{"id":1917,"date":"2025-12-04T15:22:54","date_gmt":"2025-12-04T07:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1917"},"modified":"2025-12-04T15:22:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T07:22:54","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%a7%a3%e6%94%be%e5%be%b7%e5%9b%bd%e3%80%8bthe-liberation-of-germany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1917","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u89e3\u653e\u5fb7\u56fd\u300bThe Liberation of Germany"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66 <\/span>0276<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u89e3\u653e\u5fb7\u56fd\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span>The Liberation of Germany<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9a6c\u4e01<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u535a\u7279\u68ee\uff08<\/span>Martin Abbotson<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e<\/span> 1939 <\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Liberation of
\nGermany<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u7ffb\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u89e3\u653e\u5fb7\u56fd\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u575a\u79f0\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u7531\u5c11\u6570<\/span>\u8d2a\u5a6a\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u5192\u9669\u5bb6<\/span><\/b>\u5f3a\u52a0\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u6b8b\u66b4\u66b4\u653f\uff0c\u5176\u7ef4\u6301\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6b3a\u9a97\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u95f4\u8c0d\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u88ab\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201cKultur\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u8d25\u574f\u5fb7\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u7684\u3001<\/span>\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u5974\u5f79\u56fd\u6c11\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u4fb5\u7565\u76ee\u6807\uff0c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u76f2\u76ee\u670d\u4ece\u7684\u58eb\u5175\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c<\/span>\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u4e5f\u88ab\u8feb\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u6269\u5f20\u8bae\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ee5<\/span>\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u79cd\u65cf\u81f3\u4e0a<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6559\u6761\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6b8b\u9177\u8feb\u5bb3<\/span>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u501f\u53e3\u4e3a\u652b\u53d6\u8d22\u5bcc\u800c\u4fb5\u5360\u4e86<\/span>\u5965\u5730\u5229\u548c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u63a8\u7ffb\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u89e3\u6551\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a<\/span>\u91ce\u86ee\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2<\/span><\/b>\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u662f\u6062\u590d\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\uff08<\/span>Preface<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u786e\u5207\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u7eb3\u7cb9\u9886\u8896\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6b8b\u9177\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u8005\u662f\u6781\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4f4d\u6d41\u4ea1\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709<\/span>\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u72c2\u70ed\u5730\u652f\u6301\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u6b23\u8d4f\u4ed6\u4f46\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u611f\u5230\u9057\u61be\uff0c\u800c<\/span>\u7565\u591a\u4e8e\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\u5219\u75db\u60dc\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u803b\u8fb1\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e03\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab<\/span>\u8fde\u7eed\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u3001\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20<\/span><\/strong>\u6240\u6d78\u900f\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u95f4\u8c0d\u548c\u8b66\u5bdf\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5730\u8d25\u574f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u6c11\u65cf\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u624d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5206\u652f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u633d\u56de\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5c06\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u65e0\u60c5\u548c\u865a\u4f2a\u7684\u66b4\u653f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u5230<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6587\u660e\u5f62\u6001<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>From Culture to Kultur<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u82f1\u6587\u7684<\/span>\u201cCulture\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u6587\u5316\uff09\u548c\u5fb7\u6587\u7684<\/span>\u201cKultur\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u6587\u660e\u5f62\u6001\uff09\u3002<\/span>Culture <\/span>\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u827a\u672f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u65ad\u6500\u5347\uff0c\u5e76\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u548c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u800c<\/span> Kultur <\/span>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684<\/span> Kultur <\/span>\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span>\u4e11\u964b\u7684\u3001\u4e13\u5236\u5730\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u3001\u7834\u574f\u6587\u5316\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5173\u4e8e<\/span> 1933 <\/span>\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d2b\u7a77\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5728<\/span> 1924 <\/span>\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u653e\u677e\u653f\u7b56\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>1924 <\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span> 1929 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4e4b\u590f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u6b4c\u5267\u548c\u620f\u5267\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u8427\u6761\u7684\u540e\u679c<\/span>\u6b3a\u9a97\u6027\u5730\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u300a\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d64\u8272\u5206\u5b50<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6211\u7684\u594b\u6597\u300b\uff08<\/span>Mein Kampf<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5176\u4fb5\u7565\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u652b\u53d6\u65b0\u571f\u5730\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff09\uff1b\u5fc5\u987b\u7528<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6b66\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span>\u8840\u8165\u6597\u4e89<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u593a\u56de<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5931\u5730<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u82cf\u53f0\u5fb7\u5730\u533a\u7b49\uff09\uff1b\u6467\u6bc1\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u7ed3\u76df\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u53e3\u53f7<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span>\u5fc5\u8981\u5373\u662f\u6b63\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4ece\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc7\u591a\u6570\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span>1932 