{"id":1681,"date":"2025-11-02T05:17:53","date_gmt":"2025-11-01T21:17:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1681"},"modified":"2025-11-02T05:17:53","modified_gmt":"2025-11-01T21:17:53","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e9%9d%9e%e6%b4%b2%e6%95%99%e5%b8%88%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e3%80%8b-principles-of-education-for-african-teachers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1681","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u5e08\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u7406\u300b Principles of Education for African Teachers"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0203<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u5e08\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u7406\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tPrinciples
\nof Education for African Teachers<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u5e08\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u7406\u300b<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span><\/b>\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u80b2\u5e94<\/span>\u4ee5\u5b66\u751f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7684<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u5c06\u539f\u5219\u7f6e\u4e8e\u9996\u4f4d\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u6751\u5e84\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5373\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u5b66\u4e60\uff09\u4e0e<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u7684<\/span>\u4e03\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8fd8<\/span>\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8131\u79bb\u90e8\u843d\u675f\u7f1a\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ee5\u53ca\u83b7\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u5c0a\u91cd\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u56e0\u7d20<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5982\u672c\u80fd\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u6559\u80b2\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u975e\u6d32\u7684<\/span>\u4e61\u6751\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/b>\u4fdd\u6301\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7eea\u8bba\u53ca\u80cc\u666f<\/span> (Foreword, Preface, Contents)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7531\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4e54\u7ef4\u7279\uff08<\/span>Harold Jowitt<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u8d1d\u4e13\u7eb3\uff08<\/span>Bechuanaland<\/span>\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u5c40\u957f\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u963f\u745f<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6885\u4f11\uff08<\/span>Arthur Mayhew<\/span>\uff09\u4f5c\u5e8f\u3002\u6885\u4f11\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u7406\u7f6e\u4e8e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c<\/span>\u4f7f\u5176\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u672c\u8eab\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u751f\u6240\u5904\u7684\u793e\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u5e08\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5408\u9002\u6559\u6750\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u73ed\u56fe\uff08<\/span>Bantu<\/span>\uff09\u513f\u7ae5\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u975e\u6d32\u5b66\u751f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5bfc\u8bba<\/span> (Chapter I. Introduction)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4ece\u672a\u8e0f\u5165\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u540c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u90e8\u843d\u751f\u6d3b\u83b7\u5f97\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7956\u9c81\u7537\u5b69\uff08<\/span>uVelapi<\/span>\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u653e\u7267\u3001\u6253\u6597\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u81ea\u7acb\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5973\u5b69\uff08<\/span>Nomusa<\/span>\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u5bb6\u52a1\u3001\u91c7\u96c6\u548c\u70f9\u996a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u540e\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u975e\u6d32\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u786e\u7684<\/span>\u6b63\u5f0f\u90e8\u843d\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5272\u793c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\uff08<\/span>Tanganyika<\/span>\uff09\u5e03\u79d1\u5df4\u5730\u533a\uff08<\/span>Bukoba district<\/span>\uff09\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8be5\u5b66\u6821\u8bbe\u6709\u6559\u5b66\u5927\u7eb2\u3001\u5206\u73ed\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f<\/span>\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5176\u7980\u8d4b\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u4ee4\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u6240\u5728\u793e\u533a\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8981\u7d20<\/span> (Chapter II. Factors in Education)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e03\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>The aim or aims<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u5b66\u4e60\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>The learner<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u6559\u5e08<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>The teacher<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>The environment<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u6240\u6388\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>The matter taught<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  6. \n\t\t\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>The process<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  7. \n\t\t\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>The application by the
    \n learner<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u901a\u8fc7\u7956\u9c81\u7537\u5b69\u653e\u7267\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u5e08\uff08\u54e5\u54e5\uff09\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u3001\u73af\u5883\uff08\u6751\u5e84\u3001\u725b\u7fa4\uff09\u3001\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u83b7\u5f97\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u8d5e\u626c\u3001\u51cf\u8f7b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u4eab\u3001\u5956\u60e9\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7279\u610f\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c<\/span>\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u5982\u5b66\u4e60\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u7ae0 \u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/span> (Chapters III-VI. The Aims of African
    \nEducation)<\/span>
    \n<\/h3>\n

