{"id":1899,"date":"2025-12-02T05:56:22","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T21:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1899"},"modified":"2025-12-02T05:56:22","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T21:56:22","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e5%8f%b2%e7%ba%b2%e8%a6%81%e3%80%8bthe-history-of-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1899","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300bThe History of Education"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">0270 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>The History of Education<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image00001-6-661x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"991\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-1900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image00001-6-661x1024.jpg 661w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image00001-6-194x300.jpg 194w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image00001-6-991x1536.jpg 991w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image00001-6.jpg 1265w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5df4\u6069\u65af\u4e0e\u8bfa\u5e03\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b66\u672f\u79d1\u76ee\u7684\u7cbe\u7b80\u6982\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ece<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u6587\u660e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5230<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u8be5\u6982\u8981\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u9ad8\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4ece\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u5230\u675c\u5a01\u7b49<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u8fd8\u89e6\u53ca\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u8865\u52a9<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u5bf9\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u897f\u6b27\u5386\u53f2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The History of Western Europe)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u53e4\u4ee3\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u4ee3\u53f2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 3500 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u5927\u5e1d\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u6253\u7834\u6ce2\u65af\u52bf\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 753 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u80fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u8fd8\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u4f7f\u6587\u660e\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\u5341\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u9ed1\u6697\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">476\u20131000 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u86ee\u65cf\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3001\u6559\u7687\u6743\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1000\u20131492 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u3001\u57ce\u9547\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6210\u957f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fd1\u4ee3<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1492\u20131648 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u7531\u63a2\u7a76\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u53d6\u4ee3\u65e7\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b0\u5b66\u6821\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1648\u20131900 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u63a2\u7a76\u7cbe\u795e\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u8f6c\u5411\u653f\u5e9c<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ece\u6559\u4f1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7279\u6743<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u7cbe\u795e\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6559\u80b2\u65e5\u76ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u5e76\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Education In The United States)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u65f6\u671f\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b27\u6d32\u6839\u6e90<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6e90\u4e8e\u65b0\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6e90\u4e8e\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\uff08\u590d\u5174\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u63a2\u7a76\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1750 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u9662\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u65f6\u671f\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1600\u20131750 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u6001\u5ea6\uff1a\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f3a\u5236\u7ef4\u62a4\u6001\u5ea6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1642 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1647 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff09\uff1b\u4e2d\u90e8\u5404\u5dde\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u533a\u5b66\u6821\u6001\u5ea6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5357\u90e8\u5404\u5dde\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d2b\u6c11\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5e72\u9884\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1750\u20131820 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6b27\u6d32\u5f71\u54cd\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u76f8\u5bf9\u505c\u6ede\uff0c\u4f46<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Academy<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6bd4\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u66f4\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u66f4\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u610f\u8bc6\u5f00\u59cb\u89c9\u9192\uff0c\u5982<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e3b\u65e5\u5b66\u6821\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5170\u5361\u65af\u7279<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d1d\u5c14\u4e92\u52a9\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5efa\u7b51\u65f6\u671f\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1820\u20131860 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5dde\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ecf\u8d39\u652f\u6301<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u7a0e\u6536\u548c\u571f\u5730\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d2b\u6c11\u5b66\u6821<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u89c2\u5ff5\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u63a7\u5236\u6743<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u6d88\u9664\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5dde\u7ea7\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u6784\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u970d\u52d2\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u66fc<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Horace Mann<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4ea8\u5229<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5df4\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Henry Barnard<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u884c\u8005\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5185\u90e8\u91cd\u7ec4\u65f6\u671f\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1860\u20131900 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6b27\u6d32\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u6d8c\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Pestalozzi<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d6b\u5c14\u5df4\u7279<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Herbart<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u8bfe\u5802\u6280\u672f\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u798f\u7984\u8d1d\u5c14<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Froebel<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u5982\u521d\u4e2d\u548c\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u9662\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u6216\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Organization of Education In Great<br \/>\nPeriods or Epochs of History)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u4e2d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u519b\u4e8b\u6548\u7387<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u4e49\u52a1\uff08\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u8010\u529b\uff09\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f53\u64cd\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08\u5982\u5415\u5e93\u5c14\u6208\u65af\u6cd5\u548c\u8377\u9a6c\u8457\u4f5c\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u96c5\u5178<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a <\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65e7\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 