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 7 <\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u83b7\u5f97<\/span> 13,733,000 <\/span>\u7968\uff08\u603b\u7968\u6570<\/span> 35,000,000<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u5e74<\/span> 11 <\/span>\u6708\u964d\u81f3<\/span> 11,737,391 <\/span>\u7968\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u6743\u529b\u3001\u91c7\u53d6\u6b3a\u9a97\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5728<\/span> 1933 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 3 <\/span>\u6708\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4ec5\u83b7\u5f97<\/span> 17,265,823 <\/span>\u7968\uff08\u603b\u7968\u6570<\/span> 39,316,873<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7387\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e00\u534a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8d2b\u7a77\u3002\u4ece<\/span> 1930-31 <\/span>\u9884\u7b97\u5e74\u7684<\/span> 105.85 <\/span>\u4ebf\u91d1\u9a6c\u514b\uff0c\u8d22\u5bcc\u751f\u4ea7\u7a33\u6b65\u4e0b\u964d\u5230<\/span> 1934-35 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684<\/span> 78.06 <\/span>\u4ebf\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff08\u5982\u76d6\u4e16\u592a\u4fdd\u3001\u515a\u536b\u519b\uff09\u6784\u6210\u4e86<\/span>\u4e94\u5341\u4e07\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u6cd5\u6216\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u5265\u524a\u4eba\u6c11<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5236\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u76f2\u76ee\u670d\u4ece<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6743\u5229\u662f\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u727a\u7272\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u53ef\u618e\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08<\/span>A Repulsive System of Education<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u6559\u80b2\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5974\u96b6\u4e3b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5de5\u5177<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u9ad8\u76ee\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u4e2a\u519b\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3a\u8d2c\u4f4e\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5929\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7eb3\u7cb9\u58f0\u79f0\u8981\u5e26\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u8d44\u5fae\u8584\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u519b\u4e8b\u7cbe\u795e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4fb5\u7565\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u4ece\u513f\u7ae5\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6bcd\u4eb2\u88ab\u8981\u6c42<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u5fc3\u5411\u6218\u4e89<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u7ae5\u8c23\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u6218\u6597\u6027\uff0c\u9882\u626c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u673a\u5173\u67aa\u548c\u5200\u5251<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u7537\u5b69\u5728\u5236\u670d\u4e2d\u8dbe\u9ad8\u6c14\u626c\uff0c\u5200\u4e0a\u523b\u7740<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span>\u70ed\u8840\u4e0e\u8363\u8a89<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u5b9e\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5668\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6559\u80b2\u8d28\u91cf\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5165\u5b66\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6ce2\u5170\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5165\u5b66\u7387\uff08\u6bcf\u4e07\u4eba<\/span> 12.7 <\/span>\u4eba\uff09\u5728<\/span> 28 <\/span>\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u4e14\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4eca\u5929\u51e0\u4e4e\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7406\u60f3\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6027\u683c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u987a\u4ece\u6216\u72c2\u70ed\uff09\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8bfe\u6559\u6388\u5b8c\u5168\u865a\u5047\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u58f0\u79f0\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba\u3001\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u662f\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9752\u5e74\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08<\/span>Youth Movement<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u63a5\u7ba1\u5e76<\/span>\u8150\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7eb3\u7cb9\u58f0\u79f0\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e2a\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u704c\u8f93\u5bf9\u9886\u8896\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u670d\u4ece\u3002\u4e3a\u57f9\u517b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u548c\u95f4\u8c0d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u90a3\u6ce2\u5229\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Napoli Schools<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u963f\u9053\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u94a2\u94c1\u822c\u7684\u610f\u5fd7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span>\u5bf9\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u9ebb\u6728\u4e0d\u4ec1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u4e3a<\/span> 1933 <\/span>\u5e74\u66b4\u5f92\u7684\u5408\u683c\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5927\u5b66\u88ab\u964d\u683c\u3002\u9c81\u65af\u7279\u535a\u58eb\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u54f2\u5b66\u7edf\u4e00<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u7ea6<\/span> 1200 <\/span>\u540d\u6559\u6388\u3001\u5bfc\u5e08\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u88ab\u89e3\u804c\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bf9\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\u6b4c\u9882<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u795e\u6bbf\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span>Kultur <\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u662f<\/span>\u6076\u9738<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5815\u843d\uff08<\/span>The Prostitution of Literature<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63a7\u5236\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u51e0\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>1933 <\/span>\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u5e1d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u9662\uff08<\/span>Reichskulturkammer<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7531\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\u65af\u4efb\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u3001\u620f\u5267\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u7b49\u6240\u6709<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6001\u5ea6\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6587\u5316\u9662\u62e5\u6709\u7981\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u4efb\u4f55\u5267\u9662\u6216\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u5728\u4e94\u5341\u4e07\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6700\u65e0\u803b\u548c\u6700\u5e9e\u5927\u7684<\/span>\u53d7\u8d3f\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u8896\uff08\u5982\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\u65af\u3001\u6208\u6797\u3001\u91cc\u5bbe\u7279\u6d1b\u666e\u7b49\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u804c\u6743\u805a\u655b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u6536\u5165\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5e02\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u88ab\u5f3a\u8feb\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u5e76\u8d60\u9001\u7ed9\u65b0\u5a5a\u592b\u5987\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6587\u5b66\u754c\u88ab<\/span>\u7981\u9522<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u9002\u5e94\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5173\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u548c\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u3002\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u66fc\uff08\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4ece\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e2d\u88ab\u62b9\u53bb\u3002<\/span>\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u4e5f\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\u65af\u8981\u6c42\u65b0\u95fb\u754c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u610f\u5fd7\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u591a\u6837<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u6709<\/span> 1300 <\/span>\u540d<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8bb0\u8005\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u884c\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f53\u524d\u5fb7\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5815\u843d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9<\/span> Kultur <\/span>\u7684\u5ec9\u4ef7\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u662f\u6b4c\u9882\u9886\u8896\u548c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8352\u8c2c\u653b\u51fb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b4c\u66f2\u300a\u5411\u4f60\u81f4\u656c\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u300b\u7684\u9996\u9996\u6b4c\u9882<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fdd\u4f51\u9886\u8896<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u970d\u65af\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7ef4\u585e\u5c14\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6597\u6bb4\u4e2d\u53d7\u4f24\u8eab\u4ea1\u7684\u9752\u5e74\uff09\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u70c8\u58eb\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u8d5e\u9882\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u5176\u7f6e\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u62ff\u6492\u52d2\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u4e4b\u4e0a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u6709<\/span><\/strong>\u4e24\u5343\u4e07\u513f\u7ae5\u5531\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u865a\u5047\u800c\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5815\u843d\uff08<\/span>The Degradation of Science<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t1933 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5206\u5b50\u711a\u70e7\u4e86<\/span>\u4e24\u4e07\u672c\u56fe\u4e66<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9a6c\u683c\u52aa\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d6b\u5e0c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Magnus Hirschfeld<\/span>\uff09\u6027\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u73cd\u8d35\u85cf\u4e66\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u60b2\u5267\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7eb3\u7cb9\u79d1\u5b66\u4fe1\u5949<\/span>\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<\/span>Pragmatism<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u53ea\u6709\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u7528\u7684\u624d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u53d1\u660e\u6bd2\u6c14\u3001\u786c\u94a2\u548c\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba\u79cd\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/span>\/<\/span>\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u6570\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u60f3<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5bfb\u6c42\u771f\u76f8\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u6027<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u88ab<\/span>\u8fdd\u80cc<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u81ea<\/span> 1931 <\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span> 1934 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6570\u91cf\u51e0\u4e4e\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\uff08\u4ece<\/span> 29,000 <\/span>\u964d\u81f3<\/span> 15,000<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5973\u5b66\u751f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u964d\u81f3<\/span> 10%<\/span>\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6559\u6761\u7684\u6559\u6388\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5b66\u751f\u4f4e\u5934\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u804c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u683c\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u652f\u6301<\/span>\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba\u79cd\u4f18\u8d8a\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u88ab\u8feb\u575a\u6301<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u865a\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u6240\u6709\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u4eba\u6216\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\uff08\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u56e0\u5176\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\uff09\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5632\u7b11\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\uff08<\/span>Art and Social Service<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u9664\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5927\u4f17\u76db\u5178\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9a6c\u620f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6587\u5316\u5728\u7f8e\u5b66\u6d3b\u52a8\u9886\u57df\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u827a\u672f\u88ab<\/span><\/strong>\u5f3a\u884c\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u7814\u7a76\u5916\u56fd\u827a\u672f\uff08\u5982\u4fc4\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u91ce\u86ee\uff1b\u6cd5\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u9893\u5e9f\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u5316\uff09\u3002\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\u65af\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u5ba3\u4f20\u5c31\u662f\u827a\u672f<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6587\u5316\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5e\u673a\u6784\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u620f\u5267\u548c\u7535\u5f71\u3002\u620f\u5267\u5fc5\u987b\u6b4c\u9882\u795e\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u53e4\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u795e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u53cd\u6297\u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u5927\u5e1d\u7684\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u9886\u8896\u7ef4\u7279\u91d1\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Wittekind<\/span>\uff09\u5851\u9020\u6210\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u82f1\u96c4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u529b\u91cf\u83b7\u5f97\u5feb\u4e50<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Strength through