{"id":1835,"date":"2025-11-25T05:25:12","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T21:25:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1835"},"modified":"2025-11-25T05:25:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T21:25:12","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%96%87%e5%ae%98%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%b6%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e4%b8%8e%e6%9c%aa%e6%9d%a5%e3%80%8b-the-civil-service%ef%bc%9aits-problems-and-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1835","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u300b The Civil Service\uff1aIts Problems and Future"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0249 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThe
\nCivil Service<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\uff1a<\/strong><\/u><\/span>Its Problems and Future<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u300b\u4e3b\u8981\u56f4\u7ed5<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6539\u9769\u63d0\u8bae\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6765\u6e90\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4ece<\/span>19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u81f3<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f<\/span>\u6587\u5b98\u62db\u8058<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4ece\u88d9\u5e26\u5173\u7cfb\u5230<\/span>\u516c\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89<\/span><\/b>\u539f\u5219\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u53ca\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8fd8\u8be6\u7ec6\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86<\/span>\u57f9\u8bad\u3001\u664b\u5347\u548c\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u4e8b\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6539\u9769\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u800c\u8bbe\u7acb<\/span>\u62df\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u673a\u6784\u548c\u5206\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7531 <\/span>E. N. Gladden<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u4e8e<\/span>1945<\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e<\/span>1948<\/span>\u5e74\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u548c\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u5907\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4ece<\/span>\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u4eba\u4e8b\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u7b80\u660e\u4f46\u76f8\u5f53\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03 <\/span>\u516c\u52a1\u670d\u52a1\u5148\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e8c\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u6218\u540e\u65b0\u9700\u6c42\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e0e\u5bfc\u8bba<\/span> (Preface and Introduction)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u5ec9\u6b63\u548c\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u4eab\u6709\u76db\u8a89\uff0c\u4f46\u6218\u65f6\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u8bf8\u591a\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u9192\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u6218\u65f6\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff08\u4ece<\/span>1939<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<\/span>371,050<\/span>\u4eba\u589e\u81f3<\/span>1943<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<\/span>678,470<\/span>\u4eba\uff09\u548c\u62db\u8058\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u65f6\u671f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\uff08<\/span>1947<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u6539\u9769\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728 <\/span>\u5458\u5de5\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b> \u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5bfc\u8bba\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span>1947<\/span>\u5e74\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u884c\u653f\u7ea7\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u4e0b\u653e\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u4e66\u548c\u884c\u653f\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5c06\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6587\u4e66\u804c\u4f4d\u89c6\u4e3a\u521d\u7ea7\u884c\u653f\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u6218\u540e\u62db\u8058\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u522b\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u91cd\u5efa\u8003\u8bd5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bb6\u5ead\u805a\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5f0f\u7684\u9074\u9009\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u9ad8\u7ea7\u884c\u653f\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e2a\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u5a5a\u59fb\u7981\u4ee4\u5df2\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (Past Developments and Present Problems)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u653f\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/span> (Evolution of the National Administration)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u6267\u884c\u653f\u5e9c\u65e5\u5e38\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u56de\u987e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u541b\u4e3b\u9009\u62e9\u5ba0\u81e3\u3001\u51fa\u552e\u5b98\u804c\uff08\u5982\u6559\u7687\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u524d\u7684\u5b98\u804c\u4e70\u5356\uff09\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5206\u8d43\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u804c\u4f4d\u968f\u653f\u515a\u8f6e\u66ff\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5219\u56e0\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u6c42\u662f <\/span>\u516c\u6b63\u9009\u62d4\u3001\u884c\u653f\u80dc\u4efb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u548c\u5177\u5907\u670d\u52a1\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u975e\u5de5\u4e1a\u7c7b\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ec4\uff1a\u884c\u653f<\/span>–<\/span>\u6587\u4e66\u7c7b\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a<\/span>–<\/span>\u6280\u672f\u7c7b\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u884c\u653f<\/span>–<\/span>\u6587\u4e66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5bf9\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5173\u4e8e <\/span>\u6388\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5<\/span><\/b> \u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff08\u8d6b\u534e\u7279\u52cb\u7235\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u4e13\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5728\u6839\u672c\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6<\/span>\u2014\u20141853<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1939<\/span>\u5e74<\/span> (The British Civil Service\u20141853\u20131939)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n\t\t1853<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\uff1a<\/span><\/b> Trevelyan-Northcote \u62a5\u544a\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u8bae\u5212\u5206\u4e24\u7ea7\uff08\u77e5\u8bc6\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5021\u5bfc<\/span>\u516c\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86 <\/span>\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b> \u8d1f\u8d23\u76d1\u7763\u8003\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t1874-75<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\uff1a<\/span><\/b> Playfair \u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ec6\u5206\u4e86\u4f4e\u7ea7\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7537\u5b69\u6587\u4e66<\/span>\u201d
