{"id":1675,"date":"2025-11-02T05:13:04","date_gmt":"2025-11-01T21:13:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1675"},"modified":"2025-11-02T05:13:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-01T21:13:04","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%ad%e5%ad%a6%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e7%9a%84%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e4%b8%8e%e8%bf%9b%e5%b1%95%ef%bc%8c1902-1942%e3%80%8b-policy-and-progress-in-secondary-education-1902-1942","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1675","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c1902-1942\u300b Policy and Progress in Secondary Education, 1902-1942"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0201 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c<\/strong><\/u><\/span>1902-1942<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tPolicy
\nand Progress in Secondary Education, 1902-1942<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9 <\/span>1902 <\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u81f3 <\/span>1942 <\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\u82f1\u56fd\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong> \u653f\u7b56\u548c\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 <\/span>\u4e2d\u592e\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002 \u5b83\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86 <\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f <\/span>\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u83ab\u5170\u7279<\/span> (Robert Morant)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e2e\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86 <\/span>\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6846\u67b6<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u66f4 <\/span>\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5<\/span><\/strong> \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u613f\u666f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002 \u6587\u672c\u8fd8\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86 <\/span>\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c <\/span>\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff0c <\/span>\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca <\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u5e74\u4ee3 <\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u6301\u7eed\u52aa\u529b\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u4e5f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86 <\/span>\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/strong> \u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf8\u5982 <\/span>\u54c8\u591a\uff08<\/span>Hadow<\/span>\uff09\u62a5\u544a<\/span><\/strong> \u548c <\/span>\u65af\u5f6d\u65af\uff08<\/span>Spens<\/span>\uff09\u62a5\u544a<\/span><\/strong> \u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u65e8\u5728 <\/span>\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6559\u80b2\u4e00\u4f53\u5316<\/span><\/strong> \u5e76\u4e3a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u4e8e<\/span>1943<\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u6e29\u65af\u987f<\/span>\u00b7S\u00b7<\/span>\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Winston S. Churchill<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u82e5\u8981\u6210\u529f\u5e94\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u683c\u96f7\u592b\u65af\uff08<\/span>John Graves<\/span>\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Board of Education<\/span>\uff09\u5728<\/span>11<\/span>\u5c81\u81f3<\/span>18<\/span>\u5c81\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u672f\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u9700\u8981\u6f84\u6e05<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Secondary
\nEducation<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span>1926<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u54c8\u9053\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff08<\/span>Hadow
\nReport<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06<\/span>11<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91c7\u7528\u6587\u5b66\u6216\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Grammar
\nSchools<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u592e\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Central<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u975e\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4e2d\u592e\u5b66\u6821\u6216\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Modern
\nSchools<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7eb3\u3002\u4e3a\u6e05\u6670\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\uff09\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>secondary (grammar) schools<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f15\u8a00<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u7acb\u7684<\/span>19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u884c\u653f\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4f30\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u4e0e\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u4e0d\u8db3\u8fdb\u884c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f<\/span> (Historical Background)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a<\/span>19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>90<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (English Education in the ‘Nineties)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4ee5<\/span>1895<\/span>\u5e74\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c<\/span>\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Primary Education<\/span>\uff09\u5df2\u57fa\u672c\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u3001\u4e3a\u5de5\u85aa\u9636\u5c42\u5b50\u5973\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u79c1\u7acb\u6559\u80b2\u5206\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u5219\u5904\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u975e\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u516c\u5b66\uff08<\/span>non-local Public Schools<\/span>\uff09\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u5c42\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u7ea6<\/span>35,000<\/span>\u540d\u7537\u5b69\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6602\u8d35\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u867d\u7136\u300a\u6350\u8d60\u5b66\u6821\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08<\/span>Endowed Schools Acts<\/span>\uff09\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a<\/span>\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4e1a\u57ce\u9547\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/span>\u5973\u5b50\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u85aa\u916c\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u80a4\u6d45\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9ad8\u7b49<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u521d\u7ea7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Higher \u201cElementary\u201d Education<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u7cfb\u5916\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8bde\u751f\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Higher Grade
