{"id":1619,"date":"2025-10-31T16:44:04","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T08:44:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1619"},"modified":"2025-10-31T16:44:04","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T08:44:04","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e5%86%85%e5%8d%a1%e6%b2%b3%e5%88%b0%e6%89%ac%e5%ad%90%e6%b1%9f%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e4%bd%8d%e5%be%b7%e5%9b%bd%e5%8c%bb%e7%94%9f%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%b2%81%e6%9c%88-%e4%bf%9d%e7%bd%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1619","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u5185\u5361\u6cb3\u5230\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c81\u6708 \u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\uff1b\u514b\u4e3d\u65af\u8482\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u601d\u5bc6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4ece\u5185\u5361\u6cb3\u5230\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c81\u6708<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\u00b7<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\uff1b\u514b\u4e3d\u65af\u8482\u5a1c<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\u00b7<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\u963f\u601d\u5bc6<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u4ece\u5185\u5361\u6cb3\u5230\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c81\u6708\u300b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u4fdd\u7f57<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u601d\u5bc6<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Paul Assmy<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1869\u20141935<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u7531\u514b\u4e3d\u65af\u8482\u5a1c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u6574\u7406\u5e76\u7531\u6d77\u5a06\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/span>\u5e8f\u8a00\u548c\u524d\u8a00<\/span><\/b>\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ed6\u8005\u89c6\u89d2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u6d3e\u5f80\u91cd\u5e86\u5f00\u8bbe<\/span><\/b>\u5927\u5fb7\u666e\u897f\u533b\u9662<\/span>\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u4f53\u5219\u8be6\u7ec6\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e1c\u4e9a\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u533b\u751f\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4e8e<\/span>1903<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1904<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4<\/span><\/b>\u7a7f\u8d8a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u8fbe\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u63a2\u9669\u4e4b\u65c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>1906<\/span>\u5e74\u9006\u884c\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\u5230\u91cd\u5e86\u5c65\u804c\u7684<\/span>\u822a\u884c\u65e5\u8bb0<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4f20\u64ad\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u59bb\u5b50\u7ed3\u5a5a\u751f\u5b50\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4f59\u751f\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4e2d\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u4fdd\u7f57<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\uff08<\/span>Paul
\nAssmy<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1869\u20141935<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u5ea6\u8fc7\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u5c81\u6708\u3002\u84dd\u52c7\u6559\u6388\u5728\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ed6\u8005\u89c6\u89d2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u662f\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u56fd\u4eba\u6e38\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5c11\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u3001\u4e0b\u5c42\u6c11\u751f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6f5c\u89c4\u5219<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8457\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\u53ca\u5e8f\u8a00<\/span>\/<\/span>\u524d\u8a00<\/span>\/<\/span>\u8bd1\u540e\u8bb0<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u672c\u4e66\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u6574\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u5728\u534e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u6700\u521d\u7531\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u7684\u5b59\u5b50\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u5188<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\uff08<\/span>Wolfgang Assmy<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e<\/span>2004<\/span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u7956\u7236\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u7167\u7247\u516c\u5e03\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e78\u4e8e<\/span>2009<\/span>\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u514b\u4e3d\u65af\u8482\u5a1c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\uff08<\/span>Christina Assmy<\/span>\uff09\u63a5\u529b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u6587\u672c\u662f<\/span>\u53e4\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u624b\u5199\u4f53\u8349\u4e66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5e93\u4f26\u7279\u4f53\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9762\u4e34\u5de8\u5927\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8bd1\u8005\u6d77\u5a06\u5973\u58eb\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f71\u50cf\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6f2b\u957f\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e4b\u65c5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u7684\u751f\u5e73\uff0c\u8fd8\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5404\u5730\u5730\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u9e26\u7247\u6cdb\u6ee5\u3001\u8239\u592b\u7ea4\u592b\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7167\u7247<