{"id":620,"date":"2025-09-29T19:14:44","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T11:14:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=620"},"modified":"2025-09-29T19:14:44","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T11:14:44","slug":"%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6-a-modern-philosophy-of-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=620","title":{"rendered":"\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66 A Modern Philosophy of Education"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><\/span><\/span>0021 <\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tA
\nModern Philosophy of Education<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6208\u5f17\u96f7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6c64\u59c6\u900a\uff08<\/span>Godfrey Thomson<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff08<\/span>A Modern Philosophy of Education<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u4f5c\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5728<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u591a\u5730\u4efb\u6559\u7ecf\u5386<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u89c2\u70b9\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u72ed\u9698\uff0c\u63d0\u5021<\/span>\u6574\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u8be5\u4e66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730<\/span>\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed3\u5408<\/span>\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\uff08\u5b5f\u5fb7\u5c14\u9057\u4f20\u7406\u8bba\uff09\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6c64\u59c6\u900a\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u5728<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6539\u9020\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u9057\u4f20\u4e0e\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u667a\u529b\u548c\u6027\u683c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fd8\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5982<\/span>\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u7684<\/span>\u89d2\u8272\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff08\u5982\u5c0f\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5b66\u5212\u5206\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b97\u65e8<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728<\/span>\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\uff08\u6216\u79f0\u4eab\u4e50\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u5bf9\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406<\/span>\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u504f\u89c1<\/span><\/strong>\u7b49\u4e3b\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7531<\/span>\u6208\u5f17\u96f7<\/span>\u00b7H\u00b7<\/span>\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Godfrey H. Thomson, D.C.L., Ph.D., D.Sc.<\/span>\uff09\u64b0\u5199\u3002\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee\u535a\u58eb\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u7ebd\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u6cf0\u6069\u6cb3\u7554\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5e08\u8303\u57f9\u8bad\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u517c\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u4e8e 1929 \u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5f00\u5b97\u660e\u4e49\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u64b0\u5199\u6b64\u4e66\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u5ba1\u89c6\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u81f4\u4e14\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6574\u4f53\u7406\u5ff5\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u6b64\u79f0\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u4e0d\u8bbe\u9650\u5236\u6216\u7b80\u5316\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u5ba1\u89c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u672c\u4e66\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u673a\u6784\u53d8\u52a8\uff08\u4ece\u7ebd\u7ea6\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u5230\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u62d3\u5bbd\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u89c2\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u786e\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u771f\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740<\/span>\u601d\u60f3\u72ed\u9698<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6234\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u955c\u201d\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u7acb\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e00\u3001 \u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8303\u7574<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u54f2\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff08philosophically agnostic\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0e\u9057\u4f20\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8fdb\u5316\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u5de5\u827a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u5728<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/b>\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u5173\u4e4e\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f5c\u8005\u6df1\u4fe1\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u9690\u542b\u6216\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5bf9<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/span><\/b>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5584<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>highest
    \n good<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span><\/b>\u91c7\u53d6\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u4e66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u8d4b\u4e88\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5<\/span>\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e8c\u3001 \u6559\u80b2\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5728\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4f53<\/span>\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8fdb\u5316\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\u201c\u672c\u80fd\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u5851\u9020\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u5730\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u6559\u80b2\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u8fd8\u88ab\u8bad\u7ec3\u53bb\u201c\u6539\u9020\u73af\u5883\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u6559\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u98df\u6b32\uff08<\/span><\/b>appetites<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4ece\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u5230\u5f62\u6210<\/span><\/b>\u65b0\u7684\u559c\u597d\u548c\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u9ad8\u5c1a\u8fd8\u662f\u5351\u52a3\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e2a\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u597d\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e09\u3001 \u9057\u4f20\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u4e66\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u9057\u4f20<\/span><\/b>\uff08heredity\uff09\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5b5f\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684<\/span>\u5355\u5143\u7279\u5f81<\/span><\/b>\uff08unit characters\uff09\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u4e2a\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u7531<\/span>\u57fa\u56e0<\/span><\/b>\uff08genes\uff09\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u6027\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u540e\u4ee3\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u867d\u7136\u5927\u591a\u6570\u540e\u5929\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7279\u8d28\uff08<\/span>acquired
    \ncharacteristics<\/span>\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>social