\nSchool<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2d\u7b49\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b98\u65b9\u4ecd\u88ab\u5f52\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u521d\u7ea7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u90e8\uff08<\/span>Science and Art Department<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u52a9\u6765\u6269\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5bfc\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08<\/span>Technical Instruction Act<\/span>\uff09\uff0c<\/span>\u90e1\u548c\u90e1\u81ea\u6cbb\u5e02\u9547\u8bae\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0e\u6536\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5a01\u58eb\u5fcc\u94b1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Whiskey Money<\/span>\uff09\u8d44\u52a9<\/span>\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u91d1\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8d44\u52a9\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1895\u5e74<\/span>\u5e03\u83b1\u65af\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Bryce Commission
\nReport<\/span>\uff09\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e2d\u592e\u673a\u6784\uff08\u6148\u5584\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u90e8\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u95e8\uff09\u804c\u6743\u8303\u56f4\u72ed\u7a84\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u8131\u8282\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u4e3b\u5f20\u5efa\u7acb\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u80c6\u5730\u5c06<\/span>\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u6db5\u76d6\u5728\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u4e2a\u4eba\u9002\u5e94\u672a\u6765\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u673a\u6784\u6210\u7acb\u540e\u5c31\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u63a7\u5236<\/span> (The Board of Education and the Control
\nof its Policy)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1900\u5e74<\/span>4<\/span>\u6708<\/span>1<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u300a<\/span>1899<\/span>\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u751f\u6548\uff0c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Board of
\nEducation<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5b83\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6148\u5584\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e03\u83b1\u65af\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u662f\u6743\u529b\u53d7\u9650\u7684<\/span>\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Consultative Committee<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u8bbe\u90e8\u95e8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7531\u4e8e\u591a\u6570\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4efb\u671f\u77ed\u6682\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8f6c\u77ac\u5373\u901d\u7684\u5e7b\u5f71<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u65e0\u9700\u54a8\u8be2\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e3b\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u5728<\/span>\u5e38\u8bbe\u5b98\u5458<\/span><\/b>\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b98\u50da\u4f5c\u98ce\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u81ea<\/span>1906<\/span>\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8131\u79bb\u4e86<\/span>\u515a\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u4e0e<\/span>1899<\/span>\u5e74\u548c<\/span>1902<\/span>\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u6848<\/span> (Robert Morant and the Education
\nActs of 1899 and 1902)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u7740\u91cd\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u83ab\u5170\u7279\uff08<\/span>Robert Morant<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b98\u65b9\u62a5\u544a\u79d8\u5bc6\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e86<\/span>\u79d1\u514b\u987f\u6848<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Cockerton Case<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>1901<\/span>\u5e74\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u65e0\u6743\u5c06\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u88ab\u53d6\u7f14\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u4e3a<\/span>1902<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u5df4\u5c14\u798f<\/span>–<\/span>\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u6cd5\u6848\u300b<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Balfour-Morant Act<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u9664\u4e86\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u90e1\u548c\u90e1\u81ea\u6cbb\u5e02\u9547\u8bae\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u5f53\u5c40\uff08<\/span>LEAs<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6240\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u6cd5\u6848\u8fd8\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86<\/span>\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Voluntary
\nSchools<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e16\u4fd7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u7eb3\u5165\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u4f46\u5141\u8bb8\u6559\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6559\u5e08\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6cd5\u6848\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u5bf9\u8d44\u52a9\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff08\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u88ab\u52a8\u62b5\u6297<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u8fdb\u5c55\u5728\u521d\u671f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u963b\u788d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u51b2\u7a81<\/span> (The Clash of Ideals)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1902\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u5e38\u4efb\u79d8\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u4e0e\u524d\u4e0a\u53f8<\/span>\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8428\u5fb7\u52d2<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Michael Sadler<\/span>\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8428\u5fb7\u52d2\u5021\u5bfc<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bbd\u6cdb\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u89c6\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u540e\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u5f15\u8fdb\u5fb7\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u5982<\/span>Realschule<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u800c\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u5219\u6301\u6709<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u72ed\u9698\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5728\u6e29\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u53e4\u5178\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53d7\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u884c\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b98\u80fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>“faculty”