479 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u516c\u6c11\u6240\u9700\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u6587\u5316<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u7b97\u672f\uff09\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u4f53\u64cd\u9986\u3002\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u4e8e\u9996\u6b21\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5e76\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b0\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 479 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u540e\uff09\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65e7\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u60f3\u8870\u843d\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u76db\u884c\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u8f6c\u5411\u66f4\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f57\u9a6c<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u7684<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u5305\u62ec\u65e9\u671f\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u521d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Ludus<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e03\u827a\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u4f1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5173\u6ce8\u9053\u5fb7\u6539\u9769\u548c\u62ef\u6551\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6155\u9053\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Catechumenal<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8981\u7406\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Catechetical<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e3b\u6559\u5ea7\u5802\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Cathedral<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Monastic<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73b0\u4e16<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u505a\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6539\u9769\u5305\u62ec\u5f15\u5165\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u65b0\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u5219\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u6743\u5a01<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u4eba\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5206\u5316\uff08\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u548c\u9886\u8896\u670d\u52a1\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u8457\u540d\u6559\u79d1\u4e66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Source Materials For Early Periods and<br \/>\nNotable Textbooks)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u8981<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u6599<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8457\u540d\u6559\u79d1\u4e66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u6599<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u666e\u9c81\u5854\u514b\u7684\u300a\u83b1\u5e93\u53e4\u4f20\u300b\u3001\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u300a\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u300b\u548c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\uff09\uff0c\u6606\u4f53\u826f\u7684\u300a\u6f14\u8bf4\u672f\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff08\u7f57\u9a6c\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u81f4\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5404\u57ce<br \/>\n     \u092e\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u548c\u7406\u4e8b\u957f\u51fd\u300b\uff08\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u79d1\u4e66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u8377\u9a6c\u53f2\u8bd7\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5341\u4e8c\u8868\u6cd5\u300b\uff1b\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5305\u62ec\u5361\u4f69\u62c9\u7684\u300a\u58a8\u4e18\u5229\u548c\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u300b\u548c\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u7684\u300a\u795e\u5b66\u5927\u5168\u300b\uff1b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5305\u62ec\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u6559\u521d\u7ea7\u8bfb\u672c\u300b\u3001\u79d1\u7f8e\u7ebd\u65af\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u89e3\u300b\u548c\u8bfa\u4e9a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u97e6\u4f2f\u65af\u7279\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u62fc\u5199\u4e66\u300b\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Educators of Primary Importance)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u601d\u60f3\u4ea7\u751f\u6839\u672c\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\uff08\u77e5\u8bc6\u5373\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u65e8\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4f53\u8d44\u8d28\uff09\uff0c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u548c\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u963f\u5c14\u6606\uff08\u5bab\u5ef7\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u7ef4\u6258\u91cc\u8bfa<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fbe<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d39\u5c14\u7279\u96f7\u548c\u74dc\u91cc\u8bfa<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fbe<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ef4\u7f57\u7eb3\uff08\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65af\u7279\u59c6\uff08\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6587\u79d1\u4e2d\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u8654\u8bda\u3001\u535a\u5b66\u3001\u96c4\u8fa9\u7684\u4eba\u624d\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u9a6c\u4e01<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8def\u5fb7\uff08\u63d0\u51fa\u666e\u904d\u3001\u514d\u8d39\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u652f\u6301<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff09\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\uff09\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u57f9\u6839\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8005\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\uff09\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u963f\u83ab\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u79d1\u7f8e\u7ebd\u65af\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u611f\u89c9\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u8005<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u666e\u904d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u5206\u7ea7\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u7136\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d1b\u514b\uff08\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u767d\u677f\u8bf4<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5fb7\u884c\u548c\u667a\u6167\u7684\u57f9\u517b\uff09\uff0c\u5362\u68ad\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u513f\u7ae5\u89e3\u653e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u59cb\u4e8e\u513f\u7ae5\u5929\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u5960\u57fa\u4eba<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4ea8\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u6240\u6709<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u80fd\u529b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u5bf9\u79f0\u3001\u548c\u8c10\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u611f\u5b98\u5370\u8c61<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff09\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d6b\u5c14\u5df4\u7279\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u4eba\u54c1\u683c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e94\u6b65\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u798f\u7984\u8d1d\u5c14\uff08\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u548c\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u970d\u52d2\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u66fc\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u521b\u59cb\u4eba<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u666e\u904d\u3001\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u3001\u514d\u8d39<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u89c2\u5ff5\uff09\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5df4\u7eb3\u5fb7\uff08<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u89c9\u9192\u5b66\u8005<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u675c\u5a01\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u751f\u6d3b\u672c\u8eab<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e3a\u751f\u6d3b\u505a\u51c6\u5907\uff1b\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u7387<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u4e54\u74e6\u5c3c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8a79\u8482\u83b1\uff08\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u8005\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u6b21\u8981\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Educators of Secondary