{"id":394,"date":"2025-09-17T09:16:44","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T01:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=394"},"modified":"2025-09-17T09:16:44","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T01:16:44","slug":"%e4%bb%a5%e8%89%b2%e5%88%97%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e6%b0%91%e6%97%8f%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8d%e7%94%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=394","title":{"rendered":"\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u91cd\u751f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u91cd\u751f<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \"\"<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ed5<\/span>\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6208\u8fea\u65af\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u300b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u591a\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u8bed<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6b64\u4e66\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5efa\u56fd\u81f3\u4eca<\/span>\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8bc4\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u8be5\u4e66\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u8bd7\u4eba<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u6784\u6210<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8fd8<\/span>\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5efa\u56fd\u524d\u7684<\/span>\u601d\u60f3\u840c\u82bd\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\u3001\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/b>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u6311\u6218<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86<\/span>\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u7684\u590d\u5174\u3001\u57fa\u5e03\u5179\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d54\u6b3e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/b>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5728\u79d1\u6280\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u5386\u7ecf\u78e8\u96be\u800c\u53c8\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u8c61<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6208\u8fea\u65af\uff08<\/span>Daniel
\nGordis<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u300b\u7531\u738b\u620e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u5b8b\u7acb\u5b8f\u6821\u8bd1\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u548c\u5145\u6ee1\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c<\/span>\u5168\u9762\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u88ab\u524d\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9a7b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5965\u4f26\u8d5e\u8a89\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u6210\u5c31<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u5bb6\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7231\u4e0d\u91ca\u624b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8bc4\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u60c5\u611f\u7ec6\u817b\u3001\u6587\u7b14\u4f18\u7f8e\u3001\u7acb\u573a\u516c\u6b63<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u548c\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u78e8\u96be\u3002\u57c3\u9ed8\u91cc\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5e95\u6ce2\u62c9<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8389\u4e1d\u9edb\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7cbe\u5f69\u3001\u6613\u8bfb\u3001\u7ec6\u817b\u548c\u777f\u667a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u4e1c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u89d2\u843d\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u4e66\u3002\u5854\u5229\u5a05<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5361\u5c14\u7eb3\u5219\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u578b\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u591a\u4e48\u4ee4\u4eba\u4f69\u670d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u51ed\u501f\u65b0\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u548c\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c<\/span>\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u8ff9<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7ea6\u745f\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7279\u62c9\u5174\u91d1\u62c9\u6bd4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u5982\u4f55\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4f7f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d8\u5f97\u660e\u4e86\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4f0a\u5170<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7279\u6d1b\u6069\u5219\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8be5\u4e66<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6d3b\u529b\u56db\u5c04\u3001\u601d\u8def\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u667a\u6167<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u901a\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd8\u7740\u91cd\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ec0\u4e48\u6784\u6210\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u4ee5\u548c\u8c08\u9677\u5165\u50f5\u5c40\u3001\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u65e5\u76ca\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u54c8\u745e\u8fea\u4eba\u62d2\u670d\u5175\u5f79\u3001\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u9762\u4e34\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6208\u8fea\u65af\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77db\u76fe\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\u505a\u4e86\u89c1\u6811\u89c1\u6797\u7684\u4ea4\u4ee3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u540c\u7c7b\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u8fd8\u7279\u522b\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4ee5\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u6b4c\u66f2\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u540c\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6587\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e2d\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7edd\u65e0\u4ec5\u6709\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5b8b\u7acb\u5b8f\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u5982\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u548c\u8d1d\u4eac\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u8d1d\u4eac\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6001\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00 \u4e00\u4e2a\u58ee\u89c2\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6545\u4e8b<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff0c<\/span>\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u4fe1\u5947\u8ff9<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u9a6c\u514b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5410\u6e29\u66fe\u9884\u8a00\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6545\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u575a\u6301\u56de\u5f52\u5148\u7956\u4e4b\u5730\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5982\u6b64\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u5ea6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u516c\u5143<\/span>70<\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\uff0c\u5230<\/span>1948<\/span>\u5e74\u5efa\u56fd\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5386\u7ecf\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9762\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u6050\u6016\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9762\u4e34\u8d22\u653f\u532e\u4e4f\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u8584\u5f31\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u79fb\u6c11\u6d8c\u5165\u7b49\u91cd\u91cd\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u5ea6\u6fd2\u4e34\u8d22\u653f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u8d54\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9010\u6e10\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5730\u533a\u5f3a\u56fd\u548c\u5168\u7403\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u7eb3\u65af\u8fbe\u514b\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\u5c06\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u73b0\u72b6\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9769\u547d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u53cd\u53db\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e2d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u52a8\u3001\u8f6f\u5f31\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u521b\u9020\u80fd\u591f\u638c\u63a7\u81ea\u5df1\u547d\u8fd0\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u6539\u59d3\u6c0f\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u51b3\u5fc3\u5207\u65ad\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u65cf\u91cd\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u9769\u547d\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u91cd\u65b0\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Herzl<\/span>\uff09\u66fe\u5929\u771f\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5e26\u6765\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u80fd\u7ec8\u7ed3\u6b27\u6d32\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u590d\u6742\u800c\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u88d4\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u8896\u73cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u6210\u5c31\u4e0e\u8fc7\u5931\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u8fc7\u5f80\u4e0e\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fe7\u8651\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u65cf\u5bfb\u627e\u5bb6\u56ed<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4ee5\u54c8\u4f0a\u59c6<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7eb3\u8d6b\u66fc<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5229\u514b\uff08<\/span>Haim Nahman Bialik<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u300a\u9e1f\u9882\u300b\u5f00\u7bc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u9996\u8bd7\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7edd\u671b\u3001\u4f24\u611f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u5bb6\u56ed<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u6e34\u671b\u3002\u8bd7\u4eba\u5411\u4e00\u53ea\u4ece\u9521\u5b89\u5f52\u6765\u7684\u5c0f\u9e1f\u8be2\u95ee\u6545\u571f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bf9\u90a3\u7247\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u5148\u7956\u4e4b\u5730\u7684\u6df1\u5207\u5411\u5f80\uff0c\u5e76\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1897<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u897f\u5965\u591a<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u8981<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5960\u5b9a\u5e87\u62a4\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u5bb6\u7684\u57fa\u77f3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u897f\u6b27\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\u66f4\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ecd\u76f8\u4fe1\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6446\u8131\u4ec7\u6068\uff0c\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5308\u7259\u5229\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53e3\u53f7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u53bb\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8bbd\u523a\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5fb7\u96f7\u798f\u65af\u5ba1\u5224\u6848\uff08<\/span>Dreyfus