\npsychology<\/span>\uff09\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u79d1\u76ee\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7eaa\u5f8b\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u666e\u904d\u63d0\u9ad8\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u4e0d\u613f\u9f13\u52b1\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u8428\u5fb7\u52d2\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u8428\u5fb7\u52d2\u4e8e<\/span>1903<\/span>\u5e74\u8f9e\u804c\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u5728\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/span>1904\u20131914<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u673a\u6784<\/span> (The Central Machinery)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u5e9f\u9664\u300a<\/span>1902<\/span>\u5e74\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u6cd5\u6848\u5168\u9762\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u90e8\u95e8\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u521d\u7ea7\u3001\u4e2d\u7b49\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5206\u652f\u5728\u5730\u7406\u5212\u5206\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e86<\/span>\u7763\u5b66\u56e2<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Inspectorate<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7763\u5b66\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u5176\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u7b26\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u9996\u6b21\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u7763\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u8d22\u653f\u969c\u788d<\/span> (Financial Obstacles)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7531\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u8d44\u91d1\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u88ab\u8feb\u91c7\u53d6<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u96f6\u6572\u788e\u6253<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u6269\u5927\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u91d1\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e86<\/span>1902<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1942<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u5730\u65b9\u8c03\u67e5<\/span> (Local Surveys)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u5f53\u5c40\uff08<\/span>LEAs<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u7684<\/span>\u5730\u65b9\u8c03\u67e5<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8f9e\u804c\u540e\u7684\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8428\u5fb7\u52d2\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u5f53\u5c40\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u8c03\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u5b66\u6821\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u7684<\/span>\u68c0\u67e5<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u5e08\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (The Education of Teachers)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u6539\u9769\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f<\/span>\u5b66\u5f92\u6559\u5e08\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Pupil-Teacher System<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\u5bfc\u81f4\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u517b\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u6559\u80b2\u9694\u79bb\u3002<\/span>1903<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u89c4\u5b9a\u9f13\u52b1\u6709\u62b1\u8d1f\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u5728<\/span>\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\uff09\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u63a5\u53d7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8fc7\u65e9\u8fdb\u5165\u5c0f\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\u3002<\/span>1907<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>\u52a9\u5b66\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Bursary System<\/span>\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u672a\u6765\u6559\u5e08\u5728<\/span>17<\/span>\u6216<\/span>18<\/span>\u5c81\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u4e2d\u5b66\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u5e08\u85aa\u916c\u4f4e\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65b0\u6559\u5e08\u5165\u5b66\u4eba\u6570\u4e25\u91cd\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\uff09\u5b66\u6821<\/span> (Secondary (Grammar) Schools)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1904\u5e74\u7684<\/span>\u201cS\u201d<\/span>\u89c4\u5b9a<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e2d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u4e3a<\/span>16<\/span>\u5c81\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8981\u6c42\u4e25\u82db\u4e14\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u89c4\u5b9a\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u5c06\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1906-7\u5e74\u7684<\/span>\u201cS\u201d<\/span>\u89c4\u5b9a\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u6536\u53d6\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u6765\u81ea\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u4f4e<\/span>25%<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u514d\u8d39\u540d\u989d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Free Places<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5165\u5b66\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u3002\u514d\u8d39\u751f\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u5f02\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\u73ed\u7ea7\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5230<\/span>1914<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\uff09\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5165\u5b66\u4eba\u6570\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\uff1a\u9ad8\u7b49\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (Higher Elementary Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9ad8\u7b49\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Higher Elementary Schools<\/span>\uff09\u5728<\/span>1906<\/span>\u5e74\u53ea\u6709<\/span>30<\/span>\u6240\u3002<\/span>1911-12<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u548c\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u4e2d\u592e\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Central Schools<\/span>\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u6216\u5de5\u4e1a\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4e3a\u79bb\u6821\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u4f46\u5728<\/span>1914<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u63a5\u53d7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u521d\u7ea7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5e74\u957f\u5b66\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u7279\u6b8a\u5b89\u6392\u666e\u904d\u4e0d\u8db3<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (Technical Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7531\u4e8e\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span>\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u88ab\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u53d7\u5230\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002<\/span>1903-4<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u89c4\u53ea\u6db5\u76d6\u591c\u6821\u548c\u6280\u672f\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a<\/span>16<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u65e5\u5236\u6280\u672f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u76f4\u5230<\/span>1912-13<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>\u521d\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Junior Technical