    \n\t\u8fd9\u51e0\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u786e\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u603b\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u88ab\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u6b21\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n\t\t\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u8d22\u5bcc\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6559\u80b2\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u6743\u529b\uff08<\/span>Power<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u8d22\u5bcc\uff08<\/span>Possessions<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u5fc5\u987b\u4f34\u968f\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u8d22\u5bcc\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5e76\u5c65\u884c\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u793e\u533a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5e78\u798f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\uff08<\/span>Happiness<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u5219\u8fc7\u4e8e\u865a\u65e0\u7f25\u7f08\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u6d88\u9664\u843d\u540e\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u514b\u670d<\/span>\u611a\u6627\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u8ff7\u4fe1<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u660e\u786e\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u66f4\u5177\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u626b\u6e05\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u603b\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6b65\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d70\u5411\u6587\u660e\uff08<\/span>Civilisation<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u8fdb\u6b65\uff08<\/span>Racial Progress<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u5bf9\u957f\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u656c\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u677e\u61c8\u3001\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u8870\u9000\u7b49\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u77eb\u6b63\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u6377\u5f84\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u89c6\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97<\/span>\u8f7b\u677e\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u9ad8\u85aa<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6377\u5f84\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u5371\u9669\u4e14\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f7b\u89c6\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5b97\u6559\u76ee\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u6559\u4e49\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u54c1\u683c\uff08<\/span>Character<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u6559\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u72ed\u9698\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u6446\u8131\u90e8\u843d\u675f\u7f1a<\/span>\/<\/span>\u83b7\u5f97\u4fdd\u62a4\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u8ffd\u6c42\u6559\u80b2\u4ee5<\/span>\u6446\u8131\u914b\u957f\u6216\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u6216\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5a5a\u59fb\u7b49\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u907f\u96be\u6240\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u8131\u79bb\u90e8\u843d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u670d\u52a1\u4ed6\u4eba\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5c06<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u7684\u65cf\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u670d\u52a1\u5148\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n\t\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u603b\u76ee\u7684\uff08<\/span>Inclusive Aim<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684<\/span>\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176<\/span>\u7980\u8d4b\u548c\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u4ee4\u5176<\/span>\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u6240\u5728\u793e\u533a<\/span><\/strong>\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u6280\u80fd<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u589e\u957f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u5e76\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u81f3\u5341\u56db\u7ae0 \u5b66\u4e60\u8005<\/span> (Chapters VII-XIV. The Learner)<\/span>
      \n<\/h3>\n

      \n\t\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u653e\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span> (VII-VIII)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u7531\u4e8e\u513f\u7ae5\u5904\u4e8e\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5<\/span>\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Child-centred<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u4ed6\u7684\u662f\u73af\u5883\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u5bb6\u957f\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u7763\u5b66\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff08<\/span>Curriculum<\/span>\uff09\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>\u5168\u9762\u6548\u7387<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u793e\u533a\u540c\u6837\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u513f\u7ae5\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u513f\u7ae5\u672c\u6027\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02<\/span> (IX)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6bcf\u4e2a\u513f\u7ae5\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u4e0d\u5e94\u671f\u671b\u6240\u6709\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u6216\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u5851\u9020\u7684\u9ecf\u571f\u6216\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u7eb8\u5f20\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5176\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684<\/span>\u7980\u8d4b<\/span><\/strong>\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u80fd<\/span> (IX-X)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6765\u81ea<\/span>\u672c\u80fd\uff08<\/span>Instincts<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u975e\u4e60\u5f97\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n\t\t\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff08<\/span>Curiosity<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u513f\u7ae5\u5bfb\u6c42\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u7fa4\u4f53\u672c\u80fd\uff08<\/span>Herd\/Group Instinct<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4fc3\u4f7f\u513f\u7ae5\u5bfb\u6c42\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6709\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u81ea\u6211\u4e3b\u5f20\uff08<\/span>Self-assertion\/Mastery<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u987a\u4ece\uff08<\/span>Submission<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6559\u5e08\u5e94\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6311\u6218\u548c\u7ed9\u4e88\u8d23\u4efb\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u6536\u96c6\u672c\u80fd\uff08<\/span>Gathering\/Collecting<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b66\u6821\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u5174\u8da3\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u5efa\u9020\u672c\u80fd\uff08<\/span>Constructive<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5f15\u5bfc\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u624b\u5de5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u7f16\u7ec7\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u5efa\u9020\u623f\u5c4b\u6216\u5b66\u6821\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u7236\u6bcd<\/span>\/<\/span>\u4fdd\u62a4\u672c\u80fd\uff08<\/span>Parental\/Protective<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c55\u793a\u727a\u7272\u548c\u5173\u7231\uff0c\u5e94\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u513f\u7ae5\u5bf9\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u6218\u6597\u672c\u80fd\uff08<\/span>Combat<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5e94\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\u7528\u4e8e\u514b\u670d\u969c\u788d\u6216\u81ea\u8eab\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6124\u6012\u6216\u4e89\u6597\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u98df\u7269\u5bfb\u6c42\u672c\u80fd\uff08<\/span>Food-seeking<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u70f9\u996a\u548c\u536b\u751f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5207\u5165\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n\t\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/span> (XII-XIV)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4e60\u60ef\u517b\u6210<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u52a8\u4f5c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u51cf\u8f7b\u75b2\u52b3\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7ae5\u5e74\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u5174\u8da3\uff08<\/span>Interest<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff08<\/span>Attention<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5174\u8da3\u6e90\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u671f\u671b\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u5f80\u5f80\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u672c\u80fd\uff09\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u77ed\u6682\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6559\u5e08\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08<\/span>Memory<\/span>\uff09\u6700\u597d\u4e0e\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\u3002<\/span>\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff08<\/span>Imagination<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5316\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5730\u7406\u548c\u624b\u5de5\u521b\u4f5c\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u75b2\u52b3\u3001\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u75b2\u52b3\uff08<\/span>Fatigue<\/span>\uff09\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b66\u4e60\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u5173\u6ce8\u901a\u98ce\u3001\u4f11\u606f\u548c\u996e\u98df\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u671f\uff08<\/span>Adolescence<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u6bd4\u6b27\u6d32\u5f00\u59cb\u5f97\u65e9\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u751f\u7406\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6559\u5e08\u63d0\u4f9b\u667a\u6167\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6559\u80b2\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u4f46\u5065\u5168\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5e94\u5ffd\u89c6\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u6210\u4eba\uff08<\/span>Adult Education<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0 \u6559\u5e08<\/span> (Chapter XV. The Teacher)<\/span>
        \n<\/h3>\n