Affair<\/span>\uff09\u8ba9\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u5411\u91d1\u878d\u5bb6\u83ab\u91cc\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d6b\u5e0c\u7537\u7235\u548c\u7f57\u65af\u67f4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5bb6\u65cf\u5bfb\u6c42\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5199\u6210\u4e86\u300a\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u80fd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u52b3\u6c38\u9038\u5730\u89e3\u51b3<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\u2019\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5730\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6216\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u3002\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u575a\u4fe1\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9971\u53d7\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u82e6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4e14\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5efa\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u5bb6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7eb2\u9886\u300b\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e0c\u671b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e3a\u56fd\u6b4c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bbe\u7acb\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u6c11\u57fa\u91d1\u548c\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u9884\u8a00\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\uff0c\u6211\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u56fd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u76f8\u4fe1<\/span>\u201c50<\/span>\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\u6211\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\u5bf9\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u540e\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u5728\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u65b0\u6545\u571f\u300b\u4e2d\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7530\u56ed\u8bd7\u822c\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\uff0c\u6c99\u6f20\u53d8\u5f97\u7e41\u82b1\u4f3c\u9526\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u7766\u76f8\u5904\uff0c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u6545\u571f\u67d0\u5904<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u6545\u571f\u7684\u6df1\u539a\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u6545\u4e8b\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6323\u8131\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u56de\u5230<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e94\u8bb8\u4e4b\u5730<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u800c\u8270\u8f9b\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u5757\u571f\u5730\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u88ab\u5f3a\u654c\u73af\u7ed5\uff0c\u6218\u4e71\u4e0d\u65ad\u3002\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>586<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u5723\u6bbf\u88ab\u6bc1\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u6563\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u6574\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5730<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6d41\u6563\u4e2d\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u653e\u5f03\u56de\u5f52\u6545\u571f\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7977\u544a\u4e2d\u601d\u5ff5\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u7ec8\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u80fd\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7115\u53d1\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c<\/span>19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f7f\u5f97\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u5c06\u65e0\u5bb9\u8eab\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u672c\u80fd\u5730\u6e34\u671b\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bf9\u9521\u5b89\u7684\u61a7\u61ac\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u662f\u5bf9\u8bdd\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff1a\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u65f6\u7684\u5206\u6b67<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66b4\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7f8e\u597d\u672a\u6765\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u5e0c\u6d85\u592b\u96c6\u4f53\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8bd7\u4eba\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5229\u514b\u53d7\u547d\u91c7\u8bbf\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u89c1\u6240\u95fb\u4ee4\u4ed6\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u53f2\u8bd7\u300a\u5c60\u6740\u4e4b\u57ce\u300b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8c34\u8d23\u66b4\u5f92\uff0c\u8fd8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5f02\u5730\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53d1\u706b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u72b9\u592a\u7537\u4eba\u5728\u88ad\u51fb\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u61e6\u5f31\u548c\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6267\u7740\u3002\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5229\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5343\u5e74\u6d41\u6563\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u8150\u8680\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4f20\u7edf\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6467\u6bc1\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6bd2\u7624<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u907f\u96be\u6240\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u521b\u9020<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u66fe\u8003\u8651\u5728\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6216\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe\u5efa\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u5c4a\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u575a\u4fe1\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e8\u5728<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5728\u5148\u7956\u4e4b\u5730\u91cd\u5efa\u5bb6\u56ed<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e0e\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u963f\u54c8\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u59c6\uff08<\/span>Ahad
\nHa’am<\/span>\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6700\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5185\u5728\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e94\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7cbe\u795e\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u56fd\u65e0\u5f02\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c0f\u56fd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u5efa\u7acb\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5e03\u91cc\u7279\u6c99\u6d1b\u59c6\uff08<\/span>Brit
\nShalom<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u547c\u5401\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u653e\u5f03\u5efa\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u76f8\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e0e\u963f\u54c8\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u59c6\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6cfd\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u96c5\u535a\u5ef7\u65af\u57fa\uff08<\/span>Vladimir
\nZe’ev Jabotinsky<\/span>\uff09\u4e3b\u5f20\u901a\u8fc7\u6b66\u529b\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u57fa\u5e0c\u6d85\u592b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d7\u5230\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5e94\u81ea\u536b\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4fee\u6b63\u6d3e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u9752\u5e74\u8fd0\u52a8\u8d1d\u5854\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Betar<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5f3a\u5065\u4f53\u9b44<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u52b3\u5de5\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e9a\u4f26<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5927\u536b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6208\u767b\uff08<\/span>A.D. Gordon<\/span>\uff09\u5219\u63d0\u51fa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5b97\u6559<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u5757\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u9020\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u6df1\u523b\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u57fa\u5e03\u5179\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u56de\u5f52\u5927\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u7528\u53cc\u624b\u52b3\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4f20\u7edf\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u53cd\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u52a8\u56de\u5f52\u5148\u7956\u4e4b\u5730\u662f\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e8\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u8d4e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u503e\u5411\u6df1\u6076\u75db\u7edd\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u7c73\u5179\u814a\u5e0c\uff08<\/span>Mizrachi<\/span>\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u68a6\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u66d9\u5149<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4ee5\u4f0a\u65af\u96f7\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d5e\u683c\u5a01\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Israel
\nZangwill<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6c11\u65cf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8868\u8ff0\u5f00\u7bc7\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5728\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7ba1\u7406\u6df7\u4e71\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u505c\u6ede\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u8d5e\u683c\u5a01\u5c14\u548c\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u90fd\u66fe\u5929\u771f\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5230\u6765\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5f53\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u539f\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u3001\u5b97\u65cf\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u957f\u671f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u963f\u5229\u4e9a\uff08<\/span>Aliyah<\/span>\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\uff09\u59cb\u4e8e<\/span>1882<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1c\u6b27\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u9003\u79bb\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5bfb\u6c42\u5b89\u7a33\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5e0c\u671b\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u65b0\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u6000\u62b1\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u6210\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9521\u5b89\u70ed\u7231\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6bd4\u5362<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u65e7\u4f0a\u4f11\u592b\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4ee5\u6492<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e93\u514b\u62c9\u6bd4\uff08<\/span>Abraham Isaac Kook<\/span>\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f25\u5408\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u72b9\u592a\u4f20\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u53cd\u53db\u6070\u6070\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6e34\u671b\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u57c3\u5229\u6cfd<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u8036\u80e1\u8fbe\uff08<\/span>Eliezer Ben-Yehuda<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u4e4b\u7236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8ba9\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u91cd\u65b0\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u8bed\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ea\u8bf4\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f0a\u4f11\u592b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u666e\u901a\u79fb\u6c11\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u610f\u7b2c\u7eea\u8bed\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u662f\u5bf9\u795e\u5723\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4eb5\u6e0e\uff0c\u5bf9\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u8036\u80e1\u8fbe\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9762\u4e34\u91cd\u91cd\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u8036\u80e1\u8fbe\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u529f\u590d\u6d3b\u4e86\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u5f00\u59cb\u8bf4\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6587\u5b66\u4e5f\u5728\u4f0a\u4f11\u592b\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6cfd\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u96c5\u7ef4\u8328\uff08<\/span>Ze’ev
\nYavetz<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6492\u6bcd\u8033<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\uff08\u6c99\u4f0a\uff09<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6070\u5947\u514b\u65af\uff08<\/span>Samuel Yosef (Shai) Agnon<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u4f5c\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u4f5c\u54c1\u63a2\u8ba8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u867d\u7136\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u9650\u5236\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8d2d\u4e70\u571f\u5730\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4ecd\u80fd\u5408\u6cd5\u8d2d\u4e70\u571f\u5730\u3002\u7f57\u65af\u67f4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7537\u7235\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u4f0a\u4f11\u592b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u79fb\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u8270\u82e6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u62e9\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u57fa\u5e03\u5179\u548c\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u7b49\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u963f\u5229\u4e9a\uff08<\/span>1904-1914<\/span>\uff09\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7ea6<\/span>4<\/span>\u4e07\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u5e03\u5179\u5fb7\u52a0\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff08<\/span>Degania<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u81ea\u536b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u96c5\u6cd5\u90ca\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u3002\u7ea6\u745f\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u4f0a\u59c6<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\uff08<\/span>Yosef Haim
