{"id":1651,"date":"2025-11-01T05:15:25","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T21:15:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1651"},"modified":"2025-11-01T05:15:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T21:15:25","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%ac%a7%e6%b4%b2%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%ba%b2%e8%a6%81%e3%80%8boutlines-of-european-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1651","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\u200b\u200bOutlines of European History"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0193 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/u><\/strong>Outlines of European History<\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ece<\/span>\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/span><\/b>\u4e00\u76f4\u5230<\/span>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u7eed<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u6982\u89c8\u3002\u5b83\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece<\/span>\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u7c73\u4e9a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u53e4\u5178\u5e0c\u814a\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5230<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u6559\u7687\u7684\u51b2\u7a81<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u518d\u5230<\/span>\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5174\u8d77<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u707e\u96be\u6027\u540e\u679c<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u6f14\u53d8<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728<\/span>1958<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u5927\u4e8b\u5e74\u8868\u3001\u7ae0\u8282\u5927\u7eb2<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u5730\u56fe\u5217\u8868<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u8f85\u52a9\u6559\u5b66\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8457\u4f5c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u7f16\u5199\u5b97\u65e8<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\u7531 <\/span>A. J. Grant<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u7531 <\/span>D. P. J. Fink<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span> 1958 <\/span>\u5e74\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\uff08\u521d\u7248\u4e8e<\/span> 1907 <\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u660e\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9636\u6bb5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5851\u9020\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6bd4\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b8f\u5927\u548c\u4f18\u79c0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7edf\u4e00\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u5e73\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u8fc7\u7740\u6709\u7528\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4eba\u9053\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u719f\u7ec3\u7684\u653f\u5e9c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u53d9\u4e8b\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u5b8f\u5927\uff0c\u4ece\u5927\u7ea6\u4e09\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u8377\u9a6c\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6587\u660e<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5e0c\u814a\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u53d9\u8ff0\u5230 <\/span>1956 <\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u5e74\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u53e4\u5178\u4e16\u754c <\/span>(The Classical World)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u53e4\u5178\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5174\u8870\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\u79f0<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u6587\u660e\u53ca\u5176\u8d77\u6e90<\/span><\/strong> (p. 1)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u57ce\u5e02\u9769\u547d<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u59cb\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span> 3000 <\/span>\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684<\/span>\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u7c73\u4e9a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Mesopotamia<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u82cf\u7f8e\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Sumer<\/span>\uff09\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u795e\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u3001\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\uff08\u6d89\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\uff09\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u6954\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\uff08<\/span>cuneiform<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u53d8 \u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8ba1\u65f6\uff08\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u65f6\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5<\/span> 6 <\/span>\u4e3a\u57fa\u6570\uff09\u548c\u7b97\u672f\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u5e0c\u814a<\/span><\/strong> (p. 7)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6807\u5fd7\u7740<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5f00\u7aef<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u591a\u5c71\u591a\u6d77\u7684\u5730\u7406\u73af\u5883\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8377\u9a6c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5974\u96b6\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6cdb\u5e0c\u814a\uff08<\/span>Pan-Hellenic<\/span>\uff09\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5965\u6797\u5339\u514b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\u548c\u5fb7\u5c14\u6590\u795e\u8c15\u3002\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\uff0c\u5982\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\uff08\u519b\u4e8b\u5be1\u5934\uff09\u548c\u96c5\u5178\uff08\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u7684\u7cbe\u534e\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u68ad\u4f26\u6539\u9769\u548c\u76ae\u897f\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u50ed\u4e3b\u7edf\u6cbb\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u9876\u5cf0<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 12)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u91cd\u70b9\u662f<\/span>\u6ce2\u65af\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u5371\u673a\u5173\u4e4e<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/strong>\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u7eed\u3002\u96c5\u5178\u5728\u9a6c\u62c9\u677e\uff08<\/span>490 B.C.<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u8428\u62c9\u7c73\u65af\uff08<\/span>480 B.C.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u53d6\u80dc\uff0c\u4fdd\u536b\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u53cd\u6297\u6ce2\u65af\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4f2f\u91cc\u514b\u5229\uff08<\/span>Pericles<\/span>\uff09\u65f6\u4ee3\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u96d5\u5851\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u9876\u5cf0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5e15\u7279\u519c\u795e\u5e99\u548c\u83f2\u8fea\u4e9a\u65af\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tIV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u89e3\u4f53<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 20)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u672a\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5f3a\u5927\u7a33\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f<\/span>\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>431-404
\n B.C.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u591a\u91cc\u5b89\u4eba\uff08\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\uff09\u548c\u7231\u5965\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\uff08\u96c5\u5178\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u5be1\u5934\u5236\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u96c5\u5178\u5e1d\u56fd\u6bc1\u706d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u4e5f\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u5960\u5b9a\u6b27\u6d32\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span>\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u548c\u5e0c\u814a<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 25)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u5728\u8153\u529b\uff08<\/span>Philip<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u5927\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Alexander
\n the Great<\/span>\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u6ce2\u65af\uff08\u4f0a\u82cf\u65af\u6218\u5f79<\/span> 333 B.C.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u7b49\u4e09\u5927\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6587\u660e\u8109\u7edc\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tVI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 32)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u5f3a\u8c03\u7f57\u9a6c\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u91cd\u89c6<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u7ebd\u5e26<\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u5fe0\u8bda\u548c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u8d5e\u626c\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684<\/span>\u7f8e\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tVII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u4e0e\u5e73\u6c11<\/span><\/strong> (p. 34)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f<\/span>\u5e73\u6c11\u5411\u5723\u5c71\u64a4\u79bb<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>494
