{"id":1823,"date":"2025-11-25T05:15:59","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T21:15:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1823"},"modified":"2025-11-25T05:15:59","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T21:15:59","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%8b%b1%e5%9b%bd%e6%94%bf%e5%ba%9c%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e3%80%8bthe-british-system-of-government","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1823","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5ea6\u300bThe British System of Government"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0244 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5ea6\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span>The British System of Government<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5a01\u5ec9<\/span>\u00b7A\u00b7<\/span>\u7f57\u5e03\u68ee\uff08<\/span>William A. Robson<\/span>\uff09\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5ea6\u300b<\/span>\u7684\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u6458\u5f55\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4f26\u6566\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5171\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u8be5\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u65e8\u5728<\/span><\/b>\u7b80\u660e\u627c\u8981\u5730\u6982\u8ff0<\/span>\u6784\u6210\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u3001\u5185\u9601\u3001\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63a2\u8ba8<\/span><\/b>\u6c11\u4e3b\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u3001\u524d\u666f\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u53f8\u6cd5\u3001\u4f53\u80b2\u5230\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5411\u8bfb\u8005<\/span>\u5168\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/b>\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6587\u672c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6743\u3001\u653f\u515a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u7684<\/span>\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u60ef\u4f8b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684<\/span>\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u548c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8be5\u4e66\u65e8\u5728<\/span>\u7b80\u660e\u627c\u8981\u5730\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/b>\u6784\u6210\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6240\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u662f<\/span>William A. Robson <\/span>\u535a\u58eb<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Dr. Robson<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u516c\u5171\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u4f26\u6566\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u63a2\u8ba8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5f53\u524d\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u524d\u666f\u548c\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u60a0\u4e45\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6210\u6587\u5baa\u6cd5\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5916\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9769\u547d\u5267\u53d8\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u5236<\/span>\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8be5\u5baa\u6cd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8c05\u89e3\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u6765\u6210\u529f\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u5236\u300b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7ae0\u8282\u4e66\u8bc4<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1. <\/span><\/b>\u56fd\u738b<\/span> (The King)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u56fd\u738b\u5904\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1a<\/span>\u4ed6\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u6267\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u793c\u4eea\u804c\u80fd\uff09\uff1b<\/span>\u4ed6\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/b>\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u4ed6\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5404\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a<\/span>\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u5236\u6216\u6709\u9650\u541b\u4e3b\u5236<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u542c\u53d6\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u80fd\u72af\u9519<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u884c\u653f\u804c\u80fd\uff08\u5982\u8fdb\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u5ba3\u6218\u5abe\u548c\u3001\u4efb\u547d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u7279\u8d66\u72af\u4eba\uff09\u90fd\u662f<\/span><\/b>\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u7531\u5927\u81e3\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u5e76\u975e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5080\u5121\u541b\u4e3b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff1b\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u88ab\u54a8\u8be2\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3001\u9f13\u52b1\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u6743\u5229<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u67e5\u9605\u6240\u6709\u5185\u9601\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e86\u89e3\u5185\u9601\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65bd\u52a0\u4e0e\u5176\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t2. <\/span><\/b>\u8bae\u4f1a<\/span> (Parliament)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8bae\u4f1a\u7531<\/span>\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\uff08<\/span>House of Commons<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\uff08<\/span>House of Lords<\/span>\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u5e73\u7b49\u8d4b\u4e88\u5e74\u6ee1<\/span> 21 <\/span>\u5c81\u7684\u7537\u5973\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6700\u5145\u5206\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u8bae\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u65e0\u9700\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u9009\u533a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\uff08\u7531<\/span> 844 <\/span>\u540d\u8d35\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\uff09\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u9519\u8bef<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6743\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u81ea<\/span> 1911 <\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u8bae\u4f1a\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u6743\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740<\/span>\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4e3b\u6743<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5c06\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u6743\u529b\u524a\u5f31\u4e3a<\/span>\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7acb\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u975e\u91d1\u94b1\u6cd5\u6848\uff09\u6700\u591a\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u575b\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u6295\u7968\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u9ad8\u8fbe<\/span> 74%<\/span>\u81f3<\/span> 80%<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t3. <\/span><\/b>\u653f\u515a<\/span> (Political Parties)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u515a\u5236\u5ea6\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u6301\u7eed\u6d3b\u8dc3\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7531\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u5fc5\u987b\u6301\u7eed\u5f00\u5c55\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e89\u53d6\u516c\u4f17\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u4e24\u515a\u5236\u503e\u5411\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u82f1\u56fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u653f\u515a\u5206\u88c2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u548c\u6258\u5229\u515a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u548c\u5de5\u515a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8fd0\u4f5c<\/span>\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u515a\u4e89\u593a\u6743\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u7f3a\u4e4f\u516c\u5171\u63a7\u5236\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u7ec4\u5efa\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d7\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u5236\u6216\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u4ec5\u53d7\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u613f\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t4. <\/span><\/b>\u7533\u8bc9\u7684\u8865\u6551<\/span> (The Redress of