\nBrenner<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5145\u6ee1\u60b2\u89c2\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d41\u6563\u53ea\u662f\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5730\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6323\u624e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u57fa\u5e03\u5179\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u96c6\u4f53\u8d23\u4efb\u548c<\/span>A.D.<\/span>\u6208\u767b\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u52b3\u52a8\u89c2\u5ff5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u62c9\u4ea5\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u585e\u62c9<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e03\u52b3\u65af\u5766\uff08<\/span>Rachel Bluwstein<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u65e2\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u57fa\u5e03\u5179\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57fa\u5e03\u5179\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5219\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u5728\u4f0a\u4f11\u592b\u5360\u636e\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u6210\u5c31\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff1a\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u72b9\u592a\u56fd<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u9762\u4e34\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u662f\u652f\u6301\u540c\u76df\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u3002\u96c5\u535a\u5ef7\u65af\u57fa\u575a\u4fe1\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u5c06\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u652f\u6301\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u547c\u5401\u7ec4\u5efa\u72b9\u592a\u6218\u58eb\u5e2e\u52a9\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u5f81\u670d\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5730\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u7ea6\u745f\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7279\u4f26\u4f69\u5c14\u591a\uff08<\/span>Joseph Trumpeldor<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u540c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u5b98\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4ea8\u5229<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\uff08<\/span>John Henry
\nPatterson<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6307\u6325\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u9521\u5b89\u9aa1\u9a6c\u961f\uff08<\/span>Zion Mule Corps<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u54c8\u4f0a\u59c6<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9b4f\u8328\u66fc\uff08<\/span>Chaim
\nWeizmann<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff08\u4e19\u916e\u5236\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u548c\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u9ad8\u5b98\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5c06\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\uff08<\/span>Balfour<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e89\u53d6\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1916<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u6cd5\u79d8\u5bc6\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u8d5b\u514b\u65af<\/span>–<\/span>\u76ae\u79d1\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\uff08<\/span>Sykes-Picot Agreement<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u74dc\u5206\uff0c\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5747\u672a\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6fc0\u5316\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5355\u72ec\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5c3c\u91cc\uff08<\/span>Nili<\/span>\uff09\u95f4\u8c0d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e9a\u4f26\u677e\u5144\u59b9\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u5458\u8428\u62c9<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4e9a\u4f26\u677e\uff08<\/span>Sarah Aaronsohn<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5927\u65e0\u754f\u7cbe\u795e\u5728\u4f0a\u4f11\u592b\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f20\u9882\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1917<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>11<\/span>\u6708<\/span>2<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5927\u81e3\u4e9a\u745f<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u81f4\u4fe1\u7f57\u65af\u67f4\u5c14\u5fb7\u52cb\u7235\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u82f1\u738b\u965b\u4e0b\u653f\u5e9c\u8d5e\u6210\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5bb6\u56ed<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u9996\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5ba3\u8a00\u5185\u5bb9\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u672a\u660e\u786e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u5bb6\u56ed<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u548c\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u4fb5\u72af\u73b0\u6709\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u56e2\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u5bb6\u56ed<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u4e24\u5cb8\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6574\u4e2a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5730\u533a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5ba3\u8a00\u53d1\u8868\u516d\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u3002\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5927\u5b66\u4e5f\u5728<\/span>1918<\/span>\u5e74\u5960\u57fa\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u4f0a\u4f11\u592b\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u4e2d\u59cb\u7ec8\u5360\u636e\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u963f\u5229\u4e9a\uff08<\/span>1919-1923<\/span>\uff09\u5e26\u6765\u4e86<\/span>3.5<\/span>\u4e07\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79ef\u6781\u5efa\u8bbe\u5efa\u56fd\u524d\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u6280\u672f\u3001\u6cbc\u6cfd\u5730\u6539\u9020\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u663e\u8457\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u6885\u7eb3\u8d6b\u59c6<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4e4c\u4ec0\u91d1\uff08<\/span>Menachem Ussishkin<\/span>\uff09\u575a\u6301\u9ad8\u4ef7\u8d2d\u4e70\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u518d\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e5f\u5212\u7b97<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1920<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0a\u4f11\u592b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u4f0a\u4f11\u592b\u4e8e<\/span>1921<\/span>\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u536b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u54c8\u52a0\u7eb3\uff08<\/span>Haganah<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5927\u81e3\u6e29\u65af\u987f<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Winston Churchill<\/span>\uff09\u5728<\/span>1921<\/span>\u5e74\u5c06\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u4e1c\u5cb8\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5916\u7ea6\u65e6\uff0c\u4f7f\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u9884\u671f\u3002\u96c5\u535a\u5ef7\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u300a\u94c1\u5899\u300b\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u94c1\u5899<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5bf9\u6297\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u59a5\u534f\u3002<\/span>1929<\/span>\u5e74\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f26\u66b4\u4e71\u4e2d\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u56e2\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u54c8\u52a0\u7eb3\u53d1\u5c55\u51c6\u519b\u4e8b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5949\u884c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u514b\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u65e0\u5904\u53ef\u53bb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u79bb\u5f00<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1925<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff08<\/span>Hitler<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u300a\u6211\u7684\u594b\u6597\u300b\u4e2d\u5ba3\u79f0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a7\u5236\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u89c6\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u3002<\/span>1933<\/span>\u5e74\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u536b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\uff08<\/span>David Ben-Gurion<\/span>\uff09\u9884\u8a00\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u5fb7\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u963f\u7f57\u4f50\u7f57\u592b\uff08<\/span>Arlosoroff<\/span>\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u300a\u54c8\u74e6\u62c9\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff08<\/span>Haavara Agreement<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8f6c\u79fb\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u4ea7\u5230\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u5546\u54c1\u5f00\u62d3\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u5f15\u53d1\u5de8\u5927\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u963f\u7f57\u4f50\u7f57\u592b\u56e0\u6b64\u5728<\/span>1933<\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u6697\u6740\u3002\u867d\u7136\u51f6\u624b\u672a\u88ab\u5224\u5211\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5185\u90e8\u56e0\u653f\u89c1\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u81ea\u76f8\u6b8b\u6740\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6b27\u6d32\u5c40\u52bf\u6076\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff0c<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>30<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6210\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5730<\/span> [9<\/span>\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e<\/span>1939<\/span>\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u300b\uff08<\/span>White Paper<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u8bfa<\/span>10<\/span>\u5e74\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u6c89\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u88ab\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u8d77\u540c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6ca1\u6709\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53cd\u5bf9\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6ca1\u6709\u6218\u4e89\u4e00\u6837<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u519b\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u70b8\u6bc1\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u4f0a\u4f11\u592b\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5206\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u5730\u6e05\u6d17\u6b27\u6d32\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u6885\u7eb3\u8d6b\u59c6<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d1d\u4eac\uff08<\/span>Menachem Begin<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u547c\u5401\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u62ef\u6551\u6b27\u6d32\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002<\/span>1946<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0a\u5c14\u8d21\uff08<\/span>Irgun<\/span>\uff09\u8f70\u70b8\u5927\u536b\u738b\u9152\u5e97\uff08<\/span>King David Hotel<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u9020\u6210<\/span>91<\/span>\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5f3a\u70c8\u8c34\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1947<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>181<\/span>\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5206\u6cbb\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u603b\u7edf\u4ecd\u65bd\u538b\u652f\u6301\u5206\u6cbb\u51b3\u8bae\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5efa\u56fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u65ad\u7136\u62d2\u7edd\u5206\u6cbb\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u968f\u5373\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u62ff\u5355<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5965\u5c14\u7279\u66fc\uff08<\/span>Natan Alterman<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u300a\u94f6\u76d8\u300b\u6697\u793a\u5efa\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6d41\u8840\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u72ec\u7acb\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bde\u751f<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1947<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>11<\/span>\u6708\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6cbb\u51b3\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u96f6\u661f\u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u5e76\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u54c8\u52a0\u7eb3\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6218\u58eb\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u90e8\u961f\u4f5c\u6218\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684<\/span>\u201cD<\/span>\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u65e8\u5728\u8d76\u8d70\u5927\u91cf\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u6885\u5384\u592b\u4eba\uff08<\/span>Golda