{"id":1850,"date":"2025-11-27T05:47:56","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T21:47:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1850"},"modified":"2025-11-27T05:47:56","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T21:47:56","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e7%90%86%e6%83%b3%e3%80%8bthe-democratic-ideal-in-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1850","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u300bThe Democratic Ideal in Education"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">0254 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><strong><u>\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><strong><u>The Democratic Ideal in Education<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00001-37-686x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"955\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1851\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00001-37-686x1024.jpg 686w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00001-37-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00001-37-768x1146.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00001-37-1029x1536.jpg 1029w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image00001-37.jpg 1158w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1903 \u5e74\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u56f4\u7ed5 <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5c55\u5f00\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u7740\u91cd\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4f11\u65af\u5c16\u9510\u5730\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u5fb7\u6cd5\u4e24\u56fd\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u91cd\u7684 <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b98\u50da\u6559\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u5b66\u751f\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684 <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4ed6\u6781\u529b\u5021\u5bfc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u4e14\u5bcc\u4e8e <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f39\u6027<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u76f4\u5230\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u4eab\u6709 <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b8c\u5168\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6743\u5229<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u4f11\u65af\u6279\u8bc4\u6b27\u6d32\u4f53\u5236\u538b\u5236 <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u6027<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5e76\u5b58\u5728\u9636\u7ea7\u56fa\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u867d\u6ce8\u91cd\u54c1\u683c\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9636\u7ea7\u6b67\u89c6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u548c\u4e1a\u4f59\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f53\u7cfb\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6574\u5408\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5e76\u975e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5806\u780c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7cbe\u795e <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u81ea\u77e5\u548c\u81ea\u5236\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u6709\u62c5\u5f53\u7684\u3001 <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u516c\u6c11<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u5546\u4e1a\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5373\u65f6\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bfc\u8bba\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Introduction<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5bfc\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u56f4\u7ed5\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u751a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4e14\u5174\u8da3\u591a\u662f\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u8d39\u529b\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e00<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9ec4\u91d1\u673a\u4f1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u5173\u4e4e\u6c11\u65cf\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u6c38\u4e45\u4e14\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5168\u6c11\u51b7\u6f20<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5168\u6c11\u8b66\u60d5<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8b66\u60d5\u9700\u8981<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5168\u6c11\u667a\u6167<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u2014\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u51fb\u8d25\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u51fb\u8d25\u9b54\u9b3c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">to beat the devil<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u672c\u56fd\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5176\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u6548\u7387\uff09\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0d\u7406\u667a\u7684\u94a6\u4f69<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8868\u793a\u6df1\u5207\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6211\u65b9\u5b66\u6821\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5916\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6562\u4e8e\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u5374\u5f88\u5c11<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u6620\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5fc5\u987b\u57f9\u517b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u513f\u7ae5<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u800c\u975e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u513f\u7ae5<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u60f3\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">National Types and Educational Ideals<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u751f\u6d3b\u6cb3\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d9f\u6f2a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u751f\u52a8\u4e14\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u590d\u6742\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u95f4\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5dee\u5f02\u6b63\u5728\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7406\u60f3\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u7531\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u673a\u68b0\u53d1\u660e\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u589e\u957f\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5546\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u66b4\u653f\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ae5\u5de5\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u4e07\u80fd\u8bba<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u7acb\u5728<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9519\u8bef\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u62ef\u6551<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u627f\u53d7\u6c38\u4e45\u793e\u4f1a\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bc5\u5492\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u795d\u798f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b98\u50da\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5fb7\u56fd\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b98\u50da\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5b98\u50da\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u516d\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u638c\u63a7\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u96f6\u4ef6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u673a\u5668<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u7a33\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u6548\u7387\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u592a\u9ad8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u538b\u5236\u4e86\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u667a\u529b\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u55a7\u56a3\u8352\u91ce<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u7f8e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5546\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u7531\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u751f\u4ea7\u8005<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u82f1\u7f8e\u793e\u533a\u5c06<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u54c1\u683c\u653e\u5728\u9996\u4f4d<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bfb\u627e\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u4e2a\u6027\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u533a\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u662f\u795e\u5723\u7684<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u62e5\u6709\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u6700\u540e\u8b66\u544a\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u548c\u667a\u529b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u88ab\u5938\u5927\u4e86<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u957f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Democratic