{"id":1838,"date":"2025-11-25T05:27:37","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T21:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1838"},"modified":"2025-11-25T05:27:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T21:27:37","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%a4%a7%e5%ad%a6%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%8c%83%e5%9b%b4%e4%b8%8e%e6%9c%ac%e8%b4%a8%e3%80%8b-the-scope-nature-of-university-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1838","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u672c\u8d28\u300b The Scope Nature of University Education"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0250 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u672c\u8d28<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/b>\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThe
\nScope Nature of University Education<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4ea8\u5229<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7ebd\u66fc\uff08<\/span>John Henry
\nNewman<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e<\/span>1852<\/span>\u5e74\u4e3a\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5927\u5b66\uff08<\/span>Irish
\nCatholic University<\/span>\uff09\u7b79\u5907\u800c\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u8ff0\u540e\u6765\u4ee5\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u6027\u8d28\u300b\uff08<\/span>The
\nScope and Nature of a University Education<\/span>\uff09\u4e4b\u540d\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Idea of a University<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u7ebd\u66fc\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>Liberal Education<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u8eab\u5373\u662f\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u5584\uff08<\/span>Knowledge is its own end<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7bc7\u7ae0\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e16\u4fd7\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u8bc1\u660e\u795e\u5b66\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u5206\u652f\u7eb3\u5165\u5927\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5ffd\u89c6\u795e\u5b66\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u72ed\u9698\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u4ec5\u4e3a\u57f9\u517b\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u7eaf<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u60c5\u611f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6216<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u54c1\u5473<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u800c\u975e\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u601d\u6f6e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u603b\u89c8\u4e0e\u524d\u8a00<\/span> (Preface & Advertisement)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8457\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u662f\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u7ecf\u5386\u60b2\u4f24\u3001\u7126\u8651\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0d\u9002\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u6240\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6bd4\u4ed6\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u8f83\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u8bba\u8ff0\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86\u6210\u7acb\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u975e\u5173\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8eab<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6559\u5b97\uff08<\/span>Supreme Pontiff<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u6210\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u9996\u8981\u4e14\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e3a\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u6216\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u8fc7\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5f92\u8c0b\u53d6<\/span>\u7cbe\u795e\u798f\u7949<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u5f71\u54cd\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u7528<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u9662<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u300c<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\u300d\uff08<\/span>to discover<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u300c<\/span>\u6559\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u300d\uff08<\/span>to teach<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u5929\u8d4b\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002 <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      \n
    • \n\t\t\t\u5b66\u672f\u9662<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Academies<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\t\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Universities<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u8bbe\u7acb\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span>\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u4f20\u6388\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    • \n\t\t\u57f9\u517b\u7ec5\u58eb\u4e0e\u5fc3\u667a\u6587\u5316<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9886\u8896\u8bbe\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9752\u5e74\u4eab\u6709\u4e0e\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f18\u52bf<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5373<\/span>\u667a\u529b\u7684\u6587\u5316<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>culture of the intellect<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u57f9\u517b\u65e8\u5728\u8d4b\u4e88\u5fc3\u667a<\/span>\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u6c89\u7a33\u3001\u5168\u9762\u6027\u548c\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u57f9\u517b\uff08<\/span>mental formation<\/span>\uff09\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5b66\u4e60\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u539f\u5219\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u8fc7\u6587\u6cd5\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u3001\u5730\u7406\u548c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u97f5\u5f8b\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
      \n<\/div>\n

      \n\t\u5404\u7ae0\u8282\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bba\u8ff0<\/span> (Discourses)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\tDISCOURSE I: Theology a Branch of Knowledge (<\/span><\/b>\u795e\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f<\/span>)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u5c06\u795e\u5b66\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u5916\u662f<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u8352\u8c2c<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>an intellectual absurdity<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n\t\t\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u56f4<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\u65e2\u7136\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\uff08<\/span>by its very name<\/span>\uff09\u5ba3\u79f0\u6559\u6388\u300c<\/span>\u666e\u904d\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\u300d\uff08<\/span>universal knowledge<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u6392\u9664\u795e\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u6392\u9664\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ed3\u8bba\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u57df\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u975e\u5e38\u8d2b\u4e4f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e8c\u3001\u8fd9\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u540d\u4e0d\u7b26\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u795e\u5b66\u5373\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u300d\uff08<\/span>God<\/span>\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u5b66\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5c31\u56ca\u62ec\u3001\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u7406\u89e3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65b0\u6559\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<\/span>Protestantism<\/span>\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u60c5\u611f\u6216\u60c5\u64cd<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>feeling or sentiment<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u771f\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u5e94\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u5360\u6709\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u5473\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u5982\u540c\u725b\u987f\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n\tDISCOURSE II: Bearing of Theology on other Branches of