\nSchools<\/span>\uff09\u624d\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5de5\u4e1a\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c31\u4e1a\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\u5065\u5eb7<\/span> (Health of the School-Child)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b66\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span>1907<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u884c\u653f\u89c4\u5b9a\uff09\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86<\/span>\u533b\u7597\u68c0\u67e5<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u968f\u540e<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>School Medical Service<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u6700\u521d\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\uff09\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u65b0\u5927\u7eb2\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86<\/span>\u536b\u751f\u4e0e\u4f53\u80b2\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u60c5\u62a5\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb<\/span> (Intelligence and Public Relations)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8428\u5fb7\u52d2\u8f9e\u804c\u540e\uff0c\u60c5\u62a5\u548c\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u8fdb\u5165<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d2b\u4e4f\u671f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u7cbe\u6e5b\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7269\uff08\u5982\u300a\u7ed9\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff09\u63a7\u5236\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u4ee5\u513f\u7ae5\u3001\u54c1\u683c\u5851\u9020\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u83ab\u5170\u7279<\/span><\/b>\u4e13\u6a2a\u7684\u4f5c\u98ce\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e00\u540c\u88ab\u8c03\u79bb\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5411\u5916\u90e8\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bfb\u6c42\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u7efc\u5408<\/span> (An Attempted Synthesis)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1913\u5e74\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u66fe\u8ba1\u5212\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u90e1\u8bae\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e2d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>intermediate education<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u540e\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e<\/span>1914<\/span>\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u88ab\u653e\u5f03\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/span>1914\u20131919<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd0\u884c<\/span> (Carrying on)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e<\/span>\u7ef4\u6301\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u9f13\u52b1\u5c0f\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e74\u957f\u513f\u7ae5\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5b66\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u56e0\u6218\u65f6\u4f19\u98df\uff08<\/span>Provision of Meals<\/span>\uff09\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\u3002\u6218\u65f6<\/span>\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\uff09\u5b66\u6821\u5165\u5b66\u4eba\u6570\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7236\u6bcd\u6536\u5165\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u6821\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u8d39\u820d\u5c14\u5148\u751f\u7684\u6539\u9769<\/span> (Mr. Fisher’s Reforms)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tH.A.L.\u8d39\u820d\u5c14\uff08<\/span>H.A.L. Fisher<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u6559\u5e08\u85aa\u8d44\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u4e86<\/span>\u6559\u5e08\u85aa\u916c<\/span><\/b>\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4f2f\u7eb3\u59c6\u5e38\u8bbe\u8054\u5408\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Burnham Committee<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u85aa\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a<\/span>1918<\/span>\u5e74\u6559\u5e08\u9000\u4f11\u91d1\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\uff09\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5bf9<\/span>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Advanced Courses<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u9f13\u52b1\u5b66\u751f\u7559\u6821\u81f3<\/span>18<\/span>\u5c81\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e86<\/span>\u8003\u8bd5<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u4e94\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>School Certificate<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8003\u8bd5\uff09\u548c\u9488\u5bf9\u516d\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u9ad8\u7b49\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Higher Certificate<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0e\u5927\u5b66\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u6302\u94a9\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86<\/span>\u5206\u7ec4\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/b>\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u65e9\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d39\u820d\u5c14\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9057\u4ea7\u662f\u300a<\/span>1918<\/span>\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u6848\u300b<\/span>\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4f9b\u6240\u6709\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8005\u53d7\u76ca\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u5f3a\u5236\u5165\u5b66\u5e74\u9f84\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230<\/span>14<\/span>\u5c81\uff0c\u5e76\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u8981\u6c42\u5730\u65b9\u5f53\u5c40\u4e3a\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6559\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\uff08<\/span>14-16<\/span>\u5c81\uff09\u5f3a\u5236\u53c2\u52a0<\/span><\/b>\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Continuation Schools<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/span>1919\u20131939<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u6269\u5f20\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6218\u540e\u8427\u6761<\/span> (The Board\u2019s Policy of School Expansion