        \n\t\u6559\u5e08\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff1a<\/span>\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3001\u5148\u9a71\u3001\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u3001\u793a\u8303\u8005\u3001\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u5168\u9762\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u624d\u80fd\u3001\u5e7f\u9614\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u5bf9\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u57f9\u8bad\u4e0e\u804c\u8d23\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6559\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e13\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u4e14\u57f9\u8bad\u5185\u5bb9\u5e94\u7531\u975e\u6d32\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u57f9\u8bad\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u79d1\u76ee\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff09\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u4f53\u80b2\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5982\u7a7f\u7740\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u82b1\u56ed\u3001\u8d22\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5bf9\u95f2\u6687\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u6548\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u4f1a\u5c06\u513f\u7ae5\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u4ed8\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5b69\u5b50\u624d\u80fd\u652f\u4ed8\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0 \u73af\u5883<\/span> (Chapter XVI. The Environment)<\/span>
        \n<\/h3>\n

        \n\t\u73af\u5883\uff08<\/span>Environment<\/span>\uff09\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u4e61\u6751\u90e8\u843d\uff08<\/span>Kraal<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u8c10\u76f8\u5904\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u672c\u571f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u57ce\u9547\u533a\uff08<\/span>Town Location<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u62e5\u6324\u3001\u4e0d\u536b\u751f\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u90e8\u843d\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u8511\u89c6\u548c\u4e0d\u826f\u9053\u5fb7\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u6ecb\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        3. \n\t\t\u77ff\u533a\u5927\u9662\uff08<\/span>Mine Compound<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u90e8\u843d\u6df7\u6742\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6ecb\u751f\u5962\u4f88\u3001\u9157\u9152\u3001\u8d4c\u535a\u7b49\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        4. \n\t\t\u4f20\u6559\u7ad9<\/span>\/<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u4e13\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u53d7\u63a7\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u4f4f\u5bbf\u3001\u98df\u7269\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \n\t\u5b66\u6821\u73af\u5883\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5b66\u6821\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u4ee5\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u5efa\u7b51\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9760\u8fd1\u6c34\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u56ed\u827a\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5efa\u7b51\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u672c\u5730\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u9732\u5929\u6559\u5ba4\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u77ee\u5899\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u98ce\u3002\u8bbe\u5907\u5e94\u9002\u5408\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4f53\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u9f13\u52b1\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u5730\u6750\u6599\u5236\u4f5c\u3002\u968f\u7740\u513f\u7ae5\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u73a9\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u9002\u5e94\u5e76\u6539\u9020\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u5341\u516b\u7ae0 \u6240\u6388\u5185\u5bb9<\/span> (Chapters XVII-XVIII. The Matter Taught)<\/span>
          \n<\/h3>\n