        \nKnowledge (<\/span><\/b>\u795e\u5b66\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u652f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n\t\t\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff08<\/span>one whole<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08<\/span>subject-matter<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5b87\u5b99\u53ca\u5176\u521b\u9020\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u5411\uff08<\/span>aspects<\/span>\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u4e92\u4fee\u6b63\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u300c<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u54f2\u5b66\uff08<\/span>Philosophy<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u6392\u9664\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5371\u5bb3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u795e\u5b66\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e6\u53ca\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u6a21\u62df<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u6388\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u4e2d\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684<\/span>\u610f\u5fd7<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>volition<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5c06\u662f\u7247\u9762\u7684\u3001\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86<\/span>\u795e\u5723\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Divine Agency<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5c06\u666e\u904d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u63a8\u5411\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u56f4<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u300d\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u521b\u9020\u8005\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5b83\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u5b87\u5b99\u6cd5\u5219\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u66f4\u662f<\/span>\u666e\u904d\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>a condition of general knowledge<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \n\tDISCOURSE III: Bearing of other Branches of Knowledge on
          \nTheology (<\/span><\/b>\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u652f\u5bf9\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5f53\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u754c\u9650\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n\t\t\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4fb5\u5360<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u795e\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u5360\u636e\u5176\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5c31\u4f1a\u4fb5\u5360\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u5355\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u504f\u89c1<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6c89\u8ff7\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u300c\u5355\u4e00\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\u300d\uff08<\/span>men of one idea<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4e07\u7269\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u504f\u6267\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u5177\u4f53\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span><\/b>\uff1a <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              \n
            • \n\t\t\t\u7f8e\u672f\uff08<\/span>Fine
              \n Arts<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u7ed8\u753b\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u867d\u7136\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u4ec6\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5fd8\u8bb0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u652f\u914d\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u4e3b\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e16\u4fd7\u6216\u5f02\u6559\u7684\u5c55\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\t\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8131\u79bb\u542f\u793a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u5f20\u300c\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u6e90\u6cc9<\/span><\/b>\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u300c\u8d2a\u8d22\u662f\u4e07\u6076\u4e4b\u6839\u300d\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u76f8\u6096\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\t\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u89e3\u5256\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u5355\u51ed\u7269\u8d28\u8bc1\u636e\u5426\u5b9a\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u6587\u732e\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d28\u7591\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u4e16\u4fd7\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            • \n\t\t\u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\u8d85\u51fa\u5176\u5e94\u6709\u8303\u56f4<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>exorbitance<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u79c1\u4eba\u5224\u65ad<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Private Judgment<\/span>\uff09\u5c06\u5176\u5b66\u79d1\u539f\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u6240\u6709\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \n\tDISCOURSE IV: Liberal Knowledge its own End (<\/span><\/b>\u535a\u96c5\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u76ee\u6807<\/span>)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u7126\u70b9\u8f6c\u5411\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n\t\t\u5fc3\u667a\u6587\u5316<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6210\u679c\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u79cd\u6301\u7eed\u7ec8\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u54f2\u5b66\u5fc3\u6001<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>philosophical habit<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u6c89\u7a33\u3001\u8282\u5236\u4e0e\u667a\u6167<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u77e5\u8bc6\u5373\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u56de\u62a5\uff08<\/span>its own end and its own reward<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u535a\u96c5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u300c\u535a\u96c5\u300d\uff08<\/span>Liberal<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e0e\u300c\u5974\u5f79\u300d\uff08<\/span>servile<\/span>\uff09\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8eab\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u535a\u96c5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u535a\u96c5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83<\/span>\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u540e\u7eed\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u827a\u672f\u6240\u5438\u6536<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u88ab\u300c\u7406\u6027\u300d\uff08<\/span>Reason<\/span>\uff09\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u6d78\u6da6\uff0c\u5347\u534e\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\uff08<\/span>Philosophy<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5185\u5728\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u529b\uff08<\/span>intrinsic fecundity<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4ef7\u503c\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5916\u6c42\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>Education<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4f20\u6388\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08<\/span>Instruction<\/span>\uff09\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff1b\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u5fc3\u667a\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u548c<\/span>\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u667a\u529b\u5353\u8d8a<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u667a\u529b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u57f9\u517b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span>\u667a\u529b\u5353\u8d8a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>intellectual
