{"id":2180,"date":"2025-12-26T10:08:01","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T02:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=2180"},"modified":"2025-12-26T10:08:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T02:08:01","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e9%a9%ac%e6%9d%a5%e8%a5%bf%e4%ba%9a%e5%8f%b2%e3%80%8ba-history-of-malaysia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=2180","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u53f2\u300bA History of Malaysia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>\u300a\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u53f2\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>A History of Malaysia<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5df4\u5df4\u62c9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c83\u68ee<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b89\u8fbe\u96c5<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Barbara Watson Andaya<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f26\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b89\u8fbe\u96c5<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Leonard Y. Andaya<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/A-History-of-Malaysia-Barbara-Watson-Andaya-etc-675x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"971\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-2181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/A-History-of-Malaysia-Barbara-Watson-Andaya-etc-675x1024.jpg 675w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/A-History-of-Malaysia-Barbara-Watson-Andaya-etc-198x300.jpg 198w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/A-History-of-Malaysia-Barbara-Watson-Andaya-etc-768x1165.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/A-History-of-Malaysia-Barbara-Watson-Andaya-etc-1013x1536.jpg 1013w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/A-History-of-Malaysia-Barbara-Watson-Andaya-etc-1351x2048.jpg 1351w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/A-History-of-Malaysia-Barbara-Watson-Andaya-etc.jpg 1373w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u53f2\u300b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8be5\u56fd\u4ece\u53e4\u4ee3\u8d38\u6613\u738b\u56fd\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u4e86<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u82cf\u4e39\u56fd<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d77\u4e0a\u5546\u8d38\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u67a2\u7ebd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5e72\u9884\u624b\u6bb5\u5c06\u5206\u6563\u7684\u571f\u90a6\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u91cd\u70b9\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7531<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u534e\u88d4\u3001\u5370\u88d4\u53ca\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6784\u6210\u7684\u591a\u5143\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u5728<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6446\u8131\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8eab\u4efd\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u65cf\u7fa4\u878d\u5408\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5df4\u5df4\u62c9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c83\u68ee<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b89\u8fbe\u96c5\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Barbara Watson Andaya<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><a name=\"OLE_LINK18\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f26\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b89\u8fbe\u96c5\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Leonard Y. Andaya<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u6240\u8457\u300a\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u53f2\u300b\uff08<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">A History of Malaysia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c06\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u5386\u53f2\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51dd\u805a\u6574\u4f53<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u6770\u4f5c\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u4ece\u53e4\u4ee3\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u82cf\u4e39\u56fd\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1400<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u6311\u6218\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5386\u53f2\u59cb\u4e8e\u9a6c\u516d\u7532<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u73b0\u4ee3\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u6df1\u53d7\u524d\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u65f6\u671f\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Pre-Melakan period<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5730\u7406\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u9a6c\u6765\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7531\u4e8e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b63\u98ce\u4ea4\u6c47\u70b9\uff0c\u81ea\u516c\u5143\u4e00\u5343\u7eaa\u8d77\u4fbf\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u975e\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u5370\u8d38\u6613\u7f51\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e09\u4f5b\u9f50\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Srivijaya<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u9738\u6743\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u4f5c\u8005\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e09\u4f5b\u9f50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u524d\u8eab\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4ee5\u8d38\u6613\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u541b\u81e3\u5951\u7ea6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Daulat\/Derhaka<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65cf\u7fa4\u5206\u5de5\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u65e9\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d77\u4eba\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Orang Laut<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b66\u529b\u548c\u6d77\u4ea7\uff0c\u68ee\u6797\u5c45\u6c11\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Orang<br \/>\n     Asli<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u91c7\u96c6\u9999\u6599\u548c\u9ec4\u91d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8de8\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e92\u52a8\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7fa4\u5c9b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u53ca\u5176\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">15-17<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u5e76\u975e\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bf9\u4e09\u4f5b\u9f50\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7ee7\u627f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u884c\u653f\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u6e2f\u52a1\u5b98\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Syahbandar<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u5546\u8d3e\uff0c\u5176\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u4e16\u9a6c\u6765\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Adat<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u52a0\u5f3a\u738b\u6743\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4f7f\u82cf\u4e39\u6210\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u771f\u4e3b\u5728\u5927\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u5f71\u5b50<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1511<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u6ca6\u9677\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u6743\u529b\u91cd\u5fc3\u5357\u8fc1\u81f3\u67d4\u4f5b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u9739\u96f3\u3001\u6587\u83b1\u7b49\u5730\u5ef6\u7eed\u8840\u8109\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u9a6c\u6765\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u9a6c\u6765\u4e2d\u8f6c\u8d38\u6613\u56fd\u7684\u8870\u843d\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1699-1819<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">18<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u9a6c\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u52a8\u8361\u671f\u4e0e\u91cd\u7ec4\u671f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1699<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u5f11\u541b\u6848\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u67d4\u4f5b\u82cf\u4e39\u9a6c\u54c8\u8302\u5fb7\u88ab\u523a\u6740\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\uff0c\u5b83<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u738b\u5ba4\u7684\u795e\u5723\u8840\u7edf<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b66\u5409\u65af\u4eba\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Bugis<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f3a\u608d\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u548c\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u6b66\u5409\u65af\u4eba\u4ecb\u5165\u67d4\u4f5b\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u526f\u738b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Yamtuan