\n B.C.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u4fdd\u6c11\u5b98<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>tribunes of the people<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u5e73\u6c11\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u9996\u6b21<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7f62\u5de5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tVIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5f81\u670d\u610f\u5927\u5229<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 38)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u5bf9\u90bb\u56fd\u7684\u7f13\u6162\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u540c\u76df\u3002\u968f\u540e\u662f\u4e0e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6700\u51f6\u731b\u7684\u6c11\u65cf<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u8428\u59c6\u5c3c\u7279\u4eba\uff08<\/span>Samnites<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u957f\u671f\u51b2\u7a81\uff08<\/span>343-290 B.C.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u76ae\u6d1b\u58eb\uff08<\/span>Pyrrhus<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u51fb\u8d25\uff08<\/span>275 B.C.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u7f57\u9a6c\u6210\u4e3a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u534a\u5c9b\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tIX<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u7f57\u9a6c\u548c\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 41)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5e03\u533f\u6218\u4e89\uff08<\/span>Punic Wars<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u9738\u6743\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5e03\u533f\u6218\u4e89\uff08<\/span>264-241 B.C.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc5\u901f\u5efa\u7acb\u6d77\u519b\u53d6\u80dc\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5e03\u533f\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u4e0a\u771f\u6b63\u7684<\/span>\u82f1\u96c4\u7bc7\u7ae0<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span> 146 <\/span>\u5e74\u5f7b\u5e95\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u9a6c\u7565\u3001\u82cf\u62c9\u548c\u5c24\u5229\u4e4c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u51ef\u6492\u6269\u5c55\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong> (p. 56)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u519b\u4e8b\u5c06\u9886\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span>\u9a6c\u7565<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Marius<\/span>\uff09\u56e0\u5e73\u606f\u52aa\u7c73\u5e95\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\u800c\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u82cf\u62c9\uff08<\/span>Sulla<\/span>\uff09\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5f3a\u5143\u8001\u9662\u6743\u529b\u6765\u6539\u9769\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u7f57\u9a6c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5b8c\u6210<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 62)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u56f4\u7ed5<\/span>\u5e9e\u57f9<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u514b\u62c9\u82cf<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u5c24\u5229\u4e4c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u51ef\u6492<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Julius Caesar<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u3002<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e09\u5934\u540c\u76df<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>First
\n Triumvirate<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>60 B.C.<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u51ef\u6492\u6700\u7ec8\u51fb\u8d25\u5e9e\u57f9\u548c\u5143\u8001\u9662\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXVI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5b89\u6566\u5c3c\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 76)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span>\u5409\u672c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Gibbon<\/span>\uff09\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u72b6\u51b5\u6700\u5e78\u798f\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u65f6\u671f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u7687\u4f4d\u4e0d\u518d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7f57\u9a6c\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u63d0\u5230\u4e86<\/span>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u6bc1\u706d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u57df\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c<\/span>\u7c73\u7279\u62c9\u6559<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Mithraism<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXVII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8870\u843d<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 80)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8870\u9000\u3002<\/span>\u585e\u666e\u8482\u7c73\u4e4c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u585e\u7ef4\u9c81<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Septimius Severus<\/span>\uff09\u63d0\u9ad8\u519b\u9977\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e88\u58eb\u5175\u7279\u6743\u3002<\/span>\u5361\u62c9\u5361\u62c9<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Caracalla<\/span>\uff09\u6388\u4e88\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u7701\u5c45\u6c11\u516c\u6c11\u6743\uff08<\/span>217 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5b97\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\uff0c<\/span>\u7c73\u7279\u62c9\u6559<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c55\u5f00\u6fc0\u70c8\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/span>\u5965\u52d2\u826f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Aurelian<\/span>\uff09\u66fe\u77ed\u6682\u6062\u590d\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6062\u590d\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXVIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u86ee\u65cf\u5165\u4fb5\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u91cd\u5efa<\/span><\/strong> (p. 88)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86<\/span>\u6234\u514b\u91cc\u5148<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Diocletian<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e1c\u65b9\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u8dea\u62dc\u3001\u6234\u91d1\u51a0\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u56db\u5e1d\u5171\u6cbb\u5236\uff08<\/span>Two Augusti, two Caesars<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u5b97\u6559\u70ed\u60c5\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXIX<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u80dc\u5229<\/span><\/strong> (p. 91)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86<\/span>\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5927\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Constantine the Great<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u9996\u90fd\u4ece\u7f57\u9a6c\u8fc1\u81f3<\/span>\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>330
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u57fa\u4e8e\u9632\u5fa1\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5e87\u62a4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u8d5e\u52a9\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span> (The Middle Ages)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u6559\u7687\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\u79f0<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u80dc\u5229<\/span><\/strong> (p. 97)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u901d\u4e16\u540e\u5e1d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/span>\u5c24\u91cc\u5b89<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Julian
\n the Apostate<\/span>\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u590d\u5174\u5f02\u6559\uff08\u7c73\u7279\u62c9\u6559\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/span>\u72c4\u5965\u591a\u897f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Theodosius<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u4f4d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u963f\u91cc\u4e4c\u65af\u6d3e\uff08<\/span>Arianism<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u516c\u5143<\/span> 394 <\/span>\u5e74\u5f7b\u5e95\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u5f02\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u963f\u62c9\u91cc\u514b\u548c\u54e5\u7279\u4eba\u7684\u80dc\u5229<\/span><\/strong> (p. 101)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u897f\u54e5\u7279\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Visigoths<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e4c\u5c14\u83f2\u62c9\u65af\uff08<\/span>Ulfilas<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u7688\u4f9d\u4e86<\/span>\u963f\u91cc\u4e4c\u65af\u6d3e<\/span><\/strong>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6559\u6d3e\u5dee\u5f02\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u878d\u5408\u3002\u5308\u4eba\uff08<\/span>Huns<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5230\u6765\u8feb\u4f7f\u54e5\u7279\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002<\/span>\u4e9a\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89\u5821\u6218\u5f79<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>378
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u54e5\u7279\u9a91\u5175\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8870\u843d\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u9a91\u5175\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span>\u963f\u62c9\u91cc\u514b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Alaric<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u897f\u54e5\u7279\u4eba\u4e8e\u516c\u5143<\/span> 410 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span>\u653b\u5360\u7f57\u9a6c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u52ab\u63a0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u86ee\u65cf\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55<\/span><\/strong> (p. 106)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u6743\u529b\u4ece\u7687\u5e1d\u624b\u4e2d\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u86ee\u65cf\u624b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span>\u6c6a\u8fbe\u5c14\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Vandals<\/span>\uff09\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\uff08<\/span>429 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff1b<\/span>\u963f\u63d0\u62c9<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5308\u4eba\u88ab\u51fb\u8d25\u4e8e\u6c99\u9686\uff08<\/span>Chalons<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>450 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff1b<\/span>\u6c6a\u8fbe\u5c14\u4eba\u52ab\u63a0\u7f57\u9a6c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>455
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u516c\u5143<\/span> 476 <\/span>\u5e74\u6807\u5fd7\u7740<\/span>\u897f\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7ec8\u7ed3<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u72c4\u5965\u591a\u91cc\u514b\u5927\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Theodoric
\n the Great<\/span>\uff09\u7edf\u6cbb\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff08<\/span>489-526 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u878d\u5408\u7f57\u9a6c\u6587\u660e\u548c\u54e5\u7279\u6b66\u529b\u3002\u968f\u540e\u662f<\/span>\u4f26\u5df4\u7b2c\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Lombards<\/span>\uff09\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9677\u5165\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tIV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong> (p. 116)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5851\u9020\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u529b\u91cf\uff1a<\/span>\u6559\u7687\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u548c\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u541b\u4e3b\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span>\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>St.