                \n excellence<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5353\u8d8a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u3001\u6709\u793c\u8c8c\u7684\u8a00\u884c\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5723\u6d01\u6216\u826f\u77e5<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \n\tDISCOURSE V: Liberal Knowledge viewed in Relation to
                \nLearning (<\/span><\/b>\u535a\u96c5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u667a\u529b\u57f9\u517b\u4e0e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u83b7\u53d6\uff08<\/span>Learning<\/span>\uff09\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \n\t\t\u542f\u8499\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u667a\u529b\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f<\/span>\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u6269\u5c55<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>enlargement of mind<\/span>\uff09\u6216<\/span>\u542f\u8499<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>illumination<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u5927\u91cf\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5b57\u5178\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6587\u6cd5\u4e66\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5fc3\u667a\u6269\u5c55\u5728\u4e8e\u5fc3\u667a\u5bf9\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u7684<\/span>\u79ef\u6781\u4e14\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u884c\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>energetic and
                  \n simultaneous action<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u5b66\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u548c\u6d88\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\u54f2\u5b66\u5fc3\u6001<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5fc3\u6001\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u4f17\u591a\u4e8b\u7269\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7f6e\u4e8e\u666e\u904d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6279\u5224<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u6559\u592a\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u5b66\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u5fc3\u667a\u88ab\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5206\u6563\u548c\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u80a4\u6d45\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5374\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u4e92\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u5fc3\u667a\uff08<\/span>self-education<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6c1b\u56f4\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u300c\u5e94\u4ed8\u5927\u91cf\u79d1\u76ee\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\u300d\u7684\u5f92\u52b3\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u5851\u9020\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5fc3\u667a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \n\tDISCOURSE VI: Liberal Knowledge viewed in Relation to
                  \nProfessional (<\/span><\/b>\u535a\u96c5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n\t\t\u597d\u4e0e\u7528\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u667a\u529b\u6587\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff08<\/span>good<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff08<\/span>useful<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u4f18\u96c5<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>power
                    \n and a grace<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u662f\u4f4e\u7ea7\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u666e\u904d\u5fc3\u667a\u6587\u5316\u662f\u4e13\u4e1a\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8f85\u52a9\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u4f1a\u601d\u8003\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u975e\u53d7\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u8005\u6240\u964c\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u8f7b\u677e\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u591a\u624d\u591a\u827a<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6765\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u804c\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\tCopleston <\/span><\/b>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5f15\u7528<\/span> Copleston <\/span>\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u5206\u5de5\uff08<\/span>division of labour<\/span>\uff09\u867d\u7136\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u827a\u672f\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ece\u4e1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u800c\u9000\u5316\uff08<\/span>degraded as a rational being<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\tDavison <\/span><\/b>\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u535a\u96c5\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7ebd\u5e26\uff08<\/span>common link<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4eba\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u804c\u8d23\u5185\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u4f34\u4fa3\u6216\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u5224\u65ad\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4e13\u4e1a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\u662f<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u624d\u80fd<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>cultivated faculties<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u77e5\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u529b\uff08<\/span>judgment<\/span>\uff09\u9700\u8981\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u826f\u597d\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>good members of society<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u5347\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u667a\u529b\u7d20\u517b\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \n\tDISCOURSE VII: Liberal Knowledge viewed in Relation to
                    \nReligion (<\/span><\/b>\u535a\u96c5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u667a\u529b\u6587\u5316\uff08\u6216\u54f2\u5b66\uff09\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \n\t\t\u54f2\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u4fd7\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u667a\u529b\u57f9\u517b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684<\/span>\u7406\u6027\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Religion of