Meir<\/span>\uff09\u66fe\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5c45\u6c11\u5f03\u57ce\u800c\u9003\u8868\u793a\u540c\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1948<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>5<\/span>\u6708<\/span>14<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c<\/span>\u5927\u536b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u5728\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u72ec\u7acb<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u5e76\u975e\u795e\u5b66\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u78d0\u77f3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u63aa\u8f9e\u517c\u987e\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u3002\u5ba3\u8a00\u5f3a\u8c03\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa\u4ee5\u8272\u5217<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c06\u628a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5148\u77e5\u6240\u61a7\u61ac\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u539f\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7acb\u56fd\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u90a6\u53ca\u5176\u4eba\u6c11<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f38\u51fa\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u548c\u7766\u3001\u53cb\u90a6\u4e4b\u624b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5ba3\u8a00\u627f\u8bfa\u5168\u4f53\u516c\u6c11<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u5206\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u4eab\u6709\u6700\u5145\u5206\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5e73\u7b49\u6743<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba9\u6885\u7eb3\u8d6b\u59c6<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d1d\u4eac\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e0a\u7b7e\u5b57\u3002\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u8272\u5217<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u96c5\u5404\uff08<\/span>Jacob<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u795e\u548c\u4eba\u89d2\u529b\u540e\u5f97\u80dc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u9884\u8a00\u72ec\u7acb\u65e5\u6b22\u5e86\u540e\u5c06\u662f\u6d41\u8840\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9762\u5bf9\u7ea6\u65e6\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u3001\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u548c\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u4e94\u4e2a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u519b\u961f\u3002\u96c5\u4e01\uff08<\/span>Yadin<\/span>\uff09\u5c06\u519b\u56de\u5fc6\u5f53\u65f6\u5f62\u52bf\u5371\u6025\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u5c31\u8981\u7834\u706d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5728\u62c9\u7279\u4f26\uff08<\/span>Latrun<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u635f\u5931\u60e8\u91cd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u4e3a\u56fd\u6350\u8eaf\u3002\u7ea6\u65e6\u519b\u961f\u653b\u9677\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u8001\u57ce\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u533a\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u5723\u57ce\uff0c\u897f\u5899\u88ab\u4eb5\u6e0e\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u519b\u961f\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6ec7\u7f05\u516c\u8def<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e3a\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u8fd0\u9001\u7269\u8d44\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u52e4\u594b\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u81ea\u5236\u8feb\u51fb\u70ae<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6234\u7ef4\u5fb7\u5361<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Davidka<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5de8\u5927\u58f0\u54cd\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6c11\u4f17\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u6050\u614c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e3a\u4e86\u91cd\u6574\u519b\u5907\uff0c\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u4e8e<\/span>5<\/span>\u6708<\/span>26<\/span>\u65e5\u5ba3\u5e03\u6210\u7acb<\/span>\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u9632\u519b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u6b66\u88c5\u56e2\u4f53\u505c\u6b62\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4f0a\u5c14\u8d21\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u963f\u5c14\u5854\u83b1\u7eb3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u53f7\uff08<\/span>Altalena<\/span>\uff09\u8fd0\u8f7d\u6b66\u5668\u62b5\u8fbe\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff0c\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u547d\u4ee4\u51fb\u6c89\u8be5\u8239\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u8d1d\u4eac\u8981\u6c42\u4f0a\u5c14\u8d21\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u5f97\u5411\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5f00\u706b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5168\u9762\u5185\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u519b\u961f\u5fc5\u987b\u7f6e\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5229\u8fbe\uff08<\/span>Lydda<\/span>\uff09\u4e89\u593a\u6218\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4e89\u8bae\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4e3b\u6d41\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4f24\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u5f52\u5c5e\u5b58\u5728\u6fc0\u70c8\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u5965\u5c14\u7279\u66fc\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u300a\u5361\u52d2\u300b\uff08<\/span>Kareth<\/span>\uff09\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4e11\u6076\uff0c\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u611f\u8c22\u5176<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u611f\u67d3\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u52a0\u5370<\/span>10<\/span>\u4e07\u4efd\u53d1\u7ed9\u6218\u58eb\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u5224\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u7ea6<\/span>70<\/span>\u4e07\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bd5\u56fe\u6d88\u706d\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u65f6\u8ba8\u8bba\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u5c06\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u7b79\u7801\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0 \u4ece\u5efa\u56fd\u4e4b\u68a6\u5230\u5efa\u56fd\u4e4b\u8def<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1949<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>1<\/span>\u6708<\/span>25<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u9996\u6b21\u62e5\u6709\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\u3002\u6781\u7aef\u6b63\u7edf\u6d3e\u62c9\u6bd4\u6469\u897f<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8036\u5e93\u8482\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\uff08<\/span>Moshe
\nYekutiel Albert<\/span>\uff09\u6fc0\u52a8\u5730\u5c06\u6295\u7968\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6700\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4e00\u523b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u9a6c\u5e15\u4f0a\u515a\uff08<\/span>Mapai<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u515a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1949<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>8<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u7684\u9057\u9ab8\u88ab\u8fd0\u56de\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5b89\u846c\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5c71\u9876\uff0c<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\u524d\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u656c\u610f\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u65d7\u5219\u9009\u7528\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\uff0c\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u7948\u7977\u62ab\u5dfe\uff08<\/span>tallit<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e16\u4fd7\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u907f\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span>1949<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>2<\/span>\u6708<\/span>14<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u54c8\u4f0a\u59c6<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9b4f\u8328\u66fc\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u9f13\u821e\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9762\u4e34<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6d41\u6563\u5730\u4e07\u6c11\u56de\u5f52<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7b49\u5730\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u4e5f\u95e8\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9b54\u6bef\u884c\u52a8<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u5b89\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4f\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u8425\u5730\u548c\u8fc7\u6e21\u8425\uff08<\/span>ma’abarot<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fc7\u6e21\u8425\u95ee\u9898\u6210\u4e3a\u4e1c\u65b9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff08<\/span>Mizrahim<\/span>\uff09\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u6e29\u5e8a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5e95\u5c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u6295\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u6e90\u53d1\u5c55\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u793e\u56e2\u91cd\u89c6\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u5e26\u6709\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u4e49\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6839\u57fa\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u68a6\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u95f4\u6e23\u6ed3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u5851\u9020\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u867d\u7136\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u4f46\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u4e5f\u4f1a\u65bd\u538b\u5f71\u54cd\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e5f\u95e8\u79fb\u6c11\u513f\u7ae5\u88ab\u9001\u7ed9\u963f\u4ec0\u80af\u7eb3\u5179\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u629a\u517b\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5e95\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u8d70\u5411\u6781\u7aef\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u6781\u7aef\u6b63\u7edf\u6d3e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff08<\/span>Haredim<\/span>\uff09\u62d2\u7edd\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u5e72\u9884\u4e0a\u5e1d\u884c\u4e3a\u4e14\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4e16\u4fd7\u3002\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4ece\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u53d8\u4e3a\u6a21\u7cca\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u8c34\u8d23\u4e16\u4fd7\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u591a\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u540c\u610f\u514d\u9664\u54c8\u745e\u8fea\u4eba\u7684\u5175\u5f79\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u540e\u6765\u4eba\u6570\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u5a01\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a<\/span>15.6<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u591a\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u590d\u6742\u3002\u519b\u4e8b\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u76f4\u5230<\/span>1966<\/span>\u5e74\u624d\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u672a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6df1\u611f\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002\u96c5\u5404<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e03\u52b3\u65af\u5766\uff08<\/span>Jacob Blaustein<\/span>\uff09\u660e\u786e\u8868\u793a\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u70ed\u7231\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u4e8e\u6d41\u6563\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5728\u516d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u6709\u6240\u5347\u6e29\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u79fb\u6c11\u4ece\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0 \u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u767b\u4e0a\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9762\u4e34\u5468\u8fb9\u654c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u8d8a\u5883\u88ad\u51fb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u4e8e<\/span>1953<\/span>\u5e74\u521d\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u7531\u963f\u91cc\u57c3\u52d2<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6c99\u9f99\uff08<\/span>Ariel Sharon<\/span>\uff09\u6307\u6325\u7684\u7cbe\u9510\u90e8\u961f<\/span>101<\/span>\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u5feb\u901f\u62a5\u590d\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u51ef\u6bd4\u4e9a\u6751\uff08<\/span>Qibya<\/span>\uff09\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>101<\/span>\u90e8\u961f\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5e73\u6c11\u4f24\u4ea1\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u8c34\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tS.