\nand the Post-War Slump)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u5c0f\u5b66\u5efa\u7b51\u96be\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a<\/span>1918<\/span>\u5e74\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u8981\u6c42<\/span>LEAs<\/span>\u5236\u5b9a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7eb3\u5165<\/span>\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6559\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e<\/span>1921<\/span>\u5e74\u8d38\u6613\u7a81\u7136\u5d29\u6e83\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u683c\u8fea\u65af\u4e4b\u65a7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Geddes “Axe”<\/span>\uff09\u7d27\u7f29\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u6269\u5f20\u53d7\u963b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6821\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u63a8\u8fdf\u3002\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\uff09\u5b66\u6821\u4f4f\u5bbf\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u5956\u5b66\u91d1<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>State Scholarships<\/span>\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u4e8e<\/span>1920<\/span>\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u7ae0\uff1a<\/span>1924<\/span>\u5e74\u5de5\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212<\/span> (The Labour
\nGovernment and their Educational Programme, 1924)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1924\u5e74\u5de5\u515a\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u8981\u6c42\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u9488\u5bf9\u7559\u6821\u81f3<\/span>15<\/span>\u5c81\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u300a<\/span>1918<\/span>\u5e74\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u786e<\/span>\u540e\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5de5\u515a\u63a8\u884c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5168\u6c11\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Secondary Education for All<\/span>\uff09\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u53d6\u6d88\u5b66\u8d39\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u514d\u8d39\u540d\u989d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u5206\u4e3a\u521d\u7ea7\uff08<\/span>11\/12<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff09\u548c\u4e2d\u7ea7\uff08<\/span>12<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff1a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (The Education of the Adolescent)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86<\/span>\u989d\u5916\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Extra-Statutory Programmes<\/span>\uff09\u8981\u6c42<\/span>LEAs<\/span>\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e09\u5e74\u671f\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/span>1926<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>\u300a\u54c8\u9053\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Education of the
\nAdolescent<\/span>\uff09\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5ba3\u8a00\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\u7ed3\u675f\u5e74\u9f84\u5b9a\u4e3a<\/span>11<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u540e\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u521d\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u5f3a\u8c03\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821\u5e94\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301<\/span>12<\/span>\u6216<\/span>13<\/span>\u5c81\u65f6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u6821\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u8f6c\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5c3d\u7ba1\u62a5\u544a\u53cd\u54cd\u70ed\u70c8\uff0c\u4f46\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u79bb\u6821\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0a\u6301\u8c28\u614e\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u5904\u7406\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u5927\u73ed\u6388\u8bfe\u3002\u7531\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53cc\u91cd\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Dual
\nSystem<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u81ea\u613f\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c<\/span>1929<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1931<\/span>\u5e74<\/span><\/b>\u63d0\u9ad8\u79bb\u6821\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a<\/span>1936<\/span>\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u62e8\u6b3e\uff08<\/span>50%<\/span>\uff09\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u89c4\u5b9a\u79bb\u6821\u5e74\u9f84\u63d0\u9ad8\u81f3<\/span>15<\/span>\u5c81\uff08<\/span>1939<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>9<\/span>\u6708\u8d77\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5141\u8bb8\u56e0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6709\u76ca\u5c31\u4e1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Beneficial Employment<\/span>\uff09\u800c\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u8fd8\u4e3a<\/span>\u81ea\u613f\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u52a9\uff08\u6700\u9ad8<\/span>75%<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u5b66\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u8ba9\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u7ae0\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55<\/span> (Progress in Technical Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7531\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9694\u9602<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u76f8\u5bf9\u6ede\u540e\u3002\u6d1b\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5c24\u65af\u5854\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u73c0\u897f\uff08<\/span>Lord Eustace Percy<\/span>\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u9879<\/span><\/b>\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\uff08\u5982\u9500\u552e\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\uff09\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span>\u521d\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7a33\u6b65\u589e\u957f\uff0c<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>National Certificates<\/span>\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e5f\u6781\u5927\u5730\u9f13\u52b1\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6390\u5c16<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u521d\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u62db\u6536\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u5b66\u751f\u65b9\u9762\u4ecd\u9762\u4e34\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\uff09\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55<\/span> (Progress in Secondary (Grammar)
\nSchools)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e2d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u548c\u5e73\u5747<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u751f\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/b>\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff08<\/span>1938<\/span>\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u4e3a<\/span>4<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>11<\/span>\u4e2a\u6708\uff09\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165<\/span>\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u521d\u7ea7\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u8003\u8bd5\u3002\u514d\u8d39\u540d\u989d\u88ab<\/span>\u7279\u6b8a\u540d\u989d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Special Places<\/span>\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6839\u636e\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80fd\u529b\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u51cf\u514d\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\u56db\u9879\u8bfe\u7a0b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u6559\u5b66\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>The