Joy<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>KdF<\/span>\uff09\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u867d\u7136\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4f11\u95f2\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662f<\/span>\u4e3a\u521b\u5efa\u519b\u4e8b\u56fd\u5bb6\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u89c6\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u3002\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u6e90\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5bb6\u4e3a\u8f6c\u79fb\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u7f29\u77ed\u5de5\u65f6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7528\u5176\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6559\u6761\u6765\u4e3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fa9\u62a4\uff1a\u96c7\u4e3b\u662f\u5929\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9886\u5bfc\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u662f\u5929\u8d4b\u8f83\u5dee\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8ffd\u968f\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c06<\/span>\u786c\u6027\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f3a\u52a0\u7ed9\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u4eba\u6c11<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u996e\u98df\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u6765\u6e90\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u5468\u4e2d\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u8d2b\u4e4f\u98df\u8c31\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ea6\u82bd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5496\u5561\u3001\u63a5\u9aa8\u6728\u6c64\u3001\u571f\u8c46\u548c\u9a6c\u8089\u6c99\u62c9\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u79c1\u751f\u5b50\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u60c5\u51b5\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u5145\u65a5\u7740<\/span>\u4e0d\u771f\u8bda\u6216\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u5e73\u5eb8\u4e4b\u4f5c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u8282\u65e5\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ea4\u9645\u82b1\u7684\u827a\u672f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u5207\u79d1\u5b66\u8d44\u6e90\u5236\u9020\u58f0\u5149\u6548\u679c\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span>\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u76f2\u76ee\u5949\u732e\u548c\u727a\u7272\u7684\u7cbe\u795e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u5c31\uff08<\/span>The German Jew and His Achievements<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u7684\u6743\u529b\u57fa\u7840\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u79cd\u65cf\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u4f18\u8d8a\u8bba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u662f\u6700\u5177\u6d3b\u529b\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d2a\u5a6a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63a0\u593a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u52d2\u7d22\u79bb\u5f00\u6216\u8d4e\u56de\u4eb2\u5c5e\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3a\u8feb\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u501f\u53e3\u662f\u865a\u4f2a\u7684\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u79d8\u5bc6\u7b56\u5212\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6216\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9886\u8896\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4eba\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6770\u51fa\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4ec5\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684<\/span> 1%<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6559\u6388\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5360\u4e86<\/span> 45%<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u81ea<\/span> 1920 <\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff08\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u66fc\uff09\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6d41\u653e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9547\u538b\u548c\u9a71\u9010\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6781\u5927\u5730\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u6587\u5316<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u548c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\uff08<\/span>The Nazis in Austria and Czechoslovakia<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u5bf9\u5965\u5730\u5229\u548c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u5360\u9886\u662f<\/span>\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fb5\u7565<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u5bf9\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u5360\u9886\uff08<\/span>Anschluss<\/span>\uff09\u5c31\u50cf<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8001\u864e\u548c\u5e7c\u5d3d\u7684\u7ed3\u5408<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4ece\u5965\u5730\u5229\u62bd\u8d70\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6<\/span> 8000 <\/span>\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u3001\u5916\u6c47\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5728\u6218\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u7684<\/span>\u6a21\u8303\u6587\u5316\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u6267\u653f\u4e0b\uff08<\/span>1924-1930<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7981\u6b62\u7ae5\u5de5\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u5f00\u8bbe\u514d\u8d39\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c<\/span>\u513f\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u57f9\u8bad\u4e86<\/span> 2700 <\/span>\u540d\u6559\u5e08<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u5230\u6765\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u5728\u9a6c\u8428\u91cc\u514b\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u8457\u540d\u7684<\/span>\u7d22\u79d1\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Sokol<\/span>\uff09\u4f53\u80b2\u8bad\u7ec3\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c06\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u5a31\u4e50\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002\u6377\u514b\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u9f13\u52b1\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6467\u6bc1\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ece\u4e00\u573a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee4\u4eba\u4f5c\u5455\u7684\u9634\u8c0b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u6d88\u9664\u7b3c\u7f69\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u4e0a\u7a7a\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ed1\u4e91<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u66b4\u884c\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u81ea\u6211\u89e3\u653e\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u76d6\u4e16\u592a\u4fdd\u3001\u7a81\u51fb\u961f\u5458\u3001\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u8fd1\u767e\u4e07\u7684\u4eba\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u76ee\u6807\u5927\u7eb2\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6062\u590d\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\uff08\u5728\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u9886\u571f\u8c03\u6574\u540e\uff09\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e2d\u7acb\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u89e3\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u76d6\u4e16\u592a\u4fdd\u548c\u7a81\u51fb\u961f\u5458\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6b66\u88c5\u548c\u89e3\u6563<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u7eb3\u7cb9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9003\u5f80\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5c06<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6b22\u6b23\u9f13\u821e\u5730\u56de\u5f52\u6587\u660e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t