{"id":1672,"date":"2025-11-01T05:43:06","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T21:43:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1672"},"modified":"2025-11-01T05:43:06","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T21:43:06","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%9f%8f%e6%8b%89%e5%9b%be%e4%b8%8e%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e3%80%8bplato-and-modern-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1672","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u300bPlato and Modern Education"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0200 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span>Plato and Modern Education<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u674e\u6587\u65af\u987f\u7235\u58eb\uff08<\/span>Sir Richard Livingstone<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u56db\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u300b\u6f14\u8bb2\u7a3f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8bba\u8ff0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684<\/span>\u6c38\u6052\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u7528\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5efa\u8bae\u591a\u5c5e\u7a7a\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u89c2\u70b9\u5374\u6781\u5177<\/span>\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5021\u5bfc\u7537\u5973\u540c\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u7acb\u7c7b\u4f3c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u6279\u8bc4\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u7d2f\u79ef\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176<\/span>\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u57f9\u517b<\/span><\/b>\u53d8\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u5982\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u81f3\u5584\uff08<\/span>human goodness<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u667a\u6167<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u547c\u5401\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u878d\u5165\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u751f\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u4eba\u751f\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6587\u660e\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cbe\u795e\u6307\u5f15\u800c\u8d70\u5411\u8870\u8d25\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7bc7\u7ae0\u4e00\uff1a\u5f15\u8a00\u4e0e\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6559\u80b2\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u539f\u8457\u6bb5\u843d \u81f3\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7bc7\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u6301\u7eed\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u4e14\u6781\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u6c38\u6052\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8457\u4f5c\u5be5\u5be5\u53ef\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u90e8\u6e90\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u800c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u72ec\u8457\u4f5c\u8bba\u8ff0\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u300b\uff08<\/span>Republic<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u548c\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7bc7\u300b\uff08<\/span>Laws<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8f\u8bba\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6d1e\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5904\u65b9\uff08\u5982\u300a\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u5ea6\u6216\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7bc7\u300b\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5b64\u7acb\u57ce\u90a6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\uff09\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u8bca\u65ad\u5927\u5e08\uff08<\/span>master of diagnosis<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728<\/span>\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8bca\u65ad\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5efa\u8bae\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f<\/span>\u5b8c\u5168\u5b9e\u7528\u4e14\u5145\u6ee1\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u9884\u89c1\u672a\u6765\u300d\u7684\u975e\u51e1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u6bd4\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u73b0\u4ee3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u7537\u5973\u540c\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5987\u5973\u5730\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u63d0\u51fa\u7537\u5973\u5e94\u63a5\u53d7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u8fd9\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u624d\u88ab\u7f13\u6162\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\u662f\u300c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u516c\u804c\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u5176\u5e94\u4e0e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7537\u5973\u516c\u6c11\u5171\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u5373\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Board
    \n of Education<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u5b66\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4ed6\u9884\u89c1\u4e86\u4ea7\u524d\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u751f\u547d\u6700\u521d\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u5851\u9020\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u793a\u4e09\u5230\u516d\u5c81\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5e94\u88ab\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u5723\u6bbf\uff0c\u7531\u7763\u5bfc\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0b\u7684\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u7167\u6599\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3<\/span>\u6258\u513f\u6240\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>nursery school<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u662f\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5148\u9a71\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u6216\u5927\u5b66\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff1b\u4ed6\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u9ad8\u6f6e\u662f\u5728<\/span> 50 <\/span>\u5c81\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4ecd\u9700\u5c06\u751f\u6d3b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u7bc7\u7ae0\u4e8c\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u4e0e\u5e0c\u814a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u539f\u8457\u6bb5\u843d \u81f3\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7bc7\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6240\u5904\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u70b9\uff1a<\/span>\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7406\u6027\u51b2\u51fb\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u6b63\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u4eba\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f8e\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f20\u7edf\u6216\u542f\u793a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u51ed\u7406\u6027\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5728\u300a\u6b27\u897f\u5fb7\u8c1f\u65af\u7bc7\u300b\uff08<\/span>Euthydemus<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u4e2d\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6e34\u671b\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u4f46\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u6743\u529b\u7b49\u6210\u5206\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u82e5\u65e0\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4f5c\u6076\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5177\u5907\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684<\/span>\u667a\u6167<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u300c<\/span>\u4ece\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u826f\u5584\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/b>\u300d\uff08<\/span>training to goodness from