<\/span>\u4f0a\u624e\u5c14\uff08<\/span>S. Yizhar<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u8d6b\u8d1d\u8d6b\u6cfd\u300b\uff08<\/span>Hirbet Hiz’ah<\/span>\uff09\u63cf\u5199\u4e86<\/span>1948<\/span>\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u519b\u961f\u5bf9\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u5224\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6885\u5384<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u5c14<\/span>–<\/span>\u9f50\u6602\uff08<\/span>Meir Har-Zion<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u6218\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u62a5\u590d\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8bfa\u5c14\u9053\uff08<\/span>Nordau<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5229\u514b\u5021\u5bfc\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6469\u897f<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8fbe\u626c\uff08<\/span>Moshe Dayan<\/span>\uff09\u5728<\/span>1953<\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7740\u624b\u6539\u7ec4\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u751f\u754f\u7684\u519b\u961f\u3002\u8fbe\u626c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8ba9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u523b\u51c6\u5907\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u7528\u5723\u7ecf\u5178\u6545\u6765\u5f3a\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u57c3\u53ca\u603b\u7edf\u7eb3\u8d5b\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Gamal Abdel Nasser<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u519b\u706b\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u3002<\/span>1956<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7eb3\u8d5b\u5c14\u5c06\u82cf\u4f0a\u58eb\u8fd0\u6cb3\u6536\u5f52\u56fd\u6709\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u4ee5\u4e09\u56fd\u7684\u6124\u6012\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371\uff0c\u7eb3\u8d5b\u5c14\u626c\u8a00\u8981\u6d88\u706d\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1956<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>10<\/span>\u6708<\/span>29<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u519b\u961f\u5f00\u8fdb\u897f\u5948\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5207\u65ad\u57c3\u53ca\u7a7a\u519b\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u9646\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u7a7a\u964d\u5175\u5728\u6c99\u9f99\u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\u5360\u9886\u6218\u7565\u8981\u5730\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u8f70\u70b8\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\u673a\u573a\u3002\u7f8e\u82cf\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6700\u7ec8\u8feb\u4f7f\u4e09\u56fd\u64a4\u519b\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u635f\u5931\u4e86<\/span>231<\/span>\u540d\u6218\u58eb\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u4f24\u4ea1\u66f4\u4e3a\u60e8\u91cd\u3002\u897f\u5948\u6218\u5f79\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u83b7\u5f97\u8482\u6717\u6d77\u5ce1\uff08<\/span>Straits of
\nTiran<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u822a\u6743\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u679c\u5c14\u8fbe<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6885\u5384\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5979\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u80fd\u4e3a\u521a\u521a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u79d1\u6280\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u6c11\u65cf\u590d\u5174\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0 \u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u76f4\u9762\u5927\u5c60\u6740<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1960<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6469\u8428\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Mossad<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u902e\u6355\u4e86\u963f\u9053\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u827e\u5e0c\u66fc\uff08<\/span>Adolf Eichmann<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7eb3\u7cb9\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53d7\u5ba1\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8c34\u8d23\u3002\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u4e0d\u987e\u56fd\u9645\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5ba1\u5224\u827e\u5e0c\u66fc\u3002\u6885\u7eb3\u8d6b\u59c6<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d1d\u4eac\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u63a5\u53d7\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d54\u6b3e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4f1a\u62b9\u6740\u72b9\u592a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u795e\u5723\u611f\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u548c\u4f1a\u573a\u5916\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d54\u6b3e\u6700\u7ec8\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u82cf\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d54\u6b3e\u8fd8\u610f\u5916\u5730\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u89c6\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u6b64\u524d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u75db\u82e6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u56de\u907f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5361\u65af\u7279\u7eb3\u5ba1\u5224\uff08<\/span>Kastner trial<\/span>\uff09\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u9c81\u9053\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5361\u65af\u7279\u7eb3\uff08<\/span>Rudolf Kastner<\/span>\uff09\u56e0\u5728\u6218\u65f6\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4ea4\u6613\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u751f\u5b58\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u5ba1\u5224\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u575a\u4fe1\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9700\u8981\u6838\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ec8\u7ed3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u611f\u3002\u5728\u897f\u8499<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4f69\u96f7\u65af\uff08<\/span>Shimon Peres<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8fea\u83ab\u7eb3\uff08<\/span>Dimona<\/span>\uff09\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fbe\u6210\u79d8\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\u62e5\u6709\u6838\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u827e\u5e0c\u66fc\u5ba1\u5224\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6b64\u524d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u751a\u81f3\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u5ba1\u5224\u8bc1\u8bcd\u8ba9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u4e3a\u4f55\u672a\u80fd\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e5f\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u56e2\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u53e4\u91cc\u5b89\u6307\u8d23\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u9762\u4e34<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u540c\u5316\u6df1\u6e0a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u6539\u53d8\u56fd\u5bb6\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u516d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1967<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u516d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5e02\u957f\u6cf0\u8fea<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u79d1\u52d2\u514b\uff08<\/span>Teddy Kollek<\/span>\uff09\u9080\u8bf7\u62ff\u4fc4\u7c73<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u820d\u83ab\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Naomi Shemer<\/span>\uff09\u521b\u4f5c\u6b4c\u66f2\uff0c\u820d\u83ab\u5c14\u7684\u300a\u91d1\u8272\u7684\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u300b\uff08<\/span>Jerusalem of Gold<\/span>\uff09\u8fc5\u901f\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u88ab\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u601d\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1967<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>5<\/span>\u6708<\/span>13<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u5728\u897f\u5948\u534a\u5c9b\u90e8\u7f72\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c01\u9501\u8482\u6717\u6d77\u5ce1\uff0c\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u901a\u5f80\u7ea2\u6d77\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u822a\u9053\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u7d27\u5f20\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u54c8\u59c6\u5854\u7eb3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>hamtanah<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7b49\u5f85<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u603b\u7406\u5217\u7ef4<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u827e\u5e0c\u79d1\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Levi Eshkol<\/span>\uff09\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7ed3\u5df4\u6f14\u8bb2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4f7f\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u5931\u53bb\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u519b\u65b9\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6309\u5175\u4e0d\u52a8\u6df1\u611f\u5931\u671b\u3002\u7ea6\u65e6\u56fd\u738b\u4faf\u8d5b\u56e0\uff08<\/span>Hussein<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u4e0e\u57c3\u53ca\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5171\u540c\u9632\u5fa1\u6761\u7ea6\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u62d2\u7edd\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\uff08<\/span>Charles
\nde Gaulle<\/span>\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u7981\u6b62\u5411\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u51fa\u552e\u6b66\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1967<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>6<\/span>\u6708<\/span>5<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5148\u53d1\u5236\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u57c3\u53ca\u7a7a\u519b\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\u7a7a\u519b\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5728\u52a0\u6c99\u5730\u5e26\u548c\u897f\u5948\u534a\u5c9b\u8fc5\u901f\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002<\/span>6<\/span>\u6708<\/span>6<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u519b\u961f\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e0e\u7ea6\u65e6\u519b\u961f\u5c55\u5f00\u6fc0\u6218\uff0c\u83ab\u5854<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u53e4\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Motta Gur<\/span>\uff09\u5c06\u519b\u5e26\u9886\u7a7a\u964d\u90e8\u961f\u653b\u5165\u8001\u57ce\uff0c<\/span>\u5ba3\u5e03<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5723\u6bbf\u5c71\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u4e0a<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ec0\u6d1b\u83ab<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6208\u4f26\uff08<\/span>Shlomo Goren<\/span>\uff09\u62c9\u6bd4\u5728\u897f\u5899\u524d\u5439\u54cd\u7f8a\u89d2\u53f7\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5343\u5e74\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5723\u5730\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5230<\/span>6<\/span>\u6708<\/span>7<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u7ea6\u65e6\u519b\u961f\u5df2\u88ab\u51fb\u6e83\u3002<\/span>6<\/span>\u6708<\/span>9<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u519b\u961f\u653b\u5360\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u6208\u5170\u9ad8\u5730\u3002<\/span>6<\/span>\u6708<\/span>10<\/span>\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348<\/span>6<\/span>\u70b9<\/span>30<\/span>\u5206\uff0c\u516d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u4f7f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e0d\u4ec5\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u9a84\u50b2\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u70ed\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0 \u5360\u9886\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8d1f<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u516d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5185\u90e8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u62ff\u5355<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5965\u5c14\u7279\u66fc\u7b49\u9e70\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u610f\u5473\u7740<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5730<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba9\u6b65\u3002\u800c\u8036\u6c99\u4e9a\u80e1<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u96f7\u535a\u7ef4\u8328\uff08<\/span>Yeshayahu Leibowitz<\/span>\uff09\u6559\u6388\u5219\u4e3b\u5f20\u7acb\u5373\u4ece\u5360\u9886\u571f\u5730\u64a4\u79bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u62ef\u6551\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f02\u65cf\u4eba\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5b97\u6559\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u5179\u7ef4<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8036\u80e1\u8fbe<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e93\u514b\u62c9\u6bd4\uff08<\/span>Zvi Yehuda Kook<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u91cd\u65b0\u5e26\u5165\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6447\u7bee<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u64a4\u79bb\u3002\u54c8\u5357<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6ce2\u62c9\u7279\uff08<\/span>Hanan Porat<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u53d1\u8d77\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u53e4\u4ec0\u57c3\u9f50\u7fc1\uff08<\/span>Gush