Importance)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u5f71\u54cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u5415\u5e93\u5c14\u6208\u65af\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u667a\u8005\uff08\u5982\u666e\u7f57\u5854\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\uff09\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u6606\u4f53\u826f\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff08\u5982\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9a6c\u683c\u52aa\u65af\u3001\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u963f\u594e\u90a3\uff09\uff0c\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff08\u5982\u4f0a\u62c9\u65af\u8c1f\u3001\u79d1\u83b1\u7279\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\uff08\u5982\u8fea\u5fb7\u7f57\u3001\u4f0f\u5c14\u6cf0\u3001\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6770\u6590\u900a\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (National School Systems, and<br \/>\nEuropean Influence on The United States)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u73b0\u524d\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u5b66\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u63a7\u5236\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6218\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u5728<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u51af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d2a\u5821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u590d\u5174\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6539\u9769\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5219\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u6148\u5584<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u613f\u5b66\u6821\u5230<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u8d35\u65cf\u5316\uff09\u5230<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\uff0c\u66f4\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\uff09\u518d\u5230<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ad8\u4e2d<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u516c\u5171\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1872 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5361\u62c9\u9a6c\u7956\u6848<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u786e\u7acb\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b27\u6d32\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u5f3a\u5236\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u6559\u533a\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u8d2b\u6c11\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u3001\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u4e3b\u65e5\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u5170\u5361\u65af\u7279\u5236\uff09\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u671f\uff08\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50\u3001\u8d6b\u5c14\u5df4\u7279\u3001\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09\u6b27\u6d32\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\uff1a\u521d\u4e2d\u3001\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u5b66\u6821<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Junior High School, The Junior<br \/>\nCollege, The Universities, and Special and Type Schools)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u521d\u4e2d\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Junior<br \/>\n     High School<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 19 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u7531\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Eliot<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7f29\u77ed\u5927\u5b66\u51c6\u5907\u65f6\u95f4\u8f6c\u5411<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2a\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u6307\u5bfc<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Junior<br \/>\n     College<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">20 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 10 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u3001\u666e\u53ca\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6559\u80b2\u804c\u80fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5927\u5b66\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Universities<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Studia generalia<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u7279\u6743\u3002\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u4f7f\u65b0\u5b66\u95ee\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1810 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u786e\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u539f\u521b\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b66\u672f\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u88c1\u51b3<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1819 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u83ab\u91cc\u5c14\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1862 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7279\u6b8a\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u519b\u4e8b\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u96c5\u5178\u4f53\u64cd\u9986\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> Ludus<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u5982\u6155\u9053\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u5982<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u79d1\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> Realschulen<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff1a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5386\u53f2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The History of The Curriculum)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u8bfe\u7a0b\u968f\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4ece\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f53\u64cd\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u96c5\u5178\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e09\u827a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u7b97\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u80b2\u786e\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e03\u827a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Trivium<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6587\u6cd5\u3001\u4fee\u8f9e\u3001\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff1b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Quadrivium<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u51e0\u4f55\u3001\u5929\u6587\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u5178\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1b\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u767d\u8bdd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Realism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u8fd0\u52a8\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u5b9e\u79d1\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Realschule<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u72ec\u5360\u5230<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Multiple-curricula<br \/>\n     idea<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u591a\u6837\u5316\u548c\u96c6\u6210<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Bonser, Snedden, Bobbitt, Charters, Rugg<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\uff1a\u5e7c\u513f\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Education of Very Young Children,<br \/>\nEducation of The Handicapped, and Adult Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u5173\u6ce8\u7279\u6b8a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e7c\u513f\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5a74\u513f\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Infant School<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5982<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> Robert Owen <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u521b\u529e\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6bcd\u80b2\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u0115coles maternelles\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Kindergarten<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u3002\u5e76\u63d0\u5230<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6258\u513f\u6240<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Day<br \/>\n     nursery<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e7c\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982\u8036\u9c81\u548c\u7231\u8377\u534e\u7684\uff09\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u76f2\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Valentin Hauy<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e03\u83b1\u53f6\u76f2\u6587<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u80a2\u4f53\u6b8b\u75be\u8005\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Kurtz<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b66\u6821\uff09\uff0c\u804b\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Abbe de