\n Benedict, 480-543<\/span>\uff09\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3a\u6559\u7687\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86<\/span>\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Mohammed<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5f20\uff08\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u58eb\u4e8e<\/span> 711 <\/span>\u5e74\u5360\u9886\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u514b\u6d1b\u7ef4\u4e00\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Clovis
\n I<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>481 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u4eba\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u9ad8\u5362\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u56fd\u5bb6\u9677\u5165\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/span><\/strong> (p. 122)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u5bab\u76f8<\/span>\u67e5\u7406<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9a6c\u7279<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Charles Martel<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u4ed6\u5728<\/span>\u56fe\u5c14\u6218\u5f79<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Tours<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>732 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u62ef\u6551\u4e86\u897f\u6b27\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u634d\u536b\u8005\u3002\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u56fd\u738b<\/span>\u77ee\u5b50\u4e15\u5e73<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Pippin<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>751 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u6559\u7687\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u767b\u57fa\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u6d1b\u6797\u738b\u671d\u3002<\/span>\u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u5927\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Charlemagne<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>768 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u7586\u57df\u3002\u516c\u5143<\/span> 800 <\/span>\u5e74\u5723\u8bde\u8282\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u88ab\u6559\u7687\u52a0\u5195\u4e3a\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\u590d\u5174\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tVI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u52a0\u6d1b\u6797\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u89e3\u4f53<\/span><\/strong> (p. 131)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u901d\u4e16\uff08<\/span>814 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u8870\u843d\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u52a8\u4e71\u548c<\/span>\u8bfa\u65af\u66fc\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Northmen<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\u3002<\/span>\u300a\u51e1\u5c14\u767b\u6761\u7ea6\u300b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Verdun,
\n 843 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5c06\u5e1d\u56fd\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span>\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Feudalism<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6743\u529b\u7531\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5728<\/span> 866 <\/span>\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tVII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u7acb<\/span><\/strong> (p. 137)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u62b5\u6297\u86ee\u65cf\u5165\u4fb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u516c\u7235<\/span>\u6355\u9e1f\u8005\u4ea8\u5229<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Henry
\n the Fowler<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>918 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/span>\u5965\u6258\u5927\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Otto
\n the Great<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>936 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u738b\u6743\uff0c\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u9a6c\u624e\u5c14\u4eba\uff08<\/span>Magyars<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u516c\u5143<\/span> 962 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u6258\u88ab\u6559\u7687\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u52a0\u5195\u4e3a\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u7ed9\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u738b\u6743\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8363\u8000\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u8870\u843d\u7684\u7978\u6839\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tVIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u6559\u7687\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u524d\u5915<\/span><\/strong> (p. 141)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6559\u7687\u6743\u529b\u4ece\u5c48\u8fb1\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span>\u514b\u5415\u5c3c\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Cluniac
\n Revival<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u4e2d\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u548c\u6559\u58eb\u72ec\u8eab\u5236\u3002<\/span>\u5e0c\u5c14\u5fb7\u5e03\u5170\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Hildebrand<\/span>\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u683c\u91cc\u9ad8\u5229\u4e03\u4e16\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6559\u7687\u6743\u529b\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\uff0c\u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e9f\u9edc\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u6743\u5229<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Dictatus
\n Papae<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tIX<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u8bfa\u66fc\u5f81\u670d\u524d\u7684\u82f1\u4f26\u4e09\u5c9b<\/span><\/strong> (p. 145)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u6982\u8ff0\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u6587\u5316\u5728\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u672a\u80fd\u50cf\u5728\u9ad8\u5362\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e00\u6837\u5b58\u7eed\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u76ce\u683c\u9c81<\/span>–<\/span>\u6492\u514b\u900a\u4eba\uff08<\/span>Anglo-Saxons<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5c0f\u578b\u738b\u56fd\uff08\u5982\u8bfa\u68ee\u5e03\u91cc\u4e9a\u3001\u9ea6\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u5a01\u585e\u514b\u65af\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Augustine<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>597 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u5f0f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<\/span>\u60e0\u7279\u6bd4\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Synod
\n of Whitby<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>664 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u51b3\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/span>\u4e39\u9ea6\u4eba<\/span>\/<\/span>\u8bfa\u65af\u66fc\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c<\/span>\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u5927\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Alfred
\n the Great<\/span>\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u5a01\u585e\u514b\u65af\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u5a01\u5fb7\u83ab\u5c14\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff08<\/span>Treaty of Wedmore<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>879 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5212\u5b9a\u4e39\u9ea6\u6cd5\u533a\u3002<\/span>\u8bfa\u66fc\u5f81\u670d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1066
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tX<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u6559\u7687\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/strong> (p. 155)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6597\u4e89\u7126\u70b9\u662f<\/span>\u4e3b\u6559\u53d9\u4efb\u6743\u4e4b\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Investiture Controversy<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f<\/span>\u5361\u8bfa\u8428\u7684\u5fcf\u6094<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Penitence
\n of Canossa<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1077 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229\u56db\u4e16\u5411\u6559\u7687\u683c\u91cc\u9ad8\u5229\u4e03\u4e16\u5c48\u670d\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u51b2\u7a81\u6700\u7ec8\u5728<\/span> 1122 <\/span>\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u6c83\u5c14\u59c6\u65af\u5b97\u6559\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\uff08<\/span>Concordat of Worms<\/span>\uff09\u8fbe\u6210\u59a5\u534f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u6559\u7687\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/strong> (p. 159)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u8fdb\u5165<\/span>\u970d\u4ea8\u65af\u9676\u82ac\u5bb6\u65cf<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Hohenstaufen<\/span>\uff09\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c<\/span>\u7ea2\u80e1\u5b50\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e00\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Frederick
\n Barbarossa<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1152 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u6062\u590d\u5e1d\u56fd\u8363\u5149\uff0c\u4ed6\u5229\u7528<\/span>\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\u52a0\u5f3a\u738b\u6743\u3002<\/span>\u897f\u591a\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Cistercian<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u5723\u4f2f\u5c14\u7eb3<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>St.