\nEtzion<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u3002\u4f0a\u52a0\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u9686\uff08<\/span>Yigal Allon<\/span>\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u963f\u9686\u65b9\u6848<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Allon Plan<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u957f\u671f\u5360\u9886\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u8c37\u548c\u4e1c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7b49\u6218\u7565\u8981\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6848\u88ab\u7ea6\u65e6\u56fd\u738b\u4faf\u8d5b\u56e0\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6885\u5384<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u91cc\u57c3\u52d2\uff08<\/span>Meir Ariel<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u300a\u94a2\u94c1\u7684\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u300b\uff08<\/span>Iron Jerusalem<\/span>\uff09\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u94c5\u4e00\u822c\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u300a\u58eb\u5175\u8c08\u8bdd\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u53c2\u6218\u58eb\u5175\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u516d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6218\u8d25\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7a7a\u524d\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u9a6c\u54c8\u8302\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8fbe\u5c14\u7ef4\u4ec0\uff08<\/span>Mahmoud Darwish<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u601d\u4e61\u4e4b\u60c5\u548c\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u6124\u6012\u3002<\/span>1967<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>9<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u76df\u5728\u5580\u571f\u7a46\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5ba3\u5e03<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u3001\u4e0d\u548c\u89e3\u3001\u4e0d\u8c08\u5224<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e09\u4e0d\u539f\u5219<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0 \u8d4e\u7f6a\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6784\u60f3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5fc3\u6001\u7834\u88c2<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u516d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86<\/span>\u5df4<\/span>–<\/span>\u5217\u592b\u9632\u7ebf<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Bar-Lev Line<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5357\u65b9\u8fb9\u5883\u575a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6467\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u6c99\u9f99\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u57c3\u53ca\u603b\u7edf\u7eb3\u8d5b\u5c14\u53d1\u52a8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6d88\u8017\u6218<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>1969-1970<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u6536\u590d\u5931\u5730\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u635f\u5931\u60e8\u91cd\u3002\u7eb3\u8d5b\u5c14\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u5b89\u74e6\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8428\u8fbe\u7279\uff08<\/span>Anwar Sadat<\/span>\uff09\u7ee7\u4efb\uff0c\u4ed6\u9a71\u9010\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u603b\u7edf\u54c8\u83f2\u5179<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u8428\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Hafez al-Assad<\/span>\uff09\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u653b\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8428\u8fbe\u7279\u5bfb\u6c42\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u6062\u590d\u57c3\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u51b2\u7834\u5df4<\/span>–<\/span>\u5217\u592b\u9632\u7ebf\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5bf9\u5730\u533a\u5f62\u52bf\u53d8\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdf\u949d\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6784\u60f3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>conceptzia<\/span>\uff09\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57c3\u53ca\u4e0d\u6562\u5f00\u6218\uff0c\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8\u4e5f\u9519\u8bef\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e86\u5f00\u6218\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1973<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>10<\/span>\u6708<\/span>6<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u8d4e\u7f6a\u65e5\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53d1\u52a8\u7a81\u7136\u88ad\u51fb\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u519b\u961f\u63aa\u624b\u4e0d\u53ca\uff0c\u5934\u4e24\u5929\u635f\u5931\u60e8\u91cd\uff0c\u5df4<\/span>–<\/span>\u5217\u592b\u9632\u7ebf\u88ab\u51b2\u7834\u3002\u6885\u5384\u592b\u4eba\u5411\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u603b\u7edf\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5e76\u6697\u793a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9762\u4e34\u4ea1\u56fd\u5371\u9669\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b66\u5668\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u91c7\u53d6<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5148\u5317\u540e\u5357<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u51fb\u9000\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u52a8\u53cd\u653b\uff0c\u6e21\u8fc7\u82cf\u4f0a\u58eb\u8fd0\u6cb3\uff0c\u5305\u56f4\u57c3\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e09\u519b\u56e2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t10<\/span>\u6708<\/span>22<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>338<\/span>\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u53cc\u65b9\u505c\u706b\u3002<\/span>10<\/span>\u6708<\/span>24<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u505c\u706b\u534f\u8bae\u6b63\u5f0f\u751f\u6548\u3002\u8d4e\u7f6a\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u6301\u7eed<\/span>16<\/span>\u5929\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u635f\u5931<\/span>2656<\/span>\u540d\u6218\u58eb\uff0c<\/span>7250<\/span>\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24\uff0c\u662f<\/span>1967<\/span>\u5e74\u6b7b\u4f24\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u4e09\u500d\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u6218\u65e0\u4e0d\u80dc\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6784\u60f3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u9636\u5c42\u5931\u53bb\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u9065\u9065\u65e0\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u5b64\u7acb\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff0c\u4e9a\u897f\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u62c9\u6cd5\u7279\uff08<\/span>Yasser Arafat<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u6a44\u6984\u679d\u548c\u624b\u67aa\u300b\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u547c\u5401<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9\u6a44\u6984\u679d\u4ece\u6211\u624b\u4e2d\u6ed1\u843d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u6697\u793a\u66b4\u529b\u3002<\/span>1975<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>3379<\/span>\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u975e\u6cd5\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0 \u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u590d\u4ec7<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>70<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e50\u575b\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u963f\u4ec0\u80af\u7eb3\u5179\uff08<\/span>Ashkenazi<\/span>\uff09\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u800c<\/span>\u4e1c\u65b9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Mizrahim<\/span>\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u88d4\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff09\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u504f\u8fdc\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u8425\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5145\u6ee1\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<\/span>1971<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ed1\u8c79\u515a<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Black Panthers<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e1c\u65b9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5931\u671b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1977<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8d4e\u7f6a\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4f59\u6ce2\u548c\u603b\u7406\u62c9\u5bbe\uff08<\/span>Rabin<\/span>\uff09\u56e0\u6d77\u5916\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u4e11\u95fb\u8f9e\u804c\u540e\uff0c<\/span>\u6885\u7eb3\u8d6b\u59c6<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d1d\u4eac\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5229\u5e93\u5fb7\u96c6\u56e2<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Likud<\/span>\uff09\u8d62\u5f97\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u5de5\u515a\u957f\u8fbe\u8fd1<\/span>30<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9769\u547d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8d1d\u4eac\u4e0e\u4e1c\u65b9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6df1\u539a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f0a\u5c14\u8d21\uff08<\/span>Irgun<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u56e2\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7740\u88c5\u53cd\u800c\u7ed9\u5317\u975e\u79fb\u6c11\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u597d\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u8d1d\u4eac\u7684\u4e0a\u53f0\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u91cd\u65b0\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d1d\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span>1977<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>11<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u603b\u7edf\u8428\u8fbe\u7279\u5ba3\u5e03\u613f\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u8d1d\u4eac\u9080\u8bf7\u8428\u8fbe\u7279\u8bbf\u95ee\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u5730\u62e5\u62b1\uff0c\u62c9\u5f00\u4e86\u57c3\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\u3002\u8c08\u5224\u5728\u5409\u7c73<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5361\u7279\uff08<\/span>Jimmy Carter<\/span>\uff09\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8e\u6234\u7ef4\u8425\uff08<\/span>Camp David<\/span>\uff09\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8270\u96be\u800c\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8d1d\u4eac\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u897f\u5948\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5bf9\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span>1978<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>9<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u6234\u7ef4\u8425\u548c\u5e73\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u8d1d\u4eac\u548c\u8428\u8fbe\u7279\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u5e73\u5956\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u548c\u5e73\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7b7e\u7f72\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u5730\u7531\u53f3\u7ffc\u603b\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u53f3\u7ffc\u5728\u672a\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d1d\u4eac\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u7ffb\u500d\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u72b9\u5730\u4e9a\u548c\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1981<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7a7a\u519b\u8f70\u70b8\u4e86\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u5965\u65af\u62c9\u514b\uff08<\/span>Osirak<\/span>\uff09\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff0c\u8d1d\u4eac\u575a\u4fe1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u8bd5\u56fe\u6d88\u706d\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u7684\u4faf\u8d5b\u56e0\uff08<\/span>Hussein<\/span>\uff09\u62e5\u6709\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u884c\u52a8\u867d\u7136\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u906d\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u8c34\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>70<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u89e3\u653e\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08<\/span>PLO<\/span>\uff09\u4ee5\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u5357\u90e8\u4e3a\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53d1\u52a8\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>1972<\/span>\u5e74\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u88ad\u51fb\u548c<\/span>1976<\/span>\u5e74\u6069\u5fb7\u57f9\u52ab\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span>1978<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6cbf\u6d77\u516c\u8def\u52ab\u6301\u516c\u4ea4\u8f66\uff0c\u9020\u6210<\/span>38<\/span>\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53d1\u8d77<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5229\u5854\u5c3c\u884c\u52a8<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u53cd\u51fb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1982<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u88ad\u51fb\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u8d1d\u4eac\u6df1\u611f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u9632\u7a7a\u6d1e\u4e2d\u62c5\u60ca\u53d7\u6015\uff0c\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u8877\u3002\u4ed6\u51b3\u5b9a\u53d1\u52a8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u52a0\u5229\u5229\u548c\u5e73\u884c\u52a8<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5165\u4fb5\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6276\u690d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u957f\u67aa\u515a\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u5df4\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u5f88\u5feb\u504f\u79bb\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u519b\u961f\u5305\u56f4\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u4f24\u4ea1\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u6cd5\u7279\u5229\u7528\u5a92\u4f53\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u9645\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u5df4\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u8feb\u64a4\u79bb\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u3002<\/span>1982<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>9<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u957f\u67aa\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5df4\u5e0c\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6770\u9a6c\u8036\u52d2\uff08<\/span>Bashir