    \ninheritance<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u65e0\u53ef\u4f30\u91cf\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u8d28\u8d22\u5bcc\uff08\u623f\u5c4b\u3001\u9053\u8def\u3001\u4e66\u7c4d\uff09\uff1b<\/span>\u6bcd\u8bed<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u601d\u7ef4\u5de5\u5177\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u513f\u7ae5\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u793e\u533a<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u60f3\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u957f\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u60f3\u8c61\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\uff08\u5982\u6cf0\u5c71\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff09 \u7684\u5883\u51b5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u667a\u529b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c<\/span>\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e<\/span><\/b>\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e94\u6bd4\u4e00\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6539\u5584\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8<\/span><\/b>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u5206\u5e03\u7684<\/span>\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73<\/span><\/b>\uff08niveau\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u56db\u3001 \u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f20\u9012\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u9057\u4ea7<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u4fdd\u5b58\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u59a8\u788d\u53d8\u9769\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5145\u5f53\u201c\u7b5b\u9009\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5b66\u751f\u5206\u6d41\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5173\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u4e60\u60ef<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>habit<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e<\/span>\u53ef\u5851\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>plasticity<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\uff08\u5982\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f<\/span>\u704c\u8f93\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e60\u60ef<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\uff08\u5982\u5362\u68ad\u3001\u675c\u5a01\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5<\/span>\u4fdd\u6301\u53ef\u5851\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u4f8b\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u4e66\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e00\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86<\/span>\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><\/b>\u00b7<\/span><\/b>\u675c\u5a01<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u662f<\/span>\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span><\/b>\uff08pragmatist\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u9884\u5148\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u201c\u6700\u9ad8\u5584\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/b>summum bonum<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><\/b>\u751f\u6d3b\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u7eaf\u5316\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u4e14\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f29\u5f71<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u704c\u8f93\u6743\u5a01\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u5021\u5bfc<\/span>\u9879\u76ee\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08Project Method\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u6267\u884c\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u60f3\u5b8c\u6210\u7684<\/span>\u771f\u5b9e\u4efb\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5c06\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u4e60\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e94\u3001 \u6559\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0e\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00<\/span>\u4e13\u804c\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u4e14\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f<\/span>\u6559\u6388\u8bfb\u5199\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff08literacy\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u54c1\u683c<\/span><\/b>\uff08character training\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u793e\u533a\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u793e\u7fa4\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u9752\u6625\u671f\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e 11 \u5c81\u5de6\u53f3<\/span>\u751f\u7406\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/b>\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8d5e\u540c<\/span>\u54c8\u591a\u62a5\u544a<\/span><\/b>\uff08Hadow Report\uff09\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5728 <\/span>11 <\/span><\/b>\u5c81\u591a<\/span><\/b>\uff0811 plus\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6e05\u6d01\u5207\u5206\u201d\uff08clean cut\uff09\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u513f\u7ae5\u8f6c\u5165\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6307 11 \u5c81\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    3. \n\t\t\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u9752\u6625\u671f\u5b66\u6821\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u513f\u7ae5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\u804c\u4e1a\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed9\u4e88\u201c\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u66f4\u6709\u76ca\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\uff08vocational training\uff09\u4e0d\u5e94\u5728 14 \u5c81\u4e4b\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    4. \n\t\t\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u6559\u80b2\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u503e\u5411\u4e8e<\/span>\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u51c6<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span>\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u4f11\u95f2\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u96be\u9898\uff1a\u5b83\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u806a\u660e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u9009\u62d4\u5230<\/span>\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span>\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u52a3\u52bf<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    5. \n\t\t\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>Adult Education<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fc7\u4e0a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u66f4\u5145\u5b9e\u3001\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u751f\u6d3b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u57f9\u517b\u66f4\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/b>\u82f1\u56fd\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5927\u5b66\u63a8\u5e7f\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u534f\u4f1a\uff08<\/span><\/b>W.E.A.<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u6301\u548c<\/span><\/b>\u5e7f\u64ad\u7b49\u65b0\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u516d\u3001 \u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3<\/span>\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Competition
      \nand Co-operation<\/span>\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b66\u672f\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9<\/span>\u5206\u5de5<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f7f\u5f97<\/span>\u5408\u4f5c<\/span><\/b>\u6210\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u52aa\u529b\u5728<\/span>\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u7ed3<\/span><\/b>\uff08social solidarity\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u4e03\u3001 \u504f\u89c1\u4e0e\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u9a84\u50b2\u4e0e\u504f\u89c1<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Pride
      \nand Prejudice<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f<\/span>\u6d88\u9664\u504f\u89c1<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5728\u516c\u5171\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u8bc9\u8bf8\u7406\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u7406\u6027\u5316\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/b>rationalize<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u6765\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u548c\u504f\u89c1\u5bfb\u627e\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u76f8\u4fe1\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e8e\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u707e\u96be\u6027\u540e\u679c\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u5e94\u52aa\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u201c\u7f29\u5f71\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u6765\u953b\u70bc\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u6b63\u76f4\u7684\u826f\u77e5\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t