youth<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff08\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff08\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e00\u4ee3\u82e5\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u826f\u597d\u6559\u517b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u8239\u65b9\u80fd\u987a\u5229\u822a\u884c\uff09\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u521b\u9020\u300c\u6240\u6709\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u667a\u6167\u3001\u7406\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span><\/b>\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u624b\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6240\u6709\u73af\u8282\u90fd\u5e94\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u6b64\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n\t\t\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b66\u4e60\u4f1f\u5927\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c1\u8bc6\u5e76\u6a21\u4eff\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u97f3\u4e50\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5851\u9020\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u8282\u594f\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u6570\u5b66\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8bad\u7ec3\u5fc3\u7075\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u89c2\u7167<\/span>\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u548c\u58f0\u5b66\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f7f\u4eba\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5219\u4e4b\u7f8e\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u4f53\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\u667a\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u8eab\u5fc3\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u8c10\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n\t\u6c1b\u56f4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u575a\u6301\u6559\u80b2\u6c1b\u56f4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u5e94\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u300c<\/span>\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5438\u53d6\u7f8e\u597d<\/span><\/b>\u300d\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u4e00\u9635\u6e05\u98ce\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6f5c\u79fb\u9ed8\u5316\u5730\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u7f8e\u548c\u8c10\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7bc7\u7ae0\u4e09\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8ff7\u5931\u4e0e\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u539f\u8457\u6bb5\u843d \u81f3\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6279\u8bc4\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u9886\u609f\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5bf9<\/span>\u95f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u6c1b\u56f4<\/span><\/b>\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5efa\u8bbe\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u4f1a\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8bad\u7ec3\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u54c1\u683c\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u826f\u5584<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u826f\u5584\uff0c\u662f\u5fc3\u7075\u4e0e\u300c\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u5929\u7403\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u300d\u76f8\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6280\u672f\u6216\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span>\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u65e0\u77e5<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>spiritual ignorance<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>a training in values<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8ff7\u5931\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u66fe\u6709\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u5982\u7c73\u5c14\u987f\u548c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u300c\u826f\u5584\u8bad\u7ec3\u300d\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u6587\u51ed\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u6240\u906e\u853d\uff0c\u4e14\u88ab\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9700\u6c42\u6240\u6df9\u6ca1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5bf9\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u4e00\u65e6\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5176\u521b\u9020\u7684\u521d\u8877\uff0c<\/span>\u6ca6\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u672c\u8eab<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u5206\u6563\u4e86\u5e08\u751f\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7bc7\u7ae0\u56db\uff1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u300c\u98ce\u5411\u300d<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u539f\u8457\u6bb5\u843d \u81f3\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7bc7\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u81ea\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9c81\u7d22\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff09\u5171\u540c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6240\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u4e00\u3001\u9c81\u7d22\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u4ee5\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9c81\u7d22\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ece\u513f\u7ae5\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u3001\u4f9d\u636e\u5176\u5929\u6027\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u89c4\u5212\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6539\u8fdb\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\uff1b\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u51c6\u5907\uff1b\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u573a\u6240\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n\t\t\u5371\u9669\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u513f\u7ae5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u300c\u5ffd\u7565\u76ee\u6807\u300d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fc7\u5206\u9075\u5faa\u675c\u5a01\uff08<\/span>Professor Dewey<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u300c\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\uff08<\/span>the Word<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u60c5\u5883\uff08<\/span>the Situation<\/span>\uff09\u300d\u7684\u6559\u6761\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u4ed6\u6240\u5904\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u4f7f\u5fc3\u7075\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u7cbe\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u300c\u98df\u7269\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u300d\uff08<\/span>Quality of the food<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u6eb6\u89e3\u6210\u96f6\u6563\u7684\u300c\u9879\u76ee\u300d\uff08<\/span>‘projects’<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n\t\u4e8c\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d1f\u62c5\u5f88\u8f7b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u638c\u63e1\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u96be\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u4e09\u3001\u8c0b\u751f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u804c\u4e1a\u8bad\u7ec3\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u591a\u5c5e\u300c\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u98df\u5229\u8005\u300d\uff08<\/span>happy rentiers<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8c0b\u751f\u6240\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u88c5\u5907\u4eba\u4eec\u8c0b\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6beb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u56db\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6563\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u540e\u679c\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u673a\u5668\u5974\u5f79<\/span><\/b> \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u300c\u98ce\u5411\u300d\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u671d\u5411<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ca\u5176\u8fd0\u7528\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u8bdd\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u64c5\u957f\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u806a\u660e\u654f\u6377\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u5408\u6cbb\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u6587\u660e\u7531\u300c\u673a\u5668\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u80b2\u672c\u8eab\u5374\u88ab\u673a\u5668\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4eba\u4eec\u64cd\u4f5c\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u300c\u673a\u5668\u601d\u7ef4\u300d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u5b83\u672c\u5e94\u9884\u9632\u7684\u6076\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u95ee\u7684\u662f\u300c\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u6700\u6709\u7528\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u5c31\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u968f\u6ce2\u9010\u6d41\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d29\u6e83\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u4e3a\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u6216\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u7b49\u5177\u6709\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u591a\u4e48\u6709\u5bb3\uff09\u660e\u786e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8005\u7684\u727a\u7272\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u7bc7\u7ae0\u4e94\uff1a\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff1a\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u5584\u7684\u7406\u5ff5<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u539f\u8457\u6bb5\u843d \u81f3\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u8f6c\u5411\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u672a\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5730\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u4e3a\u6bd5\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        3. \n\t\t\uff08\u6700\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/span><\/b> \u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u4eba\u751f\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \n\t\u5b8c\u7f8e\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff08\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u7f8e\u5b66\u3001\u667a\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u751f\u6d3b\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u300c\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u300d\uff08<\/span>a standard of the first-rate<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7b49\u7ea7\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u5bb0\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u662f\u5bf9\u300c<\/span>\u5584\u7684\u7406\u5ff5<\/span><\/b>\u300d\uff08<\/span>Idea of the Good<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7167\u4eae\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u5149\u8292\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u5ff5\u867d\u7136\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u300c\u5584\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u300d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u5b66\u540e\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u5bf9<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300c\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u662f\u4eba\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u653f\u6cbb\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u4ece\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u667a\u529b\u89d2\u5ea6\uff08\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5236\uff09\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e86\u300c\u8bef\u7f6e\u8bba\u9898\u300d\uff08<\/span>ignoratio
          \nelenchi<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8c2c\u8bef\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u4e14\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u539f\u56e0\u662f<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u5f31\u70b9<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u548c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5c06\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u90fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u8005\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5927\u5b66\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5927\u5b66\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u9762\u5374\u300c\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u300d\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u672a\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u6216\u5851\u9020\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u6765\u53cd\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u300c\u96c7\u4f63\u5175\u300d\uff08<\/span>mercenaries<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7bc7\u7ae0\u516d\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e09\u9879\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u539f\u8457\u6bb5\u843d \u81f3\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u9879\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5efa\u8bae\u4e00\uff1a\u5236\u5b9a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/b> \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u300c\u4eba\u5e94\u5f53\u6210\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u300d\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u4ee5\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5373\u300c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u672c\u8eab<\/span><\/b>\u300d\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5efa\u8bae\u4e8c\uff1a\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u7eb3\u5165\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b> \u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7f8e\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u5e76\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u8be5\u662f<\/span>\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4e60\u4f46\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8003\u8bd5<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u6bcf\u4f4d\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u9605\u8bfb\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u300a\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u300b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5efa\u8bae\u4e09\uff1a\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u89c6\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4f20\u6388\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4f20\u6388\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6559\u4eba\u601d\u8003\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0a\u5374\u6a21\u7cca\u548c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u548c<\/span>\u66f4\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ec5\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u300c\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u300d\uff08<\/span>elaborate barbarism<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20<\/span><\/b> \u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff08\u826f\u5584\u3001\u771f\u7406\u3001\u7f8e\uff09\u662f<\/span>\u8d85\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5185\u5728\u4e8e\u65e5\u5e38\u5b58\u5728<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u6bd4\u4f5c\u300c<\/span>\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20<\/span><\/b>\u300d\uff08<\/span>the vitamins of spiritual life<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u5c31\u4f1a\u751f\u75c5\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n\t\t\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20\u662f<\/span>\u771f\u7406<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u826f\u5584\u548c\u771f\u7406<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u7f8e\u548c\u826f\u5584<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u7f8e<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \n\t\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5c31\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u4f20\u6388\u4e86\u300c\u7c97\u98df\u300d\uff08<\/span>bulk foods<\/span>\uff09\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8425\u517b\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7bc7\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5e8f\u8a00\u300d\uff08<\/span>preambles<\/span>\uff09\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u7cbe\u795e\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u7f57\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u514b\u987f\uff08<\/span>Lord Acton<\/span>\uff09\u90a3\u6837\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u89c6\u4e3a\u5584\u6076\u3001\u667a\u6167\u4e0e\u611a\u6627\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f20\u8fbe\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728<\/span>\u826f\u5584\u7684\u613f\u666f<\/span><\/b>\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u300c<\/span>\u59cb\u4e8e\u5e0c\u814a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/b>\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
            \n<\/div>\n

            \n\t\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u300a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u300b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bb2\u7a3f\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u8ff7\u5931\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u8bca\u65ad\u3002<\/span>Livingstone <\/span>\u7235\u58eb\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e0d\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span>\u54c1\u683c\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u786e\u7acb\u6307\u5bfc\u4eba\u8d70\u5411\u300c\u5584\u300d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u6587\u660e\u9677\u5165\u9053\u5fb7\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u7a92\u606f\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u8258\u88c5\u5907\u7cbe\u826f\u3001\u5f15\u64ce\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8239\uff0c\u8f7d\u6ee1\u4e86\u5730\u56fe\uff08\u77e5\u8bc6\uff09\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u6280\u672f\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u7f3a\u4e4f<\/span>\u7f57\u76d8\uff08\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff09\u548c\u822a\u5411\uff08\u5584\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u8239\u53ea\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u300c\u98ce\u5411\u300d\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u7206\u70b8\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u5230\u8fbe\u7f8e\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u8258\u9ad8\u6548\u4f46\u6beb\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u300c\u673a\u5668\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t