Gemayel<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u523a\u6740\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u548c\u5e73\u8ba1\u5212\u843d\u7a7a\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u957f\u67aa\u515a\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u7684\u63a9\u62a4\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8428\u5e03\u62c9\uff08<\/span>Sabra<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6c99\u63d0\u62c9\uff08<\/span>Shatila<\/span>\uff09\u96be\u6c11\u8425\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86<\/span><\/b>\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7ea6<\/span>700-800<\/span>\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u7206\u53d1\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u53f8\u6cd5\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u8fd9\u8d77\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u6218\u4e89\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u8d1d\u4eac\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e0e\u57c3\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u5e76\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u654c\u5bf9\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6740\u4f24\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8d1d\u4eac\u6267\u653f\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5de5\u515a\u7684\u9738\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u9ad8\u901a\u80c0\uff0c\u4f46\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0 \u6548\u6cd5\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff1a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5174\u8d77<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d1d\u4eac\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u5165\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u3002\u963f\u91cc\u8036<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5fb7\u91cc\uff08<\/span>Aryeh Deri<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u585e\u6cd5\u8fea\uff08<\/span>Sephardi<\/span>\uff09\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8fc5\u901f\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6c99\u65af\u515a\uff08<\/span>Shas<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e1c\u65b9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u515a\u3002\u5fb7\u91cc\u6279\u8bc4\u4f20\u7edf\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u4e1c\u65b9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u590d\u5174\u3002<\/span>1979<\/span>\u5e74\u4f0a\u6717\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc5\u901f\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cdb\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5931\u8d25\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u771f\u7a7a\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u571f\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u4e3a\u6781\u7aef\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6e29\u5e8a\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u521d\u671f\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u7eaf\u5b97\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u6602\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1988<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>\u54c8\u9a6c\u65af<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Hamas<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5176\u5baa\u7ae0\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u72b9\uff0c\u5ba3\u8a93\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5168\u5883\u4ece<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5360\u9886<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0b\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53d1\u52a8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5723\u6218<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1987<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>12<\/span>\u6708<\/span>9<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u4ea4\u901a\u4e8b\u6545\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u56e0\u63d0\u6cd5\u8fbe<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>intifada<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u548c\u52a0\u6c99\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u8d70\u4e0a\u8857\u5934\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u77f3\u5757\u548c\u71c3\u70e7\u5f39\u5bf9\u6297\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u519b\u961f\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u519b\u961f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e94\u5bf9\u5e73\u6c11\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u4f18\u52bf\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u7ea6\u65e6\u56fd\u738b\u4faf\u8d5b\u56e0\u4e8e<\/span>1988<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>7<\/span>\u6708\u5ba3\u5e03\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u89e3\u653e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e3a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u56e0\u63d0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ece\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u64a4\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\uff08<\/span>1991<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u82cf\u8054\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6784\u6210\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5b66\u5386\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u884c\u52a8<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7b49\u7a7a\u8fd0\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4ece\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u8425\u6551\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e07\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4ecd\u575a\u4fe1\u63a5\u6536\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u62ef\u6551\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u610f\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u62c9\u6bd4\u603b\u7f72\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u8eab\u4efd\u4ecd\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\uff08<\/span>1991<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u5411\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53d1\u5c04\u5bfc\u5f39\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5728\u62c9\u5bbe\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0b\u4fdd\u6301\u514b\u5236\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5377\u5165\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0 \u548c\u5e73\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9677\u5165\u50f5\u5c40<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u62c9\u5bbe\uff08<\/span>Rabin<\/span>\uff09\u603b\u7406\u4e8e<\/span>1995<\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u523a\u6740\uff0c\u7ea6\u65e6\u56fd\u738b\u4faf\u8d5b\u56e0\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u514b\u6797\u987f\uff08<\/span>Clinton<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u846c\u793c\u4e0a\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u6df1\u5207\u60b2\u75db\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e1c\u548c\u5e73\u524d\u666f\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1993<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u7981\u6b62\u4e0e\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u89e3\u653e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u632a\u5a01\u5965\u65af\u9646\u79d8\u5bc6\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u5965\u65af\u9646\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u3002\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u89e3\u653e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u627f\u8ba4\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u751f\u5b58\u6743\u5e76\u653e\u5f03\u6b66\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5219\u627f\u8ba4\u5df4\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u963f\u62c9\u6cd5\u7279\u548c\u6218\u58eb\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u672a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c65\u884c\u534f\u8bae\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u4ece\u8036\u5229\u54e5\uff08<\/span>Jericho<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u52a0\u6c99\u5730\u5e26\u64a4\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1994<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e0e\u7ea6\u65e6\u7b7e\u8ba2\u548c\u5e73\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u4ea4\u6218\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4faf\u8d5b\u56e0\u56fd\u738b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u7956\u7236\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u9057\u613f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u62c9\u5bbe\u88ab\u523a\u6740\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53f3\u7ffc\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u52bf\u529b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53db\u5f92<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6781\u7aef\u62c9\u6bd4\u751a\u81f3\u5ba3\u5224\u5176\u6b7b\u7f6a\u3002\u672c\u96c5\u660e<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5185\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u80e1\uff08<\/span>Benjamin Netanyahu<\/span>\uff09\u4e0a\u4efb\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u300a\u5965\u65af\u9646\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u6000\u4f0a\u6cb3\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u300b\uff08<\/span>Wye River Memorandum<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u6062\u590d\u548c\u5e73\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1999<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u80e1\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\uff08<\/span>Ehud Barak<\/span>\uff09\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa\u4ece\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u5357\u90e8\u64a4\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u3002<\/span>2000<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>5<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u4ece\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u64a4\u519b\uff0c\u771f\u4e3b\u515a\uff08<\/span>Hezbollah<\/span>\uff09\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u4f1a\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u5728\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span>2000<\/span>\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u6cd5\u7279\u548c\u514b\u6797\u987f\u5728\u6234\u7ef4\u8425\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6177\u6168\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8<\/span>92%<\/span>\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u963f\u62c9\u6cd5\u7279\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u548c\u8c08\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u514b\u6797\u987f\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u6cd5\u7279\u7684\u6beb\u4e0d\u59a5\u534f\u8868\u793a\u56f0\u60d1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t2000<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>9<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u963f\u91cc\u57c3\u52d2<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6c99\u9f99\u8bbf\u95ee\u5723\u6bbf\u5c71\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u56e0\u63d0\u6cd5\u8fbe<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u56e0\u63d0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u66f4\u5177\u6740\u4f24\u529b\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u81ea\u6740\u6027\u7206\u70b8\u3002<\/span>2002<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4fee\u5efa<\/span>\u9694\u79bb\u5899<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u5899\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u81ea\u6740\u6027\u7206\u70b8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u56e0\u63d0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u4f7f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u548c\u5e73\u9635\u8425\u906d\u53d7\u91cd\u521b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de6\u7ffc<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u571f\u5730\u6362\u548c\u5e73<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5929\u771f\u5371\u9669\u3002\u672c\u5c3c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\uff08<\/span>Benny