{"id":590,"date":"2025-09-28T18:27:29","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T10:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=590"},"modified":"2025-09-28T18:27:29","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T10:27:29","slug":"%e4%b8%8d%e5%88%97%e9%a2%a0%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e6%9c%af%e8%af%ad%e6%89%8b%e5%86%8c-a-handbook-of-british-educationai-terms-including-an-outiine-of-the-british-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=590","title":{"rendered":"\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6559\u80b2\u672f\u8bed\u624b\u518c \u200bA Handbook of British EducationaI Terms – Including an OutIine of the British Education"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0016 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6559\u80b2\u672f\u8bed\u624b\u518c<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t<\/span>A
\nHandbook of British EducationaI Terms <\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t–
\nIncluding an OutIine of the British Education<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \"\"<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6559\u80b2\u672f\u8bed\u624b\u518c\u300b<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u7531<\/span><\/strong><\/span> H. C. BARNARD <\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/strong> J. A. LAUWERYS <\/span><\/strong>\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span><\/strong> 1963 <\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u8be5\u624b\u518c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u4eba\u58eb\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/strong>\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span>\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u548c\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6982\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u8ff0\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/span><\/strong><\/span>1944 <\/span>\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5<\/span>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u884c\u653f\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u521d\u7ea7\u4e2d\u5b66\uff09\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\uff08\u5982<\/span><\/span> G.C.E. <\/span>\u548c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u52a0\u8003\u8bd5\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6458\u5f55\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5927\u91cf<\/span><\/strong>\u6309\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u672f\u8bed<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u884c\u653f\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u5b9e\u8df5\u7b49\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u548c\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u800c\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5e0c\u671b\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u6559\u80b2\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u7531<\/span>H.C.<\/span>\u5df4\u7eb3\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>H. C. Barnard<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>J.A.<\/span>\u52b3\u91cc\u65af\uff08<\/span>J. A. Lauwerys<\/span>\uff09\u5171\u540c\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u672f\u8bed\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff08<\/span>A Handbook of British Educational Terms<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6307\u5357\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e8e1963\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5176\u521d\u8877\u662f\u4e3a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08U.N.E.S.C.O.\uff09\u9879\u76ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u8bfb\u8005\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5927\u5e45\u4fee\u8ba2\u548c\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u6982\u89c8<\/span> (An Outline of the British Educational
    \n System)<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4e66\u7684\u6b63\u6587\u90e8\u5206\u9996\u5148\u7528\u7ea6<\/span>20<\/span>\u9875\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u53ca\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff09\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u8bcd\u6761\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      \n
    • \n\t\t\t\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6982\u8ff0\u90e8\u5206\u5f00\u5b97\u660e\u4e49\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u89c4\u5212\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5386\u7ecf\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u4e0d\u65ad\u9002\u5e94\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u751a\u81f3\u5012\u9000\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5176\u6839\u6e90\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u82f1\u56fd\u4e4b\u65f6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u4ee51944\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5bf9\u65e2\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u4e0e\u5de7\u5999\u6574\u5408\u3002<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4e66\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\uff09\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u5f53\u5c40\uff08L.E.A.\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u90e8\u957f\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u529e\u5b66\u6821\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7763\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7763\u3002<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\t\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4f9d\u636e<\/span>1944<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>primary education<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>secondary
      \n education<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>further education<\/span>\uff09\u4e09\u4e2a\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\t\u591a\u5143\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4e66\u4e2d\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5907\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684<\/span>\u201c11+\u201d<\/span>\u8003\u8bd5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u7b5b\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>grammar school<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>technical school<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u5b66\uff08<\/span>modern school<\/span>\uff09\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e09\u65b9\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u53cc\u8fb9\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>bilateral school<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>comprehensive school<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u65b0\u5174\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\t\u72ec\u7279\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53cc\u8f68\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Dual System<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u624b\u518c\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u201c<\/span>\u53cc\u8f68\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u5f53\u5c40\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u90e1\u7acb\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>county schools<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u7b49\u5fd7\u613f\u56e2\u4f53\u5efa\u7acb\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fd7\u613f\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>voluntary
      \n schools<\/span>\uff09\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\t\u5730\u533a\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8be5\u4e66\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u4e0e\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u53ca\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e66\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    • \n\t\t\u6309\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5728\u6982\u8ff0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u6781\u4e3a\u8be6\u5c3d\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        \n
      • \n\t\t\t\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u6cdb<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u62a5\u544a\uff08\u5982\u54c8\u591a\u62a5\u544a<\/span> Hadow Report<\/span>\u3001\u514b\u52b3\u745f\u62a5\u544a<\/span> Crowther Report<\/span>\uff09\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u4e3b\u9898\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5<\/span> Topic
        \n Method<\/span>\u3001\u6d3b\u52a8\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5<\/span> Activity Methods<\/span>\uff09\uff1b\u4ece\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u89c4\uff08\u5982<\/span>1944<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\uff09\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982\u516c\u5b66<\/span> public school<\/span>\u3001\u9884\u5907\u5b66\u6821<\/span> preparatory school<\/span>\uff09\uff1b\u4ece\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u6d3b\uff08\u5982\u4e09\u4e00\u5b66\u4f4d\u8003\u8bd5<\/span> Tripos<\/span>\uff09\u5230\u5b66\u672f\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u667a\u5546<\/span> Intelligence Quotient<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5305\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\t\u5b9a\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u8be6\u5c3d<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6761\u90fd\u88ab\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u201c\u516c\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u56f4\u7ed5\u5b83\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4f1a\u7528\u201cObs.\u201d\uff08obsolete\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u5176\u5f53\u4e0b\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u901a\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u53c2\u8003\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bcd\u6761\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u659c\u4f53\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n\t\u76ee\u6807\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

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        \n\t