\n Bernard<\/span>\uff09\u8fd0\u52a8\u6781\u5927\u5730\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u6559\u7687\u6743\u529b\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5317\u90e8<\/span>\u57ce\u5e02\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u7c73\u5170\u3001\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\uff09\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e3a\u6559\u7687\u7684\u6709\u529b\u76df\u53cb\u3002\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e00\u4e16\u5728\u83b1\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bfa\u6218\u5f79\uff08<\/span>Legnano<\/span>\uff09\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u5e76\u5728<\/span>\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af<\/span><\/strong>\u5411\u6559\u7687\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e09\u4e16\u5c48\u8fb1\uff08<\/span>1177 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u6559\u7687\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/strong> (p. 166)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6559\u7687<\/span>\u82f1\u8bfa\u68ee\u4e09\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Innocent III<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1198 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5c06\u6559\u7687\u6743\u529b\u63a8\u5411<\/span>\u7edd\u5bf9\u81f3\u9ad8\u70b9<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u5e72\u9884\u5e1d\u56fd\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u6276\u6301\u4e86\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08<\/span>Frederick II<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e8c\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u5148\u8fdb\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u6559\u7687\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u51b2\u7a81\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u970d\u4ea8\u65af\u9676\u82ac\u738b\u671d\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u5931\u8d25\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/span><\/strong> (p. 171)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8bfa\u65af\u66fc\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5730\u65b9\u8d35\u65cf\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c<\/span>\u5df4\u9ece\u4f2f\u7235\u5965\u591a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Odo<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u7269\u3002<\/span>\u5361\u4f69\u738b\u671d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Capetian
\n dynasty<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e<\/span> 987 <\/span>\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/span>\u8153\u529b\u4e8c\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Philip
\n II Augustus<\/span>\uff09\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u738b\u6743\u3002<\/span>\u5723\u8def\u6613<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Saint Louis<\/span>\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u4e5d\u4e16\uff0c<\/span>1226-1270 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u6700\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXIV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 176)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u4ece<\/span> 1095 <\/span>\u5e74\u5230<\/span> 1270 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u4e1c\u5f81\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u7687\u6743\u529b\uff08\u683c\u91cc\u9ad8\u5229\u4e03\u4e16\uff09\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u70ed\u60c5\u548c\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u5192\u9669\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\uff08<\/span>1096
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u6700\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u738b\u56fd\u548c<\/span>\u519b\u4e8b\u4fee\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u5723\u7ea6\u7ff0\u9a91\u58eb\u56e2\u3001\u5723\u6bbf\u9a91\u58eb\u56e2\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\uff08<\/span>1200-1204 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u9f13\u52a8\u4e0b<\/span>\u653b\u5360\u4e86\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u62c9\u4e01\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5341\u4e8c\u548c\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong> (p. 182)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\uff08\u5982\u67a2\u673a\u4e3b\u6559\u9009\u4e3e\u548c<\/span>\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5bf9<\/span>\u5723\u6bcd\u739b\u5229\u4e9a<\/span><\/strong>\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span>\u6258\u94b5\u50e7<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Friars<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a<\/span> Franciscan Order<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1210 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e2d\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5bf9\u6297\u5f02\u7aef\uff08\u5982\u963f\u5c14\u6bd4\u6d3e<\/span> Albigensian heresy<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXVI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u707e\u96be<\/span><\/strong> (p. 186)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u91d1\u96c0\u82b1\u738b\u671d\u7684\u8153\u529b\u56db\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Philip IV<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1285 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u6559\u7687\u535a\u5c3c\u6cd5\u65af\u516b\u4e16\u53d1\u751f\u6fc0\u70c8\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u5728\u963f\u7eb3\u5c3c\uff08<\/span>Anagni<\/span>\uff09\u53d7\u5230\u4fae\u8fb1\u3002\u968f\u540e\u6559\u7687\u79fb\u5c45<\/span>\u963f\u7ef4\u5c3c\u7fc1<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Avignon<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86 <\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u4e4b\u56da<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1305-1377 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u6559\u7687\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u548c\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u5e93\u7279\u8d56\u6218\u5f79<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Courtrai<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1302 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u9a91\u5175\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8870\u843d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXVII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>1066 <\/span>\u81f3<\/span> 1327 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/span><\/strong> (p. 192)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e00\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>William I<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1066 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff08\u5982\u300a\u672b\u65e5\u5ba1\u5224\u4e66\u300b<\/span>Domesday Book<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u5982\u574e\u7279\u4f2f\u96f7\u5927\u4e3b\u6559<\/span>\u8d1d\u514b\u7279<\/span><\/strong>\u4e4b\u6b7b\uff0c<\/span>1170
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Magna Carta<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1215 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u738b\u6743\u3002<\/span>\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e00\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Edward
\n I<\/span>\uff09\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5f81\u670d\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff08\u73ed\u8bfa\u514b\u672c\u6218\u5f79<\/span> Bannockburn<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1314 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u5728<\/span>\u897f\u8499<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5b5f\u798f\u5c14<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6a21\u8303\u8bae\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Model
\n Parliament<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1295 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXVIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u4e0e\u767e\u5e74\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong> (p. 202)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u8fd1\u4e4e\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff08<\/span>1337-1453 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6218\u5f79\u5305\u62ec\u514b\u96f7\u897f\uff08<\/span>Cr\u00e9cy<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u666e\u74e6\u6377\uff08<\/span>Poitiers<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5723\u5973\u8d1e\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Joan of
\n Arc<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u6cd5\u56fd\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u5f97\u5230\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5e38\u5907\u519b\u548c\u5e38\u8bbe\u7a0e\u6536\u3002<\/span>\u8def\u6613\u5341\u4e00<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Louis
\n XI<\/span>\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXIX<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5341\u56db\u548c\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/strong> (p. 211)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6301\u7eed\u8bb0\u5f55\u6559\u7687\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u963f\u7ef4\u5c3c\u7fc1\u4e4b\u56da\uff08<\/span>1305-1377 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4f7f\u6559\u7687\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span>\u5927\u5206\u88c2<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Great
