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7ea6\u675f\uff08Self-discipline\uff09\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u5e08\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u7684\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u3001\u6811\u7acb\u699c\u6837\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u4e66\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u6734\u5b9e\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u5b66\u751f\u6559\u5e08\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4e86\u89e3\u5e76\u5c0a\u91cd\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u6587\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u539f\u5219\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t