{"id":2196,"date":"2025-12-26T10:57:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T02:57:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=2196"},"modified":"2025-12-26T10:57:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T02:57:03","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e4%bc%8a%e6%96%af%e5%85%b0%e4%b8%8e%e6%ae%96%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e5%8d%b0%e5%ba%a6%e5%b0%bc%e8%a5%bf%e4%ba%9a%e5%92%8c%e9%a9%ac%e6%9d%a5%e4%ba%9a%e8%b5%b0%e5%90%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=2196","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u8d70\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u300b  Islam and Colonialism &#8211; Becoming Modern in Indonesia and Malaya"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u8d70\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>Islam<br \/>\nand Colonialism &#8211; Becoming Modern in Indonesia and Malaya<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Muhamad<br \/>\nAli<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Islam-and-Colonialism-Becoming-Modern-in-Indonesia-and-Malaya-2016-Muhamad-Ali-Z-Library-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-2197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Islam-and-Colonialism-Becoming-Modern-in-Indonesia-and-Malaya-2016-Muhamad-Ali-Z-Library-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Islam-and-Colonialism-Becoming-Modern-in-Indonesia-and-Malaya-2016-Muhamad-Ali-Z-Library-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Islam-and-Colonialism-Becoming-Modern-in-Indonesia-and-Malaya-2016-Muhamad-Ali-Z-Library-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Islam-and-Colonialism-Becoming-Modern-in-Indonesia-and-Malaya-2016-Muhamad-Ali-Z-Library-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Islam-and-Colonialism-Becoming-Modern-in-Indonesia-and-Malaya-2016-Muhamad-Ali-Z-Library-1366x2048.jpg 1366w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Islam-and-Colonialism-Becoming-Modern-in-Indonesia-and-Malaya-2016-Muhamad-Ali-Z-Library-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\uff08\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\uff09\u4e0e\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">20<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u5171\u751f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5e76\u975e\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7acb\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u4e2d\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5e76\u5171\u540c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u793e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7eb3\u5fb7\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e4c\u62c9\u739b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b96\u6c11\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u624b\u6bb5\u91cd\u632f\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u800c\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5219\u5728\u63a8\u884c\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u63a5\u7eb3<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6cd5\u5f8b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f20\u7edf\u4e60\u4fd7\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Adat<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5168\u4e66\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u5b97\u6559\u8ba4\u540c\u4e0e\u987a\u5e94\u5168\u7403\u5316\u53d8\u9769\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8c03\u9002\u4e0e\u878d\u5408<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5c06\u6b96\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u5728<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Muhamad Ali <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u8d70\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u300b\uff08<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Islam and Colonialism: Becoming Modern in Indonesia and Malaya<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 20 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u6f14\u53d8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u975e\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u5904\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u5bf9\u6297\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e92\u52a8\u3001\u501f\u9274\u751a\u81f3\u534f\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5171\u540c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bfc\u8a00<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Introduction)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5316\u5fc5\u7136\u51b2\u7a81<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u53f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u591a\u5143\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u56db\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u5730\u7531\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5e72\u9884\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u987e\u95ee\u4f53\u5236\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u91cd\u5851\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f0a\u65af\u5170<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Part I: Making Islam<br \/>\nModern)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5ba3\u6559\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u6539\u9769<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Organising Da&#8217;wah and<br \/>\nSpreading Reform)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u613f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u6765\u6784\u5efa<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5b97\u6559<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u722a\u54c7\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u4ee5\u963f\u8d6b\u9a6c\u5fb7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fbe\u5170\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Ahmad Dahlan<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u521b\u7acb\u7684<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Muhammadiyah<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5982\u4f55\u501f\u9274\u897f\u65b9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5982\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u79d8\u4e66\u5904\u548c\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\uff09\u6765\u63a8\u884c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> tajdid<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u6539\u9769\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Kaum Muda<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5370\u5237\u6280\u672f\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7269<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Al-Imam<\/span><\/i><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6742\u5fd7\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7fa4\u4f17\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u6027\u9610\u91ca\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u843d\u540e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u6b96\u6c11\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u6587\u5316<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Colonising the Muslim<br \/>\nEast and Reinforcing Culture)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5ba2\u89c2\u5316<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8377\u5170\u5b66\u8005\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5982<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65af\u52aa\u514b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d6b\u683c\u9686\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Snouck Hurgronje<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c06\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5206\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b97\u6559<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u4f46\u4e25\u5389\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u6cbb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5982 <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Wilkinson<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Winstedt<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9a6c\u6765\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u73af<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u56fa\u5316\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Adat<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Part