\n Schism<\/span>\uff09\u65f6\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u4f4d\u5bf9\u7acb\u6559\u7687\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7531<\/span>\u5eb7\u65af\u5766\u8328\u4f1a\u8bae<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Council of Constance<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1414 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span>\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821<\/span><\/strong>\u5728<\/span> 1453 <\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u653b\u9677\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXX<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>1327 <\/span>\u81f3<\/span> 1485 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/span><\/strong> (p. 217)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u6218\u8d25\u5230\u5185\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/span>\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Black
\n Death<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1348 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4f7f\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u53e3\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de5\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u519c\u5974\u5236\u7684\u5e9f\u9664\u3002<\/span>\u5a01\u514b\u5229\u592b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Wycliffe<\/span>\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u6311\u6218\u6559\u7687\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span>\u73ab\u7470\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Wars of
\n the Roses<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1453-1485 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u5c01\u5efa\u8d35\u65cf\u52bf\u529b\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c<\/span>\u4ea8\u5229<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u90fd\u94ce<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Henry VII<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u535a\u65af\u6c83\u601d\u6218\u5f79\uff08<\/span>Bosworth<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1485 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u90fd\u94ce\u738b\u671d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXXI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5341\u56db\u548c\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u72b6\u51b5<\/span><\/strong> (p. 225)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u5fb7\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u970d\u4ea8\u65af\u9676\u82ac\u5bb6\u65cf\u706d\u4ea1\u540e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u300a\u9ec4\u91d1\u8bcf\u4e66\u300b\uff08<\/span>Golden Bull<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1356 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u548c\u8bf8\u4faf\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span>\u897f\u73ed\u7259<\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u9a71\u9010\u6469\u5c14\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u5b9e\u73b0\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/span>\u610f\u5927\u5229<\/span><\/strong>\u4ecd\u7136\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u88ab\u57ce\u90a6\uff08\u5982\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u3001\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\uff09\u6216\u50ed\u4e3b\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXXII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/strong> (p. 231)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Renaissance<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u548c\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b0\u6307\u5f15\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f46\u4e01\uff08<\/span>Dante<\/span>\uff09\u65e9\u4e8e\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5316\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span>\u5370\u5237\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u660e<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1455 <\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u5370\u5237\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff09\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u53e4\u5178\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c<\/span> (The Modern World)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u4ece\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5230\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u548c\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\u79f0<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u4e0e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong> (p. 237)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e89\u593a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span>\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u65af\u4e00\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Francis
\n I<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u9a6c\u91cc\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bfa\u6218\u5f79\uff08<\/span>Marignano<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1515
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4e0e\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d<\/span>\u67e5\u7406\u4e94\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Charles V<\/span>\uff09\u5c55\u5f00\u6fc0\u70c8\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u5e15\u7ef4\u4e9a\u6218\u5f79\uff08<\/span>Pavia<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1525 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u60e8\u8d25\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u88ab\u4fd8\u3002<\/span>\u7f57\u9a6c\u88ab\u52ab\u63a0<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1527
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 245)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u9a6c\u4e01<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8def\u5fb7<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Luther<\/span>\uff09\u56e0\u53cd\u5bf9\u51fa\u552e<\/span>\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Indulgences<\/span>\uff09\u800c\u53d1\u8d77\u6539\u9769\uff08<\/span>1517 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u6559\u4f1a\u5f00\u9664\u6559\u7c4d\uff08<\/span>1520 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f97\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6559\u7687\u5265\u524a\u7684\u6124\u6012\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u5728<\/span>\u65bd\u9a6c\u5c14\u5361\u5c14\u767b\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Schmalkaldic
\n Wars<\/span>\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e94\u4e16\u672a\u80fd\u9547\u538b\u65b0\u6559\u3002<\/span>\u300a\u5965\u683c\u65af\u5821\u548c\u7ea6\u300b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Peace of Augsburg<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1555 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u8bf8\u4faf\u9009\u62e9\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff08<\/span>\u6559\u968f\u56fd\u5b9a<\/span><\/strong>\u539f\u5219\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/strong> (p. 250)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Lutheranism<\/span>\uff09\u8f83\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span>\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5b97<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Calvinism<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u529b\u91cf\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u3001\u4e25\u683c\u9053\u5fb7\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u53cd\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Counter-Reformation<\/span>\uff09\u5174\u8d77\u3002<\/span>\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Jesuit
\n Order<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1540 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u7531\u4f0a\u683c\u5185\u4fee\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6d1b\u7ea6\u62c9\uff08<\/span>Ignatius Loyola<\/span>\uff09\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u548c\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span>\u7279\u4f26\u7279\u4f1a\u8bae<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Council
\n of Trent<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1545-1563 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tIV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5170\u8d77\u4e49<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 256)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<\/span>\u8054\u7701\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>United Netherlands<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u8377\u5170\uff09\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u8d77\u4e49\u6e90\u4e8e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56fd\u738b<\/span>\u8153\u529b\u4e8c\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Philip
\n II<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5b97\uff09\u548c\u66b4\u653f\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5c06\u519b<\/span>\u963f\u5c14\u74e6\u516c\u7235<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Duke of Alva<\/span>\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8840\u8165\u8bae\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span>\u6c89\u9ed8\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5a01\u5ec9\uff08<\/span>William
