{"id":1856,"date":"2025-11-27T05:52:28","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T21:52:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1856"},"modified":"2025-11-27T05:52:28","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T21:52:28","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95%e3%80%8b-the-development-of-education-in-the-twentieth-century","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1856","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u300b  The Development of Education in the Twentieth Century"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">0256 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>The Development of Education in the Twentieth Century<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00006-15-731x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"897\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-1857\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00006-15-731x1024.jpg 731w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00006-15-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00006-15-768x1075.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00006-15-1097x1536.jpg 1097w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00006-15-1463x2048.jpg 1463w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00006-15.jpg 1602w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5982<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u88f4\u65af\u5854\u6d1b\u9f50\u548c\u8d6b\u5c14\u5df4\u7279<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b49\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fdb\u6b65\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5404\u4e2a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u82cf\u4fc4\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u548c\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u8fd8\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u63a8\u52a8<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6982\u8ff0\u4e0e\u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e3a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u4e60\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u975e\u4e25\u683c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u6982\u89c8\u3002\u518d\u7248\u5185\u5bb9\u5df2\u66f4\u65b0\u81f3\u6700\u65b0\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u7edf\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u9769\u548c\u518d\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u867d\u7136\u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5e76\u6d89\u53ca\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Modernizing Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">A. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bfc\u8bba<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Introduction)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5982\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u98de\u673a\u3001\u653e\u5c04\u6280\u672f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\uff08\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3001\u666e\u6717\u514b\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u533b\u5b66\u7a81\u7834\uff08\u78fa\u80fa\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u3001\u9752\u9709\u7d20\u3001\u8840\u5e93\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u5982\u8d22\u5bcc\u96c6\u4e2d\u3001\u8d2b\u56f0\u548c\u5931\u4e1a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u53d7\u5230\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u81f3\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ef7\u503c\u4f4e\uff09\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8986\u76d6\u9762\u66f4\u5e7f\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u80b2\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u5229\u7528\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u73b0\u72b6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u529b\u91cf\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6559\u80b2\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u503e\u5411\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6559\u5b66\uff08\u5982\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7f\u64ad\u548c\u7535\u5f71\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">B. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5148\u9a71<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Antecedents of Modern<br \/>\nEducation)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u8282\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff1a<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8ba9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u96c5\u514b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5362\u68ad<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Jean-Jacques Rousseau)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ed6\u62a8\u51fb\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u5c0a\u91cd\u513f\u7ae5\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u7136<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u524d\u6559\u6388\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4eb2\u8eab\u4f53\u9a8c<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f18\u4e8e\u4e66\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f2f\u6069\u54c8\u5fb7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5df4\u585e\u591a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Johann Bernhard Basedow)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ed6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5362\u68ad\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1774 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u521b\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6148\u5584\u5b66\u9662<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Philanthropinum)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u80b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u987a\u5e94\u81ea\u7136<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e76\u5229\u7528<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6e38\u620f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u65e8\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u57f9\u517b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ed6\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u6240\u6709<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u624d\u80fd<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u6e10\u8fdb\u548c\u548c\u8c10\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u624b\u3001\u5fc3\u548c\u5934\u3002\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u52a8\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u601d\u8003\u7684\u7231<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u4eba\u9053\u548c\u4f53\u8c05\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u8bfe\u5802\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u8d39\u4f26\u4f2f\u683c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Philip von Fellenberg) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u970d\u592b\u7ef4\u5c14\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u8be5\u5b66\u9662\u5c06\u8bfb\u5199\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d6b\u5c14\u5df4\u7279<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Johann Friedrich Herbart)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ed6\u4f7f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u66f4\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u8c10\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u54c1\u683c<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5174\u8da3<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4f7f\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b58\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u4ed6\u5021\u5bfc<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5174\u8da3<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7edf\u89c9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5df2\u77e5\u5b66\u4e60\u672a\u77e5\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u798f\u7984\u8d1d\u5c14<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Friedrich Froebel)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u6211\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u505a\u4e2d\u5b66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4ed6\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6069\u7269<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f15\u9886\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u624b\u5de5\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u9996\u5148\u5728\u82ac\u5170\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7W\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e15\u514b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Francis W. Parker)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u6b65\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u7236\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6606\u897f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5c06<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u513f\u7ae5\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u5b66\u79d1\u5173\u8054<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (correlation)<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u675c\u5a01<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (John Dewey) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4ece\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f6c\u5411<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\/<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6539\u5584\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6f84\u6e05\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e92\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u5373\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5373\u6210\u957f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u6821\u5fc5\u987b\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u533a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">D. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fdb\u6b65\u6559\u80b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Progressive Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fdb\u6b65\u6559\u80b2\u534f\u4f1a\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">PEA<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1918-19 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u5219\u56f4\u7ed5<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5174\u8da3\u9a71\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0e\u5b66\u6821\u5408\u4f5c\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u739b\u4e3d\u57c3\u5854<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Marietta Johnson) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u8d39\u5c14\u970d\u666e\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u5373\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6210\u957f\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5979\u63a8\u8fdf\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bfb\u5199\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u81f3<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 9-10 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c81\uff09\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u6c1b\u56f4\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5a01\u5ec9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7H\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u514b\u4f2f\u5c48<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (William H. Kilpatrick) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Project Method)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u514b\u4f2f\u5c48\u5c06\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7531\u8877\u3001\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u540c\u65f6\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u5173\u8054\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4f34\u968f\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u8427\u6761\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fdb\u6b65\u6559\u80b2\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b66\u6821\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u89d2\u8272<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b66\u6821\u5e94\u6279\u8bc4\u73b0\u6709\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u9752\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">E. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fdb\u6b65\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Essentialists)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ee5\u5a01\u5ec9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7C\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5df4\u683c\u5229<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (William C. Bagley) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e3a\u9996\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u4f20\u627f\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u7b97\u672f\u7b49\u79d1\u76ee\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u88ab<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5174\u8da3<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u7531<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u8bf1\u4eba\u5b66\u8bf4\u6240\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u63d0\u5021<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u52aa\u529b\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u535a\u4f0a\u5fb7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7H\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u535a\u5fb7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Boyd H. Bode) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u6279\u5224<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u8fdb\u6b65\u6559\u80b2\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u786e\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c11\u4e3b\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fc7\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u3001\u968f\u610f\u3001\u5076\u7136<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc4\u4f30<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u516b\u5e74\u7814\u7a76<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Eight-Year Study) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b49\u8bc4\u4f30\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u4e0e\u65e7\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\u597d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u4f73\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u5165\u5b66\u8981\u6c42\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u9700\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (National Systems)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u884c\u653f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5206\u6743<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u62b1\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1870 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\u786e\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53cc\u91cd\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u516c\u5171\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u5e76\u5b58\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u516c\u5b66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u79c1\u7acb\u9884\u5907\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3a\u8003\u8bd5\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\u800c\u53d7\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1944 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5df4\u7279\u52d2\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u514d\u8d39\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u5e74\u9f84\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 15 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c81\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6cd5\u56fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u9ad8\u5ea6<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u6c11\u65cf\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u514d\u8d39\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5305\u62ec<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6bcd\u80b2\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">2-6 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c81\uff0c\u975e\u5f3a\u5236\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c0f\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5f3a\u5236<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 6-13 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c81\uff09\u3002\u6218\u540e\uff08\u6717\u4e4b\u4e07\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6240\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u514d\u8d39\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7eb3<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d3b\u52a8\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fb7\u56fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u53d7<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u56fd\u5bb6\u81f3\u4e0a\u548c\u670d\u4ece\u3002\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1919<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u7684\u56db\u5e74\u5236<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u57fa\u7840\u5b66\u6821<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Grundschule)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5728<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0b\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u5f81\u7528\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8eab\u4f53<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u704c\u8f93\u3002\u6218\u540e\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1945 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u518d\u6559\u80b2\u4efb\u52a1\u9762\u4e34\u5de8\u5927\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u610f\u5927\u5229<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5174\u8d77\u4e8e\u6218\u540e\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8a79\u8482\u83b1\u6539\u9769<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Gentile reform)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1923 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d35\u65cf\u5316<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u4ec5\u9650\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u3002\u8a79\u8482\u83b1\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u80b2\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u89c6\u5176\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u738b\u51a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df4\u5229\u62c9\u5de5\u4f5c\u56e2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (ONB)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u519b\u4e8b\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5206\u5b50\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u6218\u6597<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6c99\u7687\u4fc4\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u6587\u76f2\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u53d7\u6559\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u675f\u7f1a\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u626b\u76f2\u3001\u514d\u8d39\u3001\u666e\u904d\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u91c7\u53d6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u68af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5236\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u7528\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u540e\u671f\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">20 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 30 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u6279\u8bc4<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9053\u5c14\u987f\u8ba1\u5212<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u8bfe\u5802\u6559\u5b66\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5176\u4ed6\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Some Other Developments)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">D. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Individualizing Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9053\u5c14\u987f\u8ba1\u5212<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Dalton Plan)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6d77\u4f26<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e15\u514b\u8d6b\u65af\u7279<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Helen Parkhurst) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f1a\u8bae<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5408\u540c\u4efb\u52a1<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u6708\u5ea6\u4efb\u52a1\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b66\u751f\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8282\u594f\u548c\u5174\u8da3\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6e29\u5185\u7279\u5361\u8ba1\u5212<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Winnetka Plan)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5361\u5c14\u987f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c83\u4ec0\u4f2f\u6069<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Carleton Washburne) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fbe\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u76ee\u6807<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">E. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u666e\u62c9\u56fe\u5b66\u6821\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Platoon School Movement)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5a01\u5ec9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c83\u7279<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (William Wirt) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5dde\u52a0\u91cc<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Gary) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5fb7\u3001\u667a\u3001\u4f53\u3001\u7f8e\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5b66\u6821\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5229\u7528\uff08\u5982\u5ef6\u957f\u6821\u65e5\u3001\u5f15\u5165<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5de5\u8bfb\u73a9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u5320\u62c5\u4efb\u6559\u5e08\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">G. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5927\u5b66\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Modernizing the College)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9762\u5bf9\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5165\u5b66\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5f55\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u8d85\u8d8a\u5355\u4e00\u8003\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982\u54c8\u4f5b\u8ba1\u5212\uff09\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u5177\u6709\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8363\u8a89\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5982\u65af\u6c83\u65af\u83ab\u5c14\u5b66\u9662\uff09\u4e3a\u4f18\u79c0\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">H. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Adult Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u5fd7\u613f\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u804c\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u4e39\u9ea6\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c11\u4f17\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Folk High Schools)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u683c\u4f26\u7279\u7ef4\u683c\u548c\u79d1\u5c14\u5fb7\u521b\u7acb\uff09\u662f\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d3b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u8003\u8bd5\u6216\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">I. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5de5\u4eba\u6559\u80b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Workers&#8217; Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3b\u529e\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff08\u5982\u56fd\u9645\u5973\u88c5\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff09\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f1a\u6548\u7387\u3001\u52b3\u5de5\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9ad8\u5730\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6821<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Highlander Folk School)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5408\u4f5c\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u88ab\u675c\u5a01\u8a89\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">A. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Scientific Movement in<br \/>\nEducation)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u59cb\u4e8e\u8d6b\u5c14\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u547c\u5401\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">G. Stanley Hall <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5\u7814\u7a76\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9ea6\u57fa\u6069<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5361\u7279\u5c14<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (James<br \/>\n     McKeen Cattell) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u300a\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6d4b\u91cf\u300b\u3002\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6bd4\u5185<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Alfred Binet) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u968f\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u7ea6\u745f\u592b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7M\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8d56\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Joseph M. Rice) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u62fc\u5199\u80fd\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7L\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6851\u4ee3\u514b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Edward L. Thorndike) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u5c31\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u51e1\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u7686\u6709\u5176\u91cf<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e14<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u91cf\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6d41\u6d3e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a <\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Functionalism)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5173\u6ce8\u610f\u8bc6\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7528\u9014\u6216\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8054\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Connectionism)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6851\u4ee3\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u523a\u6fc0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53cd\u5e94<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (S-R) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Behaviorism)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u534e\u751f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Watson) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u63a8\u5d07<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u5c04<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u6e90\u81ea\u5df4\u752b\u6d1b\u592b\uff09\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5a74\u513f\u53ea\u6709\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u6124\u6012\u548c\u7231\u4e09\u79cd\u539f\u59cb\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Gestalt Psychology)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u79d1\u592b\u5361<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Koffka)<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u79d1\u52d2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (Kohler) <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b49\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5fc3\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u7531\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u3001\u5206\u79bb\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6574\u4f53<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6216<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u683c\u5f0f\u5854<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u5f0f\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> S-R <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">K. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (International Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u901a\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u68a6\u60f3<br \/>\n\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u673a\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u77e5\u8bc6\u5408\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">(CIC)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (UNESCO)<\/span><\/b><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\uff09\u4e5f\u79ef\u6781\u53d1\u5c55\u6587\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u63a8\u5e7f\u672c\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fdb\u6b65\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u610f\u3001\u4fc4\u7b49\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff08\u5982\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u5851\u9020\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u89c6\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff08\u5982\u5362\u68ad\u3001\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50\u3001\u675c\u5a01\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u98ce\u683c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u72b9\u5982\u4e00\u5e45\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u753b\u5377\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5ba1\u89c6\u81ea\u8eab\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Sn7iJHSLCXuHKcz2nY_ijPar6oFB7lZF\/preview\" width=\"800\" height=\"1080\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e660256 &nbsp; \u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u300b The Development of Educati 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