II: Modernising<br \/>\nPolitics and Government)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u6784\u5efa<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> Siyasah <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0e\u6539\u9769\u82cf\u4e39\u5236<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Building Siyasah and Reforming Sultanate)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Siyasah<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5370\u5c3c\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5982\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8054\u76df\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Sarekat Islam<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u5176\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f50\u514b\u7f57\u963f\u7c73\u8bfa\u6258\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Tjokroaminoto<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u7531<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u5bf9<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82cf\u4e39\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Kerajaan<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Ummah<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Bangsa<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u800c\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u5728\u5409\u5170\u4e39\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">MAIK<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u4e60\u4fd7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff09\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5b97\u6559\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u548c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u5b97\u6559<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Controlling Politics and<br \/>\nBureaucratising Religion)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u63a2\u8ba8\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u884c\u653f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6765\u9694\u79bb\u5b97\u6559\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8377\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u571f\u8457\u4e8b\u52a1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u8303\u671d\u89d0\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Hajj<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u8d44\u91d1\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Zakat<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u6765\u65bd\u52a0\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u987e\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u82cf\u4e39\u8c61\u5f81\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u7ba1\u7406\u7eb3\u5165\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b98\u4f53\u5236\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Part III: Modernising Law)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u6574\u5408\u6c99\u91cc\u4e9a\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u6cd5\u5f8b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Integrating Shariah,<br \/>\nAdat and European Laws)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9886\u57df\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u901a\u8fc7 <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Majlis Tarjih<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u975e\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u89c1\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">fatwa<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7406\u6027\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">ijtihad<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5f00\u59cb\u533a\u5206\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">din<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">dunya<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba4\u53ef\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6c11\u6cd5\u548c\u5211\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u6cd5\u5f8b\u591a\u5143\u6027<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Formalising Legal<br \/>\nPlurality)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7e82\u4e60\u4fd7\u6cd5\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Adatrecht<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c\u8bbe\u7acb\u5c42\u7ea7\u5316\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c06\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c06\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u5373\u7a46\u65af\u6797<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u754c\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Part IV: Modernising<br \/>\nEducation)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u6388\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Teaching Agama and the<br \/>\nSecular)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u8981\u8d76\u4e0a\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">ilmu dunya<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fbe\u5170<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5b66\u6821\u5f15\u5165\u9ed1\u677f\u3001\u684c\u6905\u7b49\u897f\u65b9\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5973\u6027\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> Aisyiyah <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5973\u6027\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u6db5\u76d6\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Secularising Education)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u63a8\u5e7f\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u80b2\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u758f\u79bb\u6216\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8377\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u5e08\u6761\u4f8b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u5f97\u5b98\u65b9\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5409\u5170\u4e39\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u82cf\u4e39\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> MAIK <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u534f\u4f5c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u517c\u987e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Ma&#8217;had<br \/>\n     Muhammady<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Conclusion)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Muhamad Ali <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u4e00\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u897f\u5316<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u591a\u5143\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u4ea4\u7ec7\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u9879\u76ee\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\u6539\u9769\u5728\u6539\u5584\u6c11\u751f\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5171\u5b58\u4e0e\u534f\u4f5c<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u4e92\u52a8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\uff08\u5982\u5baa\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff09\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u603b\u7ed3\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u5927\u53a6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u94a2\u7b4b\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5b98\u50da\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u800c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6539\u9769\u5219\u4e3a\u6574\u5ea7\u5efa\u7b51\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u5ba4\u5185\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u7075\u9b42\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u867d\u7136\u5728\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u65f6\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u5171\u540c\u652f\u6491\u8d77\u4e86\u8fd9\u5ea7\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u8d70\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u300b Islam and Colonialism &#8211; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2197,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2196"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2198,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2196\/revisions\/2198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}