                      \n Reason\/Philosophy<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u788d\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\t\u9053\u5fb7\u4f18\u52bf<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u5c06\u5fc3\u667a\u4ece\u611f\u5b98\u8bf1\u60d1\u4e2d\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u503c\u5f97\u7406\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u6210\u7684<\/span>\u6311\u5254\u611f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>fastidiousness<\/span>\uff09\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u6076\u884c\u611f\u5230\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\t\u6838\u5fc3\u5206\u6b67<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u826f\u77e5\u4e0e\u54c1\u5473<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u7528<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u6216\u54c1\u5473<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>moral sense or taste<\/span>\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u826f\u77e5\uff08<\/span>conscience<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7f6a\u6076\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5192\u72af\u3001\u5931\u6001\u6216\u4e11\u964b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u8fdd\u80cc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\tJulian <\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u6731\u5229\u5b89\uff08<\/span>Julian<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6781\u5ea6\u7684<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u5ba1\u89c6\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6ee1\u8db3<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9ebb\u6728\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u54f2\u5b66\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u9177\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u65e0\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\t\u7ec5\u58eb\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u6781\u81f4\u662f<\/span>\u7ec5\u58eb<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>gentleman<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u300c<\/span>\u4ece\u4e0d\u4f7f\u4eba\u75db\u82e6<\/span><\/b>\u300d\uff08<\/span>never inflicts pain<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u3001\u514b\u5236\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u8c05\u6765\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u667a\u529b\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff08\u5982\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u5f00\u9614\u5fc3\u80f8\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5723\u6d01\u4e4b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4fe1\u8005\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \n\tDISCOURSE VIII: Duties of the Church Towards Liberal
                      \nKnowledge (<\/span><\/b>\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u535a\u96c5\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u804c\u8d23<\/span>)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u6559\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \n\t\t\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5927\u5b66\u5185\u90e8\u6559\u6388\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6559\u4f1a\u7684<\/span>\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>direct and
                        \n active jurisdiction<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e16\u4fd7\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                      • \n\t\t\u667a\u529b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u667a\u529b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<\/span>Intellectualism<\/span>\uff09\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53d6\u4ee3\u542f\u793a\u3002 <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                          \n
                        • \n\t\t\t\u5a01\u80c1\u4e00\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\uff08<\/span>Physical
                          \n Science<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5ffd\u7565\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5ffd\u89c6\u9053\u5fb7\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>Induction<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u6f14\u7ece\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>Deduction<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u795e\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u53cd\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                        • \n\t\t\t\u5a01\u80c1\u4e8c\uff1a\u6587\u5b66\uff08<\/span>Literature<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6587\u5b66\u662f<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u6216\u5815\u843d\u7684\u4eba<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>natural man,
                          \n or man fallen<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5371\u9669\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5ffd\u7565\u9053\u5fb7\u90aa\u6076\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83<\/span>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u90aa\u6076<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        • \n\t\t\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u4eba\u9002\u5e94\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u5b66\u751f\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e16\u754c\u53ca\u5176\u539f\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u9694\u7edd\u3002\u8bd5\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u65e0\u7f6a\u7684\u6587\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>sinless Literature of sinful man<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        • \n\t\t\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u653f\u7b56\u662f<\/span>\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u4fd7\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7981\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u51c0\u5316\u4e00\u5207\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        • \n\t\t\u5723\u6590\u7406\u4f2f<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5185\u5229<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5723\u6590\u7406\u4f2f<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5185\u5229\uff08<\/span>St. Philip Neri<\/span>\uff09\u900f\u8fc7<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u54c1\u683c\u3001\u8c26\u5351\u4e0e\u7231<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u3002\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u300c\u987a\u5e94\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u6f6e\u6d41\u300d\uff08<\/span>yield to the stream, and direct the current which he could not
                          \n stop<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u771f\u7406\u7684<\/span>\u53cd\u9b45\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u51c0\u5316\u88ab\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          \n
                          \n<\/div>\n

                          \n\t\u7ed3\u8bed<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                          \n\t\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u67a2\u673a\u4e3b\u6559\u7ebd\u66fc\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u7406\u60f3\uff1a<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u5fc3\u667a\u672c\u8eab\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u667a\u529b\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u8b66\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5fc3\u667a\u6587\u5316\uff08\u5373\u54f2\u5b66\uff09\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u548c\u542f\u793a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5236\u8861\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8d8b\u5411\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u5473\u53d6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u826f\u77e5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u666e\u904d\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9020\u6210\u4fb5\u5360\u6216\u8150\u8680\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                          \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                          \n\t