Muda<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5916\u90e8\u538b\u529b\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u672c\u9636\u6bb5\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">VOC<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5784\u65ad\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u82f1\u3001\u8377\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1786<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u69df\u57ce\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u521b\u9020<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1819-1874<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">19<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u4ece<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65e7\u4e16\u754c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5411<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b0\u4e16\u754c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5267\u53d8\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1819<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u6d77\u5ce1\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u9738\u6743\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9886\u571f\u74dc\u5206\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1824<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u300a\u82f1\u8377\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u67d4\u4f5b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5ed6\u5185\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6b27\u6d32\u5229\u76ca\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5370\u5c3c\u4e0e\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u65cf\u7fa4\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u9521\u77ff\u5f00\u53d1\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u77ff\u533a\u793e\u533a\u548c\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u9a6c\u6765\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5185\u90e8\u5bf9\u6536\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u7684\u4e89\u593a\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u5185\u6218\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5c5e\u9a6c\u6765\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1874-1919<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4ece\u5546\u4e1a\u5e72\u9884\u8f6c\u5411<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5168\u9762\u653f\u6cbb\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53c2\u653f\u53f8\u5236\u5ea6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Residential System<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1874<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u300a\u90a6\u54af\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4ee5<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5efa\u8bae<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u540d\u4e49\u884c\u4f7f\u6743\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u82cf\u4e39\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u653f\u548c\u6536\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8054\u90a6\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1896<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u9a6c\u6765\u8054\u90a6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">FMS<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u884c\u653f\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5374\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u82cf\u4e39\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u4e60\u4fd7\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65cf\u7fa4\u9694\u9602\u7684\u52a0\u6df1\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u82f1\u56fd\u5b9e\u884c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ba1\u7406\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6309\u79cd\u65cf\u5206\u914d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u52a1\u519c\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u91c7\u77ff\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u79cd\u80f6\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u65e0\u5f62\u4e2d\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u65cf\u7fa4\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u6b96\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u6f14\u53d8\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1919-1957<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u91cd\u70b9\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6210\u719f\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89c9\u9192\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u51fa\u53e3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u67f1\u77f3\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u6a61\u80f6\u548c\u9521\u6210\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u652f\u67f1\uff0c\u4f7f\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u51a0\u4e0a\u7684\u660e\u73e0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6781\u6613\u53d7\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u573a\u6ce2\u52a8\uff08\u5982\u5927\u8427\u6761\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9694\u79bb\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u53ea\u5bf9\u7cbe\u82f1\u63d0\u4f9b\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u81ea\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u5404\u65cf<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b89\u5206\u5b88\u5df1<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5374\u610f\u5916\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u65cf\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u72ec\u7acb\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e8c\u6218\u65e5\u636e\u65f6\u671f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f7b\u5e95\u7c89\u788e\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u65e0\u654c\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u9a6c\u6765\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u5982<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">UMNO<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff09\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b66\u88c5\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">MPAJA<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5baa\u6cd5\u8c08\u5224\u5bfc\u5411\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1957<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u953b\u9020\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1957-1980<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728\u591a\u5143\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u7edf\u4e00<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1963<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5c06\u6c99\u5df4\u3001\u7802\u62c9\u8d8a\u548c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5e76\u5165\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5370\u5c3c\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bf9\u6297<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u6574\u5408\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1969<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e94\u4e00\u4e09<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u8fd9\u573a\u8840\u8165\u9a9a\u4e71\u662f\u65cf\u7fa4\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">NEP<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">NEP<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u624b\u6bb5\u8bd5\u56fe\u6d88\u9664\u79cd\u65cf\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\uff08\u571f\u8457\uff09\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u9690\u55bb\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u6761<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f16\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u4e1d\u7ef8<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e09\u4f5b\u9f50\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u738b\u6743\u7684\u7ecf\u7ebf\uff0c\u53c8\u4ea4\u7ec7\u8fdb\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u7eac\u7ebf\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5757\u7ef8\u7f0e\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u548c\u6218\u4e71\u65f6\u671f\u66fe\u88ab\u6495\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6b63\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u91cd\u7ec4<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u534f\u5546<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Muafakat<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e94\u989c\u516d\u8272\u7684\u4e1d\u7ebf\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u4eba<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u65b0\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300a\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u53f2\u300bA History of Malaysia \u5df4\u5df4\u62c9\u00b7\u6c83\u68ee\u00b7\u5b89\u8fbe\u96c5Barbara Watson A 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