Ideal in Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u745e\u58eb\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u5c71\u8109\u4e2d\uff08\u83ab\u5c14\u52a0\u6ed5\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6210\u719f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b27\u6d32\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\uff1a<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b27\u6d32\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u53ea\u6709\u6295\u7968\u6743\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bad\u7ec3\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u5176\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u9014\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">ad hoc education<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u82f1\u7f8e\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\uff08\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u627f\u8ba4<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u5229\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u9996\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u624d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5b98\u50da\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u53ea\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6d41\u661f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Legality<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001\u53cb\u7231\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Fraternity<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Equality<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5e73\u7b49\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\u610f\u5473\u7740<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u671f\u671b\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c11\u4e3b\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6559\u80b2\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81ea\u77e5\u3001\u81ea\u5c0a\u548c\u81ea\u63a7<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u704c\u8f93<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f15\u51fa<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u4f53\u5185\u5fc3\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u3001\u6700\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u2014\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56da\u7981\u7684\u5149\u8f89<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5177\u6709\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Solidarity<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u6ca1\u6709\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u5b97\u6d3e\u6216\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6240<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u6c11\u5b66\u6821<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u8be5\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u5230\u5927\u5b66\u9884\u79d1\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Secondary School<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u516c\u6c11<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5de5\u5320\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Independence<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u3001\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u4e2d\u5b66\u90fd\u5e94\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u4e14\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u6210\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u516c\u6c11<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Reality<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u8bfe\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u771f\u5b9e\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u7528\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u8bfe\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u57f9\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u5d07\u62dc\u8005<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 <\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u6bcd\u8bed\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u7ed8\u753b\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u884c\u52a8\u8005<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u83b7\u53d6\u79cd\u65cf\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5d07\u62dc\u8005<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u5bf9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f8e\u597d\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u5d07\u9ad8<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5d07\u656c\u611f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73af\u5883\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u521d\u7ea7\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7b97\u672f\uff08\u91cf\u5316\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5730\u7406\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u4e2d\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5c0f\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u548c\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcd\u8bed\u5b66\u4e60\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Ideal in Practice<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u666e\u9c81\u58eb<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\/<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fb7\u56fd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u62e5\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9636\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Volksschulen<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e3b\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u5c42\uff09\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u5212\u5206\uff08\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u6559\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6559\u5b66\u6548\u7387\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u6587\u76f2\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u68af<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6cd5\u56fd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5b66\u6821\u7531\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5c0f\u5b66\u4e3a\u4e0b\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b66\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Lyc\u00e9e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u9636\u5c42\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u540c\u6837<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6ca1\u6709\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u68af<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u8d39\u7528\u9ad8\u6602\uff0c\u7a77\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u516c\u7acb\u5c0f\u5b66\u53ea\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u667a\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0a\u5c42\u5b66\u6821\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Public Schools<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5c06<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u54c1\u683c\u7f6e\u4e8e\u667a\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u667a\u529b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8511\u89c6\u548c\u4e1a\u4f59\u7cbe\u795e\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">amateurishness<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002\u79c1\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u9c7c\u9f99\u6df7\u6742\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u521d\u7ea7\u548c\u4e2d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6700\u660e\u663e\u3002\u62e5\u6709\u4ece\u514d\u8d39\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u5230\u514d\u8d39\u5927\u5b66\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u90e8\u95e8\uff08\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u3001\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u4e2d\u5b66\uff09\u548c\u6559\u5e08\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5b98\u65b9\u7b49\u7ea7\u533a\u5206\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u5e08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u56e2\u7ed3\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u9f13\u52b1<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2a\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u6559\u5e08\u672a\u7ecf\u57f9\u8bad\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u906d\u53d7\u653f\u6cbb\u64cd\u63a7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\u4f7f\u5176\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u56f0\u96be\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Difficulties<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u963b\u788d\u6559\u80b2\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u969c\u788d\uff08\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u7b49\u7ea7\u89c2\u5ff5\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002 <\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fb7\u56fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u516d\u5c81\u65f6\u8fdb\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Volksschulen,<br \/>\n      Real schools, Gymnasien<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u672a\u6765\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u8def\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6cd5\u56fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u9636\u7ea7\u533a\u522b\u4ecd\u7136\u4e25\u683c\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u5c24\u5176\u53cd\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6df7\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u683c\u5170<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u9636\u7ea7\u89c2\u5ff5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u5b81\u613f\u9001\u5b69\u5b50\u53bb\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u7684\u79c1\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u7acb\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u9636\u5c42\u8574\u85cf\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u667a\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b97\u6559\u56f0\u96be\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fb7\u56fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u6309\u5b97\u6d3e\u9694\u79bb\uff08\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u6559\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5b97\u6d3e\u5dee\u5f02\u6c38\u4e45\u5316\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6cd5\u56fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u5e76\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Congregational schools<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4e86\u7ea6\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821\u4e5f\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u533a\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u5b66\u56f0\u96be\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u5ac1\u63a5\u5230\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e0a\u3002 <\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u73b0\u6709\u5c0f\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff08\u4ee5\u6bcd\u8bed\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff09\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff08\u4ee5\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff09<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8131\u8282<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4e2d\u5b66\u5bf9\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u66b4\u653f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5165\u5b66\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u7f8e\u56fd\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 14 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c81\u5f00\u59cb\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u56db\u5e74\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u592a\u77ed\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b66\u751f\u9009\u62d4\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8352\u8c2c\u800c\u53ef\u60b2\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5b83\u6545\u610f\u538b\u5236\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4f9d\u9760<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u5e08\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u7531\u5c0f\u5b66\u548c\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u7ec4\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u667a\u529b\u73cd\u5b9d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Conclusions<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5373<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u613f\u666f\u4e0e\u6539\u9769\u9700\u6c42<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u91cd\u7533\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u662f\u6d88\u9664\u9636\u7ea7\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u5b97\u6d3e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u826f\u836f\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u6570\u636e\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 19 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 20 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff09\uff1a<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c0f\u5b66\u5165\u5b66\u7387\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7ea6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 18%<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ea6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 16%<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ea6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 20%<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e08\u8d44\u57f9\u8bad\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> \u5fb7\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5408\u683c\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5c11\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7f3a\u4e4f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1% <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u63a5\u53d7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u800c\u82f1\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8d28\u91cf\u80fd\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u6216\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u9700\u8981\uff1a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u66f4\u591a\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u6559\u5e08<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1b\u5b9e\u73b0\u57ce\u4e61\u5b66\u6821\u5e73\u7b49\uff1b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3001\u5408\u7406\u5316\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b66\u6821\u95f4\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u534f\u8c03\u6027<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4f7f\u6709\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8fc7\u6e21\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5efa\u9020<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u5723\u6bbf<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u547c\u5401\u82f1\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6765\u5efa\u8bbe\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u773c\u524d\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6210\u529f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u8005\u6240\u79c9\u6301\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u57f9\u517b<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4eba<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">complete men<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u2014\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65e2\u662f\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u52a8\u7269<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">good<br \/>\nanimals<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\uff08\u5982\u6539\u5584\u4f4f\u623f\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u53ef\u963b\u6321\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u4e4b\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b83\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u94f6\u884c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u50a8\u5b58\u7740\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6c11\u65cf\u8d44\u672c\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6709\u6587\u5316\u4e14\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6570\u91cf<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u603b\u4f53\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u5bf9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 20 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u529b\u4f5c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> R. E. Hughes <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65d7\u5e1c\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">ad hoc<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u867d\u7136\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Instructional<br \/>\nefficiency<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8be5\u4e66\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u82f1\u7f8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u60f3<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Character<br \/>\nfirst, intellect subsequent<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09 \u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u9700\u8981<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u534f\u8c03<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u5373\u4ece\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u5230\u5927\u5b66\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u68af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u656c\u754f\u548c\u5bf9\u667a\u529b\u76f2\u76ee\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u8b66\u60d5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5c24\u4e3a\u5c16\u9510\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u504f\u89c1\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4f4e\u6548\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e1a\u4f59\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5b97\u6d3e\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><b><span 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