    \n (boy clerks)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t1886<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\uff1a<\/span><\/b> Ridley \u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bae\u7f29\u5c0f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u90e8\u95e8\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span> First Division<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u578b\u804c\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t1912-15<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\uff1a<\/span><\/b> MacDonnell \u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u4e09\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t1920<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6218\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u60e0\u7279\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>National Whitley
    \n Council<\/span>\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u56db\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/span>\u884c\u653f\u7ea7<\/span> (Administrative)<\/span>\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u7ea7<\/span> (Executive)<\/span>\u3001\u6587\u4e66\u7ea7<\/span> (Clerical) <\/span>\u548c\u6587\u4e66\u52a9\u7406\u7ea7<\/span> (Writing Assistant\/Clerical Assistant)<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \n\t\u884c\u653f\u7ea7\uff08<\/span>Administrative Class<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u884c\u653f\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u96c7\u4f63\u6761\u4ef6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u4eab\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f11\u5047\u548c\u75c5\u5047\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4f46\u5728<\/span>\u85aa\u916c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u79c1\u4eba\u90e8\u95e8\u540c\u7b49\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u85aa\u916c<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u62db\u8058<\/span> (Recruitment)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u62db\u8058\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u3002<\/span>\u516c\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89<\/span><\/b> \u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6d88\u9664\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u4eb2\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u516c\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6837\u672c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u975e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6700\u597d\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4eba\u9009\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u6218\u540e\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e00\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86<\/span> Lytton <\/span>\u548c<\/span> Southborough <\/span>\u7ade\u8d5b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u6279\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6b63\u5e38\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u5165\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u884c\u653f\u7ea7\u522b\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u548c\u5251\u6865\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9 <\/span>\u9762\u8bd5\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/span><\/b> \u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6301\u6279\u8bc4\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u9009\u62d4\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u7684\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u57f9\u8bad<\/span> (Training)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u516c\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89\u5236\u5ea6<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u804c\u540e\u57f9\u8bad\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u57f9\u8bad\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u57f9\u8bad\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8c03\u52a8\u548c\u8003\u5bdf\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u6b63\u5f0f\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u9f13\u52b1\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca <\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u53d1\u884c\u5185\u90e8\u624b\u518c\u548c\u671f\u520a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4ece\u76ee\u7684\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u57f9\u8bad\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/span>\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u4e66\u6280\u80fd\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4fa7\u91cd\u529e\u516c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u7c3f\u8bb0\u7b49\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u90e8\u95e8\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca <\/span>\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u7406\u8bba\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u5e94\u8bbe\u7acb<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u4e66\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u664b\u5347\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u664b\u5347<\/span> (Promotion)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u664b\u5347\u662f\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8861\u91cf\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u664b\u5347\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec <\/span>\u5e74\u8d44\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u6df1\u53d7\u5458\u5de5\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff09 \u548c <\/span>\u664b\u5347\u8003\u8bd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u73b0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e09\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span>(1) <\/span>\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u664b\u5347\u4ee5\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u95e8\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\uff1b<\/span>(2) <\/span>\u957f\u671f\u6ede\u7559<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u804c\u540e\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u8fdb\u5165\u664b\u5347\u8003\u8651\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d8a\u8fc7<\/span>\u201d (passed over)<\/span>\uff0c\u96c4\u5fc3\u58ee\u5fd7\u4fbf\u4f1a\u6d88\u9000\uff1b<\/span>(3) <\/span>\u8de8\u7ea7\u522b\u664b\u5347\u5f02\u5e38<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ece\u6587\u4e66\u7ea7\u664b\u5347\u5230\u884c\u653f\u7ea7\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u664b\u5347\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 <\/span>\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/b> \u548c <\/span>\u664b\u5347\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b> \u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u664b\u5347\u4e0a\u8bc9\u673a\u5236\u867d\u7136\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u524a\u5f31\u90e8\u95e8\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u5458\u5de5\u5408\u4f5c<\/span> (Staff Co-operation)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5458\u5de5\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u59cb\u4e8e<\/span>1906<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u627f\u8ba4\u5458\u5de5\u534f\u4f1a\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c<\/span>\u4ef2\u88c1\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b> \u5f97\u5230\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u85aa\u916c\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u8bc9\u8bf8\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u4ef2\u88c1\u6cd5\u5ead\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u662f <\/span>\u60e0\u7279\u5229\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a<\/span> (Whitley Councils)<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u548c\u90e8\u95e8\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3002\u60e0\u7279\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e0e\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u4fdd\u969c\u5458\u5de5\u798f\u7949\u3002\u5176\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5458\u5de5\u548c\u5b98\u65b9\u53cc\u65b9\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span>1946<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>\u300a\u8d38\u6613\u7ea0\u7eb7\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u6cd5\uff0c<\/span>1927<\/span>\u5e74\u300b\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u534f\u4f1a\u4e0e\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u5982<\/span>T.U.C.