Grievances)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8fd9\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7533\u8bc9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d89\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u9879\uff08\u5982\u5b98\u5458\u5f85\u9047\u4e0d\u516c\u3001\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u8650\u5f85\u56da\u72af\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5929\u7559\u51fa\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d28\u8be2\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ece\u653f\u5e9c\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u5927\u81e3\u7ea0\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e38\u89c4\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t5. <\/span><\/b>\u7acb\u6cd5<\/span> (Legislation)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8bae\u4f1a\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u4ee5\u5176\u4e3b\u6743\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u4efb\u4f55\u8bae\u9898\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e14<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u9650\u5236<\/span><\/b>\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba1\u67e5\u6216\u5426\u51b3\u8bae\u4f1a\u4f9d\u6cd5\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u667a\u6167\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a<\/span>\u5c06\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u6177\u6168\u5730\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u738b\u5ba4\u5927\u81e3\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684<\/span>\u6388\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Statutory Rules and Orders<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u6ee5\u7528\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6765\u5ba1\u8bae\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u957f\u7ea7\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t6. <\/span><\/b>\u79c1\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\u548c\u6388\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5<\/span> (Private Bills and Delegated Legislation)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u533a\u5206\u4e00\u822c\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c<\/span>\u79c1\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u533a\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff09\u3002\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\u5c06\u9001\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u6cd5\u5ead<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u7279\u522b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba1\u7406\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5df2\u5f15\u5165\u5982<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e34\u65f6\u547d\u4ee4<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Provisional
    \nOrder<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u6602\u8d35\u4e14\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u5f0f\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u4e0b\u653e\u7ed9\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u516c\u4f17<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u66ff\u4ee3\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u6761\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f<\/span>\u8ba4\u53ef\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u6548\u7528<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u6279\u8bc4\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t7. <\/span><\/b>\u5185\u9601<\/span> (The Cabinet)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u5185\u9601\u653f\u5e9c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5185\u9601\u7531\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u653f\u515a\u6216\u8054\u76df\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6700\u9ad8\u884c\u653f\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5185\u9601\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u6743\u529b\u5206\u7acb\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5185\u9601\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u6709\u5baa\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u5185\u9601\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u8bae\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u9996\u76f8\u6709\u6743\u5efa\u8bae\u56fd\u738b\u89e3\u6563\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u9996\u76f8<\/span><\/b>\u5728\u5185\u9601\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u540d\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u5185\u9601\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bae\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u6743\u968f\u65f6\u89e3\u6563\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u9601\u901a\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\uff08<\/span>20 <\/span>\u5230<\/span> 22 <\/span>\u540d\u6210\u5458\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5185\u9601\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u5185\u9601\u79d8\u4e66\u5904<\/span><\/b>\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u4e14\u65e5\u76ca\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t8. <\/span><\/b>\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span> (The Central Government Organisation)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e2d\u592e\u884c\u653f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u62c5\u843d\u5728\u7531\u5927\u81e3\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u5404\u5927\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u81ea<\/span> 1939 <\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u4e03\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u95e8\uff08\u5982\u98df\u7269\u3001\u6c11\u822a\u3001\u56fd\u9632\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u6c38\u4e45\u673a\u6784\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u9664\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u767d\u5385<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u90e8\u95e8\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6267\u884c\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\u4f46<\/span>\u4eab\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982\u5927\u5b66\u62e8\u6b3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f<\/span>\u5927\u81e3\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5176\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u8d1f\u8d23<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t9. <\/span><\/b>\u516c\u5171\u516c\u53f8<\/span> (The Public Corporation)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u516c\u5171\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u9886\u57df\u6700\u65b0\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u8425\u516c\u7528\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6216\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff08\u5982\u4f26\u6566\u6e2f\u52a1\u5c40\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7164\u70ad\u5c40\uff09\u3002\u516c\u5171\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u52a8\u673a\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u65e0\u79c1\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5229\u6da6\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u7531\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u9f13\u52b1\u5927\u80c6\u548c\u8fdb\u53d6\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u5f88\u5927\u4e14\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    3. \n\t\t\u4eba\u5458\u4efb\u547d\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6210\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u5927\u81e3\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4eab\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u9ad8\u85aa\uff1b\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    4. \n\t\t\u5784\u65ad\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5176\u8fd0\u8425\u533a\u57df\u5185\u4eab\u6709\u5784\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u516c\u53f8\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728<\/span> 20 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e0e\u80a1\u4efd\u5236\u516c\u53f8\u5728<\/span> 19 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t10. <\/span><\/b>\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6<\/span> (The Civil Service)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u8d1f\u6709<\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u503a\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\u539f\u5219\u5df2\u88ab\u4e16\u754c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f<\/span>\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u8bda\u4fe1\u3001\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e14\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u798f\u7949\u5fe0\u8bda<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3b\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89\u6216\u8003\u8bd5\u62db\u52df\u5408\u683c\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd<\/span>\u9690\u6027\u5fe0\u8bda\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u515a\u6d3e\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<\/span>\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u7ea7<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Administrative