l&#8217;\u00c9p\u00e9e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e3\u8bed<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\/<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5507\u8bfb\u6cd5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u529b\u7f3a\u9677\u8005\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Seguin<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6bd4\u5948\u91cf\u8868<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 18 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e3b\u65e5\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6280\u5de5\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Mechanics&#8217; Institutions<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4eba\u6c11\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">People&#8217;s<br \/>\n     College<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5219\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u591c\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5927\u5b66\u5ef6\u4f38\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Lyceums<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u4ee5\u53ca\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u6821\u793e\u56e2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Relations of The<br \/>\nFederal Government of The United States To Education, Vocational Education and<br \/>\nGuidance, and Notable School Societies)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u9879\u6761\u6b3e\uff08\u5982\u5f81\u7a0e\u6743\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u5408\u540c\uff09\u95f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u300a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u83ab\u91cc\u5c14\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1862 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u8d60\u4e88\u5b66\u9662\uff09\u548c\u300a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f11\u65af\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1917 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u52a9\uff09\u7b49\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u7acb<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8054\u90a6\u6559\u80b2\u5c40<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">United<br \/>\n     States Office of Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u6765\u884c\u4f7f\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6307\u5bfc<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5bf9\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b66\u5f92\u5236<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5230<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6280\u5de5\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982\u4f26\u6566\u6280\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u519c\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> Fellenberg <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u673a\u6784\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4fc4\u56fd\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Victor<br \/>\n     della Vos<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u6d41\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u804c\u4e1a\u6307\u5bfc<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fd0\u52a8\u7531 <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Frank Parsons<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1908 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u804c\u4e1a\u5c40\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u591a\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6307\u5bfc<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">guidance<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u6821\u793e\u56e2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6148\u5584\u548c\u6148\u5584\u56e2\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4fc3\u8fdb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u77e5\u8bc6\u5b66\u4f1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u516c\u5171\u5b66\u6821\u5b66\u4f1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e3a\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\uff1b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Teacher Training;<br \/>\nTests, Measurements, and Statistical Research; and Definitions and Ultimate<br \/>\nAims of Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 17 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\uff08\u5982<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> Father D<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u0115mia \u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> Abbe de la Salle <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u521b\u529e\u7684\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u3002\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e08\u8303\u6559\u80b2\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u5dde\u7acb\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1839 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u5728\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d6b\u5c14\u5df4\u7279\u5b66\u6d3e\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Francis Gallon<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Cattell<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9996\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Mental<br \/>\n     Tests and Measurements<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Binet<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1905 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u91cf\u8868<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fc3\u7406\u5e74\u9f84<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Mental Age<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Thorndike<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53ca\u5176\u5b66\u751f\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 20 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u5c31\u6d4b\u9a8c<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982\u62fc\u5199\u3001\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u91cf\u8868\uff09\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u672c\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8457\u540d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u54c1\u683c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\/<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982\u8d6b\u5c14\u5df4\u7279\uff09\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b8c\u7f8e\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u3001\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50\uff09\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\uff09\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5316<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">W. T. Harris<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\/<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u675c\u5a01\uff0c\u8a79\u8482\u83b1\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u671f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Dates In The History of Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u4e0a\u91cd\u8981\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u7279\u6d1b\u4f0a\u6218\u4e89\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1200 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 20 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u878d\u5408\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1954 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u603b\u7ed3\u6d1e\u5bdf<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Insight)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u548c\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u80cc\u540e\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u54f2\u5b66\u9a71\u52a8\u529b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u63a2\u7a76\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\u89c2\u5ff5\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\uff08\u5982\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4ece\u8d2b\u6c11\u5b66\u6821\u5230\u5dde\u7acb\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1951 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u91cd\u5370\u672c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u8005<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6587\u5316\u89c6\u91ce\u6269\u5c55<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NCh3ke3jGE33SGVjFewLKuBzJt3SiM6z\/preview\" width=\"800\" height=\"1080\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e660270 &nbsp; \u300a\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300bThe History of Education &nbsp; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[163],"class_list":["post-1899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-5","tag-163"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1899"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1899\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1901,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1899\/revisions\/1901"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}