\nTeaching of English in England<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u82f1\u8bed\u662f\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u77ed\u671f\u6559\u5e08\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6559\u5b66\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5bf9<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u8bc1\u4e66\u8003\u8bd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>School Certificate<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6539\u9769\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u8be5\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u5236\u5ea6\u5bf9\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u4eba\u7fa4\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u538b\u529b\u548c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u8bc1\u4e66\u88ab\u96c7\u4e3b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u62db\u8058\uff0c\u5176<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5347\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u76d6\u8fc7\u4e86\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u521d\u8877\u3002<\/span>1936<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e86\u8003\u8bd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u653e\u5bbd\u5206\u7ec4\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u878d\u5408\u4e0e\u542f\u8499<\/span> (Integration and Enlightenment)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6574\u5408\u540e\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span>\u300a\u65af\u5f6d\u65af\u62a5\u544a\u300b<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Spens Report, 1938<\/span>\uff09\u62d2\u7edd\u5c06\u591a\u8fb9\u5b66\u6821\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u5efa\u8bae\u5176\u7406\u5ff5\u5e94\u6e17\u900f\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u8bae\u5c06\u521d\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u4e3a<\/span>\u6280\u672f\u9ad8\u4e2d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Technical High Schools<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5165\u5b66\u5e74\u9f84\u964d\u81f3<\/span>11<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821\u4e00\u540c\u7eb3\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u6cd5\u89c4\u300b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5730\u4f4d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c<\/span>\u8f6c\u5b66\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4e5f\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u81ea\u8428\u5fb7\u52d2\u79bb\u804c\u540e\u5728<\/span>\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u516c\u4f17\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6559\u80b2\u8fdb\u5c55\u53d7\u963b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/span>1939\u20131942<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u758f\u6563\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd<\/span> (Evacuation and Its Effects)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u79bb\u6821\u5e74\u9f84\u63d0\u9ad8\u81f3<\/span>15<\/span>\u5c81\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u88ab<\/span>\u6682\u505c<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>\u5927\u758f\u6563<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Great Migration<\/span>\uff09\u56e0\u51c6\u5907\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u90e8\u5206\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u513f\u7ae5\u8fd4\u56de\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u5728\u758f\u6563\u63a5\u6536\u533a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u513f\u7ae5\u53ea\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u517c\u804c\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u906d\u9047\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5230<\/span>1942<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u65e5\u5236\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff08<\/span>99%<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u5e2d\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\u90e8\u5206\u513f\u7ae5\u56e0\u9891\u7e41\u8f6c\u79fb\u800c<\/span>\u6587\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u9752\u5e74\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span> (The Youth Movement)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f97\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u300a<\/span>1916-37<\/span>\u5e74\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7ec4\u7ec7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u300b\u548c\u300a<\/span>1937-39<\/span>\u5e74\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u80fd\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u300b\u6743\u529b\u5747\u53d7\u9650\u3002<\/span>1939<\/span>\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u7684<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u9752\u5e74\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>National Youth
\nCommittee<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u300a\u9752\u5e74\u670d\u52a1\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Service of Youth<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86<\/span>LEAs<\/span>\u63a5\u624b\u9752\u5e74\u798f\u5229\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u4ece<\/span>\u6210\u4eba\u4e3a\u9752\u5e74\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a<\/span>\u9752\u5e74\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u9752\u5e74\u670d\u52a1\u961f\uff0c<\/span>Youth Service Corps<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u9752\u5e74\u767b\u8bb0\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Registration
\nof Youth<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>16-18<\/span>\u5c81\uff09\u3002<\/span>1942<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u7684<\/span>\u9752\u5e74\u54a8\u8be2\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Youth Advisory Council<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u9752\u5e74\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7eb3\u5165\u54a8\u8be2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u516c\u5b66<\/span> (The Public Schools)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u56de\u987e\u4e86<\/span>\u516c\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Public Schools<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span>1942<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u516c\u5b66\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\u534f\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Governing Bodies’ Association<\/span>\uff09\u6216\u6821\u957f\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08<\/span>Headmasters’ Conference<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u6821\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1919\u5e74\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u4f1a\u8bae\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u516c\u5b66\u5411\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u5b66\u751f\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u65e5\u76ca\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7A\u00b7<\/span>\u5df4\u7279\u52d2\u4e8e<\/span>1942<\/span>\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u5f17\u83b1\u660e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Fleming Committee<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u516c\u5b66\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u6210\u672c<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5bc4\u5bbf\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u9ad8\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u5165\u5b66\u5e74\u9f84<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u516c\u5b66\u901a\u5e38<\/span>13<\/span>\u5c81\u5165\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>11<\/span>\u5c81\u5206\u6d41\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7740\u88c5<\/span><\/b>\u878d\u5408\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u672a\u6765\u8ba1\u5212<\/span> (Plans for the Future)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7eff\u76ae\u4e66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u8463\u4e8b\u53ca\u79d8\u4e66\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u56de\u590d\uff09\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5efa\u8bae\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u63d0\u9ad8\u79bb\u6821\u5e74\u9f84\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6218\u540e\u5e94\u7acb\u5373\u63d0\u9ad8\u81f3<\/span>15<\/span>\u5c81\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u9ad8\u81f3<\/span>16<\/span>\u5c81\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6709\u76ca\u5c31\u4e1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8c41\u514d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u6559\u80b2\u5206\u671f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u521d\u7ea7\uff08\u81f3<\/span>11<\/span>\u5c81\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u540e\u521d\u7ea7<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u6b64\u540e\uff09\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u540e\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6240\u6709\u540e\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u5e94\u5728<\/span>\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u6cd5\u89c4<\/span><\/b>\u4e0b\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5e76<\/span>\u514d\u8d39<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u6821\u5730\u4f4d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5efa\u7acb\u9488\u5bf9<\/span>18<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684<\/span>\u4e49\u52a1\u5236\u5168\u65e5\u5236\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5730\u65b9\u5f53\u5c40\u5e94\u5c65\u884c\u4e49\u52a1\u4e3a\u6b8b\u75be\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  6. \n\t\t\u53cc\u91cd\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u5b66\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u53cc\u91cd\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Dual System<\/span>\uff09\u56e0\u59a8\u788d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6548\u7387\u800c\u5e94\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  7. \n\t\t\u884c\u653f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\u5e94\u62e5\u6709\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u804c\u80fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  8. \n\t\t\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u5e45\u52a0\u5f3a\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684<\/span>\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6539\u9769\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n
    \n<\/div>\n

    \n\t\u603b\u7ed3\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u4e66\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4ece<\/span>1902<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1942<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u8d22\u653f\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u72ed\u9698\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0e\u8428\u5fb7\u52d2\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bbd\u6cdb\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6323\u624e\u7740\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5206\u6d41<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Break<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4ece\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u7ea6<\/span>11<\/span>\u5c81\uff09\u5230\u540e\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u4e2d\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f34\u968f\u5206\u6d41\u800c\u6765\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u5730\u4f4d\u5e73\u7b49\u5316\u6311\u6218\uff08\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\u4e0d\u52a3\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u54c8\u9053\u3001\u65af\u5f6d\u65af\u548c\u6218\u540e\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u53f2\u5c31\u50cf\u662f<\/span>\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u5ea7\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7528\u9014\u5efa\u7b51<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6700\u521d\uff08<\/span>1902<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\uff08\u83ab\u5170\u7279\uff09\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u62c6\u9664\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u4e34\u65f6\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u84dd\u56fe\u8fc7\u4e8e\u72ed\u9698\u4e14\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u77ee\u7b80\u964b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u4eec\uff08\u5982\u8d39\u820d\u5c14\u3001\u54c8\u9053\u3001\u65af\u5f6d\u65af\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u63a8\u5012\u5404\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u5899\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56fe\u7eb8\uff08\u5982<\/span>11<\/span>\u5c81\u5206\u6d41\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u6cd5\u89c4\uff09\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6253\u901a\u5de5\u7a0b\uff08\u5982\u63d0\u9ad8\u79bb\u6821\u5e74\u9f84\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5730\u57fa<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u7559\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u53cc\u91cd\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\u6216\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u66b4\uff08\u6218\u4e89\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\uff09\u6240\u963b\u788d\u3002\u76f4\u5230<\/span>1942<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ecd\u5728\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u878d\u5408\u548c\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5c45\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u8c6a\u534e\u4e0e\u5b9e\u7528\u517c\u5177\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u516c\u5b66\uff09\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u7559\u7ed9\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t