Morris<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8f6c\u53d8\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u5df4\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u524d\u666f\u6301\u60b2\u89c2\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t2004<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u6cd5\u7279\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u9a6c\u54c8\u8302\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u5df4\u65af\uff08<\/span>Mahmoud Abbas<\/span>\uff09\u7ee7\u4efb\u3002<\/span>2005<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6c99\u9f99\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span>\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u4ece\u52a0\u6c99\u64a4\u79bb<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u906d\u5230\u5229\u5e93\u5fb7\u96c6\u56e2\u548c\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u884c\u52a8\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u719f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u64a4\u79bb\u540e\u54c8\u9a6c\u65af\u4ece\u52a0\u6c99\u5411\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53d1\u5c04\u706b\u7bad\u5f39\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u64a4\u79bb\u672a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u548c\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t2006<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u54c8\u9a6c\u65af\u8d62\u5f97\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u6743\u529b\u673a\u6784\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u54c8\u9a6c\u65af\u5b98\u5458\u91cd\u7533\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u4e4b\u5149\u6700\u7ec8\u7184\u706d\u3002\u54c8\u9a6c\u65af\u548c\u771f\u4e3b\u515a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53d1\u52a8\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86<\/span>2006<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e73\u6c11\u4f24\u4ea1\u6210\u4e3a\u5236\u7ea6\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9762\u4e34\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5728<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b<\/span>21<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span>\u79d1\u6280\u5f3a\u56fd<\/span><\/b>\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u521b\u4e1a\u56fd\u5ea6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u7f8e\u8a89\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3001\u7814\u53d1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u5206\u652f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u6218\u573a\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d1d\u4eac\u5b66\u8bf4<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c<\/span>2007<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7a7a\u88ad\u4e86\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u3002\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u6838\u5a01\u80c1\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u5cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u7ae0 \u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t2013<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9a\u4f0a\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u62c9\u76ae\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Yair Lapid<\/span>\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8def\u7ebf\u653f\u515a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u672a\u6765\u515a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Yesh Atid<\/span>\uff09\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u5176\u8bae\u5458\u9732\u4e1d<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5361\u5c14\u5fb7\u9f99\uff08<\/span>Ruth Calderon<\/span>\uff09\u624b\u6301\u300a\u5854\u6728\u5fb7\u300b\uff08<\/span>Talmud<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u521b\u9020<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5b64\u513f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5272\u88c2\u4e86\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cbe\u795e\u7a7a\u865a\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u6e34\u671b\u8ffd\u5bfb\u6c11\u65cf\u6839\u6e90\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4e0e\u88ab\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6452\u5f03\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u65b0\u62e5\u62b1\u72b9\u592a\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u673a\u6784\u4e3a\u4e16\u4fd7\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b66\u4e60\u72b9\u592a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u963f\u91cc\u514b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u827e\u56e0\u65bd\u5766\uff08<\/span>Arik Einstein<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u4e16\u4fd7\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u8f6c\u5411\u6781\u7aef\u6b63\u7edf\u6d3e\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u827e\u63d0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5b89\u514b\u4e3d\uff08<\/span>Etti Ankri<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5c06\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5143\u7d20\u878d\u5165\u97f3\u4e50\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u754c\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u7535\u5f71\u4e1a\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u66f4\u5ba1\u614e\u3001\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u773c\u5149\u5ba1\u89c6\u4f20\u7edf\u72b9\u592a\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u9732\u4e1d<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u52a0\u7ef4\u68ee\uff08<\/span>Ruth Gavison<\/span>\uff09\u6559\u6388\u548c\u96c5\u79d1\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7c73\u4e39\uff08<\/span>Yaakov Medan<\/span>\uff09\u62c9\u6bd4\u5171\u540c\u62df\u5c31\u7684\u300a\u52a0\u7ef4\u68ee\u548c\u7c73\u4e39\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u660e\u663e\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u6d88\u9664\u9694\u9602\u3001\u5bfb\u6c42\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u4e5f\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e1c\u65b9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f85\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fe0\u8bda<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u800c\u975e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u987a\u670d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4e16\u4fd7\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u4eb2\u8fd1\u72b9\u592a\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u9010\u6e10\u538c\u5026\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u8d1f\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u50cf\u524d\u8f88\u90a3\u6837\u6e34\u671b\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5927\u6f6e\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8bd7\u4eba\u8036\u80e1\u8fbe<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u7c73\u4ea5\uff08<\/span>Yehuda Amichai<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u548c\u5e73\u5e0c\u671b\u6e3a\u832b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f6c\u5411\u81ea\u8eab\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5b97\u6559\u6781\u7aef\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u62c9\u6bd4\u603b\u7f72\uff08<\/span>Chief Rabbinate<\/span>\uff09\u56e0\u5176\u50f5\u786c\u548c\u4e0d\u5305\u5bb9\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u54c8\u745e\u8fea\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u548c\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4e5f\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u6784\u6210\u6311\u6218\u3002\u7535\u89c6\u5267\u300a\u8c22\u8fea\u585e\u5c14\u300b\uff08<\/span>Shtisel<\/span>\uff09\u4ee5\u540c\u60c5\u89c6\u89d2\u63cf\u7ed8\u54c8\u745e\u8fea\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6781\u7aef\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c71\u9876\u9752\u5e74<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5219\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6b66\u88c5\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5982\u4f0a\u624e\u514b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u91d1\u65af\u535a\u683c\uff08<\/span>Yitzhak Ginsburg<\/span>\uff09\u62c9\u6bd4\u4e3a\u5df4\u9c81\u514b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6208\u767b\u65af\u5766\uff08<\/span>Baruch Goldstein<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5c60\u6740\u884c\u4e3a\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ed3\u8bed \u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u7684\u72b9\u592a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u5bb6\u56ed<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ed3\u8bed\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u767e\u5e74\u540e\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5bb6\u56ed<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u5b89\u5c45\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u591a\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u5efa\u56fd\u4e4b\u8def\u66f2\u6298\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u6b7b\u53bb\uff0c\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u8c0b\u6740\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6208\u8fea\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u53bb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u65e2\u53e4\u8001\u53c8\u73b0\u4ee3\uff0c\u624e\u6839\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u53c8\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u5f84\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u6709\u4e9b\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u9884\u8a00\u6b27\u6d32\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f1a\u6d88\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5929\u771f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u786e\u5b9e\u6df1\u523b\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6d41\u6563\u5730\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u6452\u5f03\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u5e73\u76f8\u5904\u7684\u613f\u666f\u90e8\u5206\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u5728\u804c\u4e1a\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4ecd\u5728\u6301\u7eed\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u7684\u5360\u9886\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fc3\u5934\u4e4b\u75db<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c<\/span>–<\/span>\u8036\u80e1\u8fbe\uff08<\/span>Ben-Yehuda<\/span>\uff09\u590d\u6d3b\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u8fdc\u8d85\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u6210\u4e3a\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u6bcd\u8bed\u3002<\/span>A.D.<\/span>\u6208\u767b\uff08<\/span>Gordon<\/span>\uff09\u53f7\u53ec\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u52b3\u52a8\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u65cf\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u505a\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u9aa8\u5b50\u91cc\u4ecd\u662f\u519c\u6c11\u3002\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5229\u514b\u3001\u8bfa\u5c14\u9053\uff08<\/span>Nordau<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u96c5\u535a\u5ef7\u65af\u57fa\uff08<\/span>Jabotinsky<\/span>\uff09\u5e0c\u671b\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e5f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u963f\u54c8\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u59c6\uff08<\/span>Ahad Ha’am<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5730\u7cbe\u795e\u518d\u751f\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u4e5f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u62e5\u62b1\u72b9\u592a\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u8bd7\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u613f\u666f\u4e5f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5728\u533b\u7597\u6280\u672f\u3001\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u5168\u7403\u9886\u5148\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8fd8\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u5206\u4eab\u5176\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u8425\u6551\u8d8a\u5357\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6551\u63f4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5c11\u6570\u575a\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5efa\u56fd\u4f0a\u59cb\u5973\u6027\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u670d\u5175\u5f79\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c<\/span>\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u91cd\u751f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9762\u4e34\u91cd\u91cd\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u7740\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bfb\u627e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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