          \n\t\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5f97\u4e0a\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u4ee5<\/span>\u751f\u547d\u3001\u54c1\u683c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u7387<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff08<\/span>V. Murray<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n\t\t\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08<\/span>Tools<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5982<\/span>\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u7b97\uff08<\/span>3 R\u2019s<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6fc0\u6d3b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>vitalised<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u67af\u71e5\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          2. \n\t\t\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff08<\/span>World of Values and Ideals<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5b97\u6559\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u54c1\u683c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          3. \n\t\t\u4e8b\u7269\u4e16\u754c\uff08<\/span>World of Things<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u62a4\u7406\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u536b\u751f\u548c\u6bcd\u5a74\u62a4\u7406<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e61\u6751\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u5e94\u4ee5\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u793e\u533a\u5065\u5eb7\u6539\u5584\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          4. \n\t\t\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e16\u754c\uff08<\/span>World of People<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u89c6<\/span>\u672c\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\uff08<\/span>Vernacular<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u627f\u8f7d\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u751f\u547d\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6cb3\u6d41\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5e94\u57f9\u517b\u5bf9\u90e8\u843d\u3001\u540c\u80de\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          5. \n\t\t\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08<\/span>Creative Activities<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u827a\u672f\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u548c\u624b\u5de5\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5e94\u57f9\u517b\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u975e\u6d32\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u9676\u827a\u3001\u6728\u96d5\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u548c\u821e\u8e48\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u5176\u827a\u672f\u5929\u8d4b\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \n\t\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u8bfe\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u662f<\/span>\u975e\u6d32\u8303\u56f4\uff08<\/span>African in scope<\/span>\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5f39\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u9f84\u7ec4\uff08\u5982\u8fdf\u6765\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301<\/span>\u5e73\u8861<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u662f<\/span>\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\uff08<\/span>Reality<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8bcd\u8bed\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u8131\u8282\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span> (Chapters XIX-XXII. The Process)<\/span>
            \n<\/h3>\n

            \n\t\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5b66\u4e60\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u611f\u5b98\u5370\u8c61\u3001\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u601d\u8003<\/span>\/<\/span>\u5224\u65ad\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u6559\u5b66\u5e94\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u6574\u4f53\uff08<\/span>Wholes<\/span>\uff09\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08<\/span>Patterns<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6beb\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027\u624d\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u5219\u7684<\/span>\u4ec6\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Servants<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u7b26\u5408\u6559\u80b2\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n\t\t\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>Inductive Method<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6559\u5e08\u63d0\u4f9b\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b66\u751f\u81ea\u884c\u53d1\u73b0\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u66f4\u5065\u5168\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5fc3\u667a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u6f14\u7ece\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>Deductive Method<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u518d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u4e60\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u8d6b\u5c14\u5df4\u7279\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5f62\u5f0f\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Formal Steps<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5f52\u7eb3\u8bfe\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u51c6\u5907\u3001\u5448\u73b0\u3001\u8054\u5408\uff08\u6bd4\u8f83\uff09\u3001\u6982\u62ec\u548c\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>Socratic Teaching<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7\u5de7\u5999\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b66\u751f\u81ea\u6211\u8d28\u7591\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u9879\u76ee\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>Project Method<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5c06\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u5982\u5efa\u623f\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6574\u4f53<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5173\u8054\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \n\t\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6559\u5e08\u5e38\u72af\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8fc7\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb2\u6388\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>Lecture<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u4e0d\u52a0\u601d\u8003\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08<\/span>Drill<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u6279\u6539\u4ece\u672a\u6559\u8fc7\u5185\u5bb9\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u52fe\u52fe\u70ed<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>tick fever<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u5b66\u79d1\u6559\u5b66\u5efa\u8bae<\/span> (XXI-XXII)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n\t\t\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4fa7\u91cd\u7406\u89e3\u548c<\/span>\u76f4\u63a5\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Direct
                \n Method<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u8bed\u9605\u8bfb\u5e94\u65e9\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u62fc\u5199\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span>\u907f\u514d\u9519\u8bef<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e94\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5199\u4f5c\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u4e60\u548c\u8f6c\u5f55\u6765\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u7b97\u672f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u7269\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u5148\u5177\u4f53\u540e\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u65e9\u5904\u7406\u8d85\u51fa\u7406\u89e3\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u8868\u8fbe<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u539f\u521b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5b66\u751f\u5236\u9020\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u590d\u5236\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0 \u5e94\u7528<\/span> (Chapter XXIII. The Application)<\/span>
                \n<\/h3>\n

                \n\t\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u6574\u4f53<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u603b\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u975e\u6d32\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u672a\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u5145\u65a5\u7740<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8bcd\u8bed\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4fbf\u5b66\u751f\u4e0a\u5b66\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u536b\u751f\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u6539\u5584\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5411\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u5e08\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u6301\u7eed\u800c\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u5f15\u5bfc\u975e\u6d32\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\u8d70\u5411\u6709\u6548\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t
                \n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t<\/p>\n

                \n\t\t