\n the Silent<\/span>\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u4e4c\u7279\u52d2\u652f\u540c\u76df<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Union of Utrecht<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1579 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u5728<\/span> 1609 <\/span>\u5e74\u8fbe\u6210\u505c\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b97\u6559\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 262)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u80e1\u683c\u8bfa\u6d3e<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Huguenots<\/span>\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5b97\uff09\u5728\u8d35\u65cf\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6218\uff08\u59cb\u4e8e<\/span> 1562 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5723\u5df4\u6258\u7f57\u7f2a\u5927\u5c60\u6740<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1572
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u66b4\u884c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5931\u8bef\u3002<\/span>\u4ea8\u5229\u56db\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Henry IV<\/span>\uff09\u6700\u7ec8\u7688\u4f9d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u5e76\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u5357\u7279\u6555\u4ee4\u300b\uff08<\/span>Edict of
\n Nantes<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1598 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u80e1\u683c\u8bfa\u6d3e\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u4ea8\u5229\u56db\u4e16\u56e0\u5176\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u7231\u62a4\u548c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u800c\u6df1\u53d7\u7231\u6234\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tVI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u90fd\u94ce\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a<\/span>1485-1603 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/span><\/strong> (p. 270)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u4ea8\u5229\u4e03\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Henry VII<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u661f\u5ba4\u6cd5\u5ead\uff08<\/span>Star Chamber<\/span>\uff09\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u51fb\u8d25\u8d35\u65cf\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002<\/span>\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Henry VIII<\/span>\uff09\u51fa\u4e8e\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u539f\u56e0\u63a8\u52a8\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u81f3\u5c0a\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u548c\u89e3\u6563\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u56fd\u738b\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span>\u739b\u4e3d\u4e00\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Mary I<\/span>\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u590d\u8f9f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/span>\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Elizabeth
\n I<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u6559\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86<\/span>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u65e0\u654c\u8230\u961f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Armada<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1588 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u57f9\u6839\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tVII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong> (p. 284)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6b27\u6d32\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6700\u6b8b\u9177\u3001\u6700\u5177\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u8d77\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u5965\u683c\u65af\u5821\u548c\u7ea6\u300b\u5bf9<\/span>\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5b97<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u571f\u5730\u5f52\u5c5e\u95ee\u9898 \u4ee5\u53ca\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u590d\u5174\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u6ce2\u5e0c\u7c73\u4e9a\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u4e39\u9ea6\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span>\u745e\u5178\u56fd\u738b\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u9053\u592b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Gustavus Adolphus<\/span>\uff09\u53c2\u6218\uff0c\u626d\u8f6c\u4e86\u65b0\u6559\u9893\u52bf\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728<\/span>\u9ece\u585e\u7559<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Richelieu<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u738b\u671d\u3002<\/span>\u300a\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u7ea6\u300b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Peace
\n of Westphalia<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1648 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5e76\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u683c\u52b3\u79c0\u65af\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tVIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u6210\u957f<\/span><\/strong> (p. 291)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u9ece\u585e\u7559<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Cardinal Richelieu<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1624-1642 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5de9\u56fa\u738b\u6743\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u9738\u4e3b\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u80e1\u683c\u8bfa\u6d3e\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005<\/span>\u9a6c\u624e\u7136<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Cardinal
\n Mazarin<\/span>\uff09\u5728<\/span>\u6295\u77f3\u515a\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Fronde<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1648-1653 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u632b\u8d25\u4e86\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u6700\u540e\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u9a6c\u624e\u7136\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u4ea4\u624b\u6bb5\u6210\u529f\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u6bd4\u5229\u725b\u65af\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff08<\/span>1659 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tIX<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u9738\u6743<\/span><\/strong> (p. 298)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Louis XIV<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1661 A.D. <\/span>\u5f00\u59cb\u4eb2\u653f\uff09\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u548c\u98ce\u4fd7\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u4ed6\u91cd\u7528<\/span>\u79d1\u5c14\u8d1d\u5c14<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Colbert<\/span>\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u653f\u7b56\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u6218\u4e89\u548c<\/span>\u5360\u9886\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1681
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8003\u8651<\/span>\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u300a\u5357\u7279\u6555\u4ee4\u300b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1685 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u80e1\u683c\u8bfa\u6559\u5f92\u5916\u9003\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u3002<\/span>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u738b\u4f4d\u7ee7\u627f\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1701
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u9738\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tX<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>1603-1714 <\/span>\u5e74\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\u4e0b\u7684\u82f1\u56fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong> (p. 307)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>James I<\/span>\uff09\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u548c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u738b\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5176<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Divine Right<\/span>\uff09\u7406\u5ff5\u800c\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\uff0c\u7531<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Cromwell<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u519b\u4e8b\u72ec\u88c1\u3002<\/span>\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>James
\n II<\/span>\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u6062\u590d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span>\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Revolution<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1688 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6743\u3002<\/span>1707 <\/span>\u5e74\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u548c\u82cf\u683c\u5170<\/span>\u8bae\u4f1a\u5408\u5e76<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u7f8e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\uff08\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/span> 1607<\/span>\u3001\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e<\/span> 1620<\/span>\u3001\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/span> 1681<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u4fc4\u56fd\u548c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/span><\/strong> (p. 320)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u5f7c\u5f97\u5927\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Peter the Great<\/span>\uff09\u63a8\u52a8\u4fc4\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u8d35\u65cf\u6743\u529b\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u51fa\u6d77\u53e3\uff08\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u5927\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Frederick