<\/span>\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u4ecd\u9700\u5e73\u8861\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u804c\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (The Problem of Control)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u884c\u653f\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u56db\u4e2a\u6e20\u9053\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff1a<\/span>\u8d22\u653f\u90e8<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u56e0\u5176\u638c\u7ba1\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u653f\u800c\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u7279\u6b8a\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u90e8\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u5404\u90e8\u90e8\u957f<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca <\/span>\u8d22\u653f\u76d1\u7763<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u516c\u5171\u8d26\u76ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u7684\u5e38\u4efb\u79d8\u4e66\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a <\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u96c6\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e<\/span>\u90e8\u957f\u8d23\u4efb\u5236<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u4ecd\u4eab\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5219\u5728\u62db\u8058\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u5982\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u652f\u6301 <\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8<\/span>\u201d (General Staff)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8c03\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n<\/div>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u8fc8\u5411\u672a\u6765<\/span> (Towards the Future)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769<\/span> (Reform of the Civil Service)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u56db\u5927\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u957f\u671f\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u5bf9\u90e8\u95e8\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u5728\u62db\u8058\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u516c\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89\u539f\u5219\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a <\/span>\u8bd5\u7528\u671f<\/span><\/b> \u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5728\u57f9\u8bad\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u7f3a\u4e4f\u534f\u8c03\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u8bae\u8bbe\u7acb <\/span>\u4e2d\u592e\u57f9\u8bad\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span> (Central Training Committee)<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6e05\u70b9\u57f9\u8bad\u601d\u8def\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u9881\u53d1 <\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u4e66\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u51b3 <\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u50f5\u5316<\/span><\/b> \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5dee\uff0c\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u62df\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u6848<\/span> (<\/span>\u4e00<\/span>) (The Proposed
    \nScheme\u2014I)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u67b6\u6784\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u884c\u653f\u7ea7<\/span><\/b> \u4fdd\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>50%<\/span>\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u62db\u8058\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u653f\u3001\u6587\u4e66\u548c\u90e8\u95e8\u804c\u4f4d\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a <\/span>\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4e66\u7ea7<\/span> (General Clerical Class)<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    3. \n\t\t\u5f15\u5165 <\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u96c6\u56e2\u5e74\u8d44<\/span>\u201d (Group Seniority)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4e66\u7ea7\u5212\u5206\u4e3a<\/span>\u5341\u4e2a\u5e74\u8d44\u7ec4<\/span>\/<\/span>\u85aa\u916c\u7ec4<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    4. \n\t\t\u8bbe\u7acb <\/span>\u4eba\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span> (Personnel Organisation Board, POB)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u5e74\u8d44\u7ec4\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u534f\u8c03\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4e66\u7ea7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u664b\u5347\u5c06\u6309\u5e74\u8d44\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e14\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 <\/span>\u964d\u7ea7<\/span><\/b> \u5236\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>Demotion<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6dd8\u6c70\u4e0d\u79f0\u804c\u7684\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u5e76\u6fc0\u52b1\u5458\u5de5\u4fdd\u6301\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u62df\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u6848<\/span> (<\/span>\u4e8c<\/span>) (The Proposed
      \nScheme\u2014II)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8be6\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span> POB <\/span>\u7684\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ba1\u7406 <\/span>\u5458\u5de5\u8c03\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8c03\u52a8\u5206\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\uff08\u5982\u6309\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u6216\u89e3\u51b3\u90e8\u95e8\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784\u5931\u8861\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u613f\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u52a8\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\u8d44\u7ec4\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u4e92\u6362\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u9009\u62d4<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u884c\u653f\u7ea7\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u62db\u8058\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u804c\u5458\u804c\u4f4d\u4e2d\u63d0\u62d4\u3001\u7531\u90e8\u95e8\u63a8\u8350\u548c\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8003\u6838\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9762\u5411\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4e66\u7ea7\u4e2d\u6301\u6709<\/span>\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u6587\u51ed<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u8d44\u683c\u7684<\/span>35<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u8003\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u627f\u8ba4\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5341\u4e2a\u5e74\u8d44\u7ec4\u5e26\u6765\u7684<\/span>\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f15\u5165\u7ade\u4e89\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u52a9\u957f<\/span>\u81ea\u79c1\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u5b98\u50da\u4f5c\u98ce\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u60f0\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u71b5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u5c55\u671b\u672a\u6765<\/span> (Looking Forward)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769\u7f6e\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u5371\u673a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u548c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u627f\u62c5\u56e0<\/span>\u65e0\u80fd\u3001\u7279\u6743\u548c\u5026\u6020<\/span><\/b>\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5305\u7684\u827a\u672f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/span>\u9009\u62d4\u4e2d\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\u5168\u9762\u6027\u3001\u664b\u5347\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u8d24\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u82e5\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u80dc\u4efb\u672a\u6765\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8d85\u4eba\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t