Class<\/span>\uff0c\u7ea6<\/span> 2000 <\/span>\u4eba\uff09\u662f\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u9aa8\u5e72\uff0c\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u804c\u4f4d\u3002<\/span>\u5e38\u52a1\u6b21\u5b98<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u804c\u4e1a\u62b1\u8d1f\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u4eab\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u8fd9\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t11. <\/span><\/b>\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c<\/span> (Local Government)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u5178\u578b\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u59a5\u534f<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u8001\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u9700\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u6743\u529b\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u7531<\/span>\u8bae\u4f1a\u6cd5\u6848\u76f4\u63a5\u6388\u4e88<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f<\/span>\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u4ee5<\/span>\u5fd7\u613f\u548c\u65e0\u507f<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0e\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u62e8\u6b3e\u8865\u52a9<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>grant-in-aid<\/span>\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a8\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u6700\u4f4e\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u592e\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec\u6279\u51c6\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3001\u6279\u51c6\u501f\u6b3e\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u957f\u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8fdd\u7ea6\u6743\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>default
      \npowers<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span><\/b>\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u4ece\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t12. <\/span><\/b>\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span> (The Era of Reconstruction)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u5236\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u91cd\u5efa\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n\t\t\u804c\u80fd\u62d3\u5bbd\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u65b0\u7684\u804c\u80fd\uff08\u5982\u6c11\u822a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u98df\u7269\u3001\u71c3\u6599\u548c\u7535\u529b\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u90e8\u957f\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      2. \n\t\t\u8ba1\u5212\u57fa\u7840\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u91cd\u5efa\u5c06\u5728<\/span>\u8ba1\u5212\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/b>\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u89c4\u5212\u90e8\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u516c\u5171\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5168\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u6b63\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u90e8\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n\t13. <\/span><\/b>\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span> (The Liberties of the Citizen)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u652f\u6301\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u6587\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9760<\/span>\u666e\u901a\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u717d\u52a8\u53db\u4e71\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u6781\u5176\u5bbd\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6279\u8bc4<\/span><\/b>\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u63d0\u5021\u66b4\u529b\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u96c6\u4f1a\u4e5f\u6781\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u4eab\u6709\u514d\u53d7<\/span>\u4efb\u610f\u902e\u6355\u6216\u76d1\u7981<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u4eba\u8eab\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ee4<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>habeas corpus<\/span>\uff09\u8fc5\u901f\u83b7\u5f97\u975e\u6cd5\u62d8\u7559\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u62d8\u7559\u3001\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t14. <\/span><\/b>\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e<\/span> (The Spirit of Democracy)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u5f25\u6f2b\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7cbe\u795e\u662f<\/span>\u5584\u826f\u548c\u5bbd\u5bb9<\/span><\/b>\uff0c<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec7\u6068\u548c\u62a5\u590d\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u540c\u610f\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5c06\u653f\u6cbb\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u6e29\u67d4\u827a\u672f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u96c7\u4e3b\u534f\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u81ea\u613f\u8c08\u5224\u548c\u548c\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t15. <\/span><\/b>\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5047\u8bbe<\/span> (The Assumptions of Democracy)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u8be5\u7ae0\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u51fa\u8eab\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\u89c4\u6a21\u5de8\u5927<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b63\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u516c\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u5e02\u653f\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff09\u7684\u52a9\u957f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11<\/span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u5728\u610f\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u57fa\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u798f\u5229\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u7269\u8d28\u798f\u5229\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6807\u51c6<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u548c\u4fdd\u9669\u8ba1\u5212\u6765\u51cf\u8f7b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        3. \n\t\t\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u70ed\u7231\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u6709\u7740\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u548c\u5bf9\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u618e\u6068\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u89c2\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u538b\u8feb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u8d8b\u52bf\u6b63\u5bfb\u6c42\u6269\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76<\/span><\/b>\u6709\u529b\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
          \n<\/div>\n

          \n\t\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u5236\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u3001\u5185\u9601\u3001\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u63cf\u7ed8\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u5236\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u652f\u6491\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684<\/span>\u5bbd\u5bb9\u548c\u59a5\u534f\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4f5c\u8005\u627f\u8ba4\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u672c\u798f\u5229\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u6e05\u6670\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7684<\/span>\u5de8\u5927\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u516c\u5171\u516c\u53f8\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u5236\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5ea7\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ffb\u65b0\u548c\u6269\u5efa\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u5e84\u56ed\u3002\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u84dd\u56fe\uff08\u6210\u6587\u5baa\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u623f\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u65b0\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4fa7\u5385\uff08\u5982\u516c\u5171\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u90e8\u95e8\uff09\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u4e2a\u5e84\u56ed\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u548c\u8c10\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u79c9\u6301\u7684<\/span>\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u4e92\u76f8\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u5bb6\u89c4\uff08\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t