\n the Great<\/span>\uff09\u662f <\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u541b\u4e3b<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u6539\u9769\u4f7f<\/span>\u666e\u9c81\u58eb<\/span><\/strong>\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002<\/span>\u5916\u4ea4\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Diplomatic
\n Revolution<\/span>\uff09\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u56fd\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u76df\u683c\u5c40\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6765\u4e34<\/span><\/strong> (p. 328)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8def\u6613\u5341\u4e94<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Louis XV<\/span>\uff09\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u56e0\u4e03\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7b49\u5931\u8d25\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u58f0\u671b\u3002<\/span>\u6cd5\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u4f0f\u5c14\u6cf0\u3001\u5362\u68ad\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4f0f\u5c14\u6cf0\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u5362\u68ad\u5ba3\u626c<\/span>\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6743<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u3002\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>\u8d35\u65cf\u548c\u6559\u58eb\u9636\u5c42\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6743<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7a0e\u8d1f\uff08\u5982\u76d0\u7a0e <\/span>gabelle<\/span><\/em>\u3001\u52b3\u5f79 <\/span>corv\u00e9e<\/span><\/em>\u3001\u571f\u5730\u7a0e <\/span>taille<\/span><\/em>\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u843d\u5728\u519c\u6c11\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6781\u5176\u4e0d\u516c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 335)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\uff08<\/span>Louis XVI<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u4e0b\u88ab\u8feb\u53ec\u5f00<\/span>\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>States-General<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1789 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span>\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\uff08<\/span>1793 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Reign of Terror<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u9547\u538b\u5185\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXIV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 343)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u9769\u547d\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<\/span>\u519b\u4e8b\u7edf\u6cbb<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Napoleon Bonaparte<\/span>\uff09\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6267\u653f\uff08<\/span>First Consul<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1799 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5982\u4e0e\u6559\u7687\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u6559\u52a1\u4e13\u7ea6\u300b\uff08<\/span>Concordat<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1802 A.D.<\/span>\uff09 \u548c\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6cd5\u5178\u300b<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Code Napol\u00e9on<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e8e<\/span> 1804 <\/span>\u5e74\u79f0\u5e1d\uff0c\u5728\u5965\u65af\u7279\u91cc\u8328\u6218\u5f79\uff08<\/span>Austerlitz<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1805 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u540e\u8fbe\u5230\u6743\u529b\u9876\u5cf0\u3002\u5927\u9646\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08<\/span>Continental System<\/span>\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u624b\u6bb5\u51fb\u57ae\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u534a\u5c9b\u6218\u4e89\uff08<\/span>Peninsular War<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4fc4\u56fd\u6218\u5f79\uff08<\/span>1812
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u8870\u843d\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u5728<\/span>\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Waterloo<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1815 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u9000\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>1714-1815 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u56fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong> (p. 353)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa<\/span>\u5185\u9601\u5236\u548c\u9996\u76f8<\/span><\/strong>\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\u4e03\u5e74\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Seven
\n Years\u2019 War<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728<\/span>\u76ae\u7279<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Pitt<\/span>\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u67e5\u5854\u59c6\u4f2f\u7235\uff09\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1775-1783
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u56fd\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u901a\u8fc7<\/span> 1800 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u8054\u5408\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08<\/span>Act of Union<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u5408\u5e76\u3002<\/span>\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Industrial
\n Revolution<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u5708\u5730\u8fd0\u52a8\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXVI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u53cd\u52a8\u4e0e\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 364)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u4f1a\u8bae<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Congress of Vienna<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1814-1815 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u91cd\u5efa\u6b27\u6d32\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u6885\u7279\u6d85<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Metternich<\/span>\uff09\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684<\/span>\u795e\u5723\u540c\u76df<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Holy
\n Alliance<\/span>\uff09\u538b\u5236\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span>1848 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u5e74<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5e2d\u5377\u6b27\u6d32\uff08\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5e74\u5e95\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9769\u547d\u90fd\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXVII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00<\/span><\/strong> (p. 373)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u94c1\u8840\u653f\u7b56<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7531\u6492\u4e01\u738b\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\uff08\u52a0\u5bcc\u5c14<\/span> Cavour<\/span>\uff0c\u52a0\u91cc\u6ce2\u7b2c<\/span> Garibaldi<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728<\/span> 1871 <\/span>\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u7531\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u9886\u5bfc\uff08\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6<\/span> Bismarck<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff08\u8428\u591a\u74e6<\/span> Sadowa 1866 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\uff08\u666e\u6cd5\u6218\u4e89<\/span> 1870 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5e1d\u56fd\uff08<\/span>1871
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXVIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>1815-1878 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u56fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong> (p. 381)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u56fd\u5185\u6539\u9769\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span>1832 <\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u6539\u9769\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/strong>\u5c06\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002<\/span>\u300a\u8c37\u7269\u6cd5\u300b\u5e9f\u9664<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1846
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3002<\/span>1867 <\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u6539\u9769\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/strong>\u5c06\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u6269\u5927\u5230\u57ce\u9547\u5de5\u4eba\u3002<\/span>\u5370\u5ea6\u5175\u53d8<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1857
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u82f1\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7edf\u6cbb\u5370\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\u683c\u83b1\u65af\u987f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Gladstone<\/span>\uff09\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u3001\u89e3\u9664\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u56fd\u6559\u5730\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u5174\u8d77\uff08\u5982\u300a\u5de5\u5382\u6cd5\u300b<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1870 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u300a\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXIX<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u548c\u5e73<\/span><\/strong> (p. 390)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t1871-1914<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u8868\u9762\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u88ab\u4e24\u5927\u519b\u4e8b\u540c\u76df\uff08\u4e09\u56fd\u540c\u76df\u3001\u4e09\u56fd\u534f\u7ea6\uff09\u5212\u5206\u3002<\/span>\u6c99\u7687<\/span><\/strong>\u63d0\u8bae\u53ec\u5f00\u6d77\u7259\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08<\/span>1898
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u9650\u5236\u519b\u5907\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5404\u56fd\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u800c\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u53d1\u751f<\/span>\u5fb7\u96f7\u798f\u65af\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Dreyfus
\n Affair<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5b9e\u73b0\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u4fc4\u56fd\u548c\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u5df4\u5c14\u5e72\u5730\u533a\u7ade\u4e89\u52a0\u5267\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5728<\/span>\u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Boer
\n War<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1899 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u540e\u5bf9\u5357\u975e\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5c0f\u56fd\u5730\u4f4d\u65e5\u76ca\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXX<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 405)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6218\u4e89\u7531\u5df4\u5c14\u5e72\u5730\u533a\u7684<\/span>\u8428\u62c9\u70ed\u7a9d\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Serajevo<\/span>\uff09\u5f15\u7206\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u8d77\u56e0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b \u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u897f\u7ebf\u9677\u5165<\/span>\u50f5\u5c40<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5811\u58d5\u6218\u3001\u6bd2\u6c14\u3001\u5766\u514b\u3001\u51e1\u5c14\u767b\u6218\u5f79\uff09\u3002\u4e1c\u7ebf\u4fc4\u56fd\u56e0\u5185\u4e71\u9000\u51fa\u6218\u4e89\uff08<\/span>1917 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u6f5c\u8247\u6218<\/span><\/strong>\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u6218\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff08<\/span>Treaty of Versailles<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXXI<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u95f4<\/span><\/strong> (p. 421)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6218\u540e\u6b27\u6d32\u5145\u6ee1\u5931\u671b\uff0c<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>League of Nations<\/span>\uff09\u56e0\u7f8e\u56fd\u7f3a\u5e2d\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u91ce\u5fc3\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f3a\u5236\u529b\u800c\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/span>\u610f\u5927\u5229<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\uff08<\/span>Mussolini<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e<\/span> 1922 <\/span>\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Fascism<\/span>\uff09\u72ec\u88c1\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/span>\u571f\u8033\u5176<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u7a46\u65af\u5854\u6cd5<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u51ef\u672b\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Mustafa Kemal<\/span>\uff09\u590d\u5174\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u897f\u65b9\u5316\u6539\u9769\u3002<\/span>\u4fc4\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Karl
\n Marx<\/span>\uff09\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e25\u9177\u4e13\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span>\u8f74\u5fc3\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Axis<\/span>\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u4fb5\u7565\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\u6ee1\u6d32\uff08<\/span>1932 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fb5\u7565\u963f\u6bd4\u897f\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff08<\/span>1935 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u5bf9\u6b64\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXXII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u6765\u4e34<\/span><\/strong> (p. 446)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8<\/span>\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Chamberlain<\/span>\uff09\u63a8\u884c<\/span>\u7ee5\u9756\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Appeasement<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u6495\u6bc1\u300a\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u541e\u5e76\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff08<\/span>1938 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Munich Crisis<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1938 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u88ab\u727a\u7272\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u77ed\u6682\u548c\u5e73\u3002<\/span>\u82cf\u5fb7\u4e92\u4e0d\u4fb5\u72af\u6761\u7ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1939
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u4f7f\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4e8e<\/span> 1939 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 9 <\/span>\u6708<\/span> 3 <\/span>\u65e5\u5bf9\u5fb7\u5ba3\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXXIII<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 452)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u5fb7\u519b\u4ee5<\/span>\u95ea\u7535\u6218<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Blitzkrieg<\/span>\uff09\u8fc5\u901f\u5360\u9886\u897f\u6b27\u3002<\/span>\u6566\u523b\u5c14\u514b\u5947\u8ff9<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Dunkirk<\/span>\uff09
\n \u548c<\/span>\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e4b\u6218<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Battle of Britain<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u5173\u952e\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08<\/span>1941
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u540e\u53c2\u6218\u3002\u76df\u519b\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u767b\u9646\uff08<\/span>D-Day<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1944
\n A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u89e3\u653e\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u63b7<\/span>\u539f\u5b50\u5f39<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Atom Bomb<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u4e8e<\/span> 1945 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 8 <\/span>\u6708\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tXXIV<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u65b0\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/strong> (p.
\n 464)<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u6218\u540e\u4e3b\u9898\u662f<\/span>\u51b7\u6218<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Cold War<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u897f\u65b9\u76df\u56fd\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u4e89\u593a\u4e16\u754c\u9738\u6743\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u7403\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/span>\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Marshall
\n Plan<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1947 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u633d\u6551\u4e86\u897f\u6b27\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002<\/span>\u67cf\u6797\u7a7a\u8fd0<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Berlin
\n Airlift<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1948 A.D.<\/span>\uff09\u5bf9\u6297\u82cf\u8054\u5c01\u9501\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u6c11\u65cf\u8981\u6c42\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u519b\u4e8b\u8054\u76df\u5982<\/span>\u5317\u7ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>NATO<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Welfare
\n State<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\t\u7ed3\u8bed<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53cd\u601d\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u50cf\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e00\u6837\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5f0f\u6b63\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8b66\u793a\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u603b\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b58\u4ea1\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u6216\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u5728\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u6467\u6bc1\u6587\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u52aa\u529b\uff08\u5982\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u3001\u795e\u5723\u540c\u76df\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u548c\u5e73\uff09\u53d8\u5f97\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u6587\u660e\u5b58\u7eed\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t