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5ddd\u6e1d\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7ea2\u8239\u3001\u7ea4\u592b\u7b49\u56fe\u50cf\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4ed6\u5148\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u65b9\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u540e\u53d7\u5fb7\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u59d4\u6d3e\uff0c\u5230\u56db\u5ddd\u91cd\u5e86\u5df4\u53bf\u5f00\u529e\u4e86<\/span>\u91cd\u5e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5fb7\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u9662<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5927\u5fb7\u666e\u897f\u533b\u9662<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u5a36\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u5b50\u5218\u987a\u6e05\u4e3a\u59bb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u624e\u6839\uff0c\u884c\u533b\u6551\u4eba\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u4e3a\u5728\u8ba8\u4f10\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u79f0\u5e1d\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u53d7\u4f24\u7684<\/span>\u5218\u4f2f\u627f\u5c06\u519b\u505a\u4e86\u773c\u79d1\u624b\u672f<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u521b\u529e\u7684\u533b\u9662\u4e3a\u4f4f\u9662\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u65e5\u4e09\u9910\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u8fd8\u53ef\u514d\u4ea4\u4f19\u98df\u8d39\uff0c\u8d39\u7528\u7531\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6350\u6b3e\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u529f\u5fb7\u65e0\u91cf\u7684\u597d\u4e8b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u751f\u5e73\uff08<\/span>1869\u20141935<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u7684\u65e9\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6027\u683c\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u6765\u534e\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4fdd\u7f57<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u4e8e<\/span>1869<\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u66fe\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u7070\u8272\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u6587\u7406\u4e2d\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u5148\u540e\u5728\u57fa\u5c14\u3001\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u3001\u67cf\u6797\u548c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e<\/span>1898<\/span>\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5<\/span>\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u5f3a\u58ee\u7684\u4f53\u9b44\u548c\u52c7\u4e8e\u6311\u6218\u7684\u6027\u683c<\/span><\/b>\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u671f\u95f4\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u51b3\u6597\u58eb\u548c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u4f53\u64cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1900<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e1c\u4e9a\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u533b\u751f\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u7b2c<\/span>6<\/span>\u6218\u5730\u533b\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span>1905<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u63a8\u8350\u62c5\u4efb\u56db\u5ddd\u9886\u4e8b\u533b\u751f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5df2\u8ba2\u5a5a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u5a5a\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u672a\u5a5a\u8eab\u4efd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u56db\u5ddd\u91cd\u5e86\u5efa\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4ed6\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u843d\u5730\u751f\u6839\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u5b50\u5218\u987a\u6e05\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u5218\u987a\u6e05\u4f1a\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7f20\u8db3\uff0c\u7cbe\u901a\u8349\u836f\u548c\u9999\u6599\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u529b\u5145\u6c9b\u4e14\u70ed\u60c5\u597d\u5ba2\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u80b2\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9762\u4e34\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u56f0\u5883\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u505c\u6b62\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u4ecd\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u533b\u8005\u4ec1\u5fc3\u5728\u5f02\u56fd\u4ed6\u4e61\u575a\u5b88\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e<\/span>1935<\/span>\u5e74\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u5e76\u5b89\u846c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6587\u5cf0\u5854\u4e0b\u3001\u9762\u671d\u91cd\u5e86\u57ce\u7684\u677e\u6811\u65c1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u65b9\uff08<\/span>1900\u20141903<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u963f\u601d\u7c73\u4f5c\u4e3a\u519b\u533b\u5728\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e73\u606f\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u65b9\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u5eca\u574a\u3001\u5929\u6d25\uff09\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u4e8e<\/span>1900<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>10<\/span>\u6708\u968f\u90e8\u961f\u62b5\u8fbe\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u5df2\u5e73\u606f\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u7b2c<\/span>6<\/span>\u6218\u5730\u533b\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u5eca\u574a\u548c\u6768\u6751\u7684\u533b\u9662\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8d44\u6599\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5<\/span>\u6444\u5f71\u8bb0\u5f55<\/span><\/b>\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u57ce\u95e8\u3001\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u3001\u9890\u548c\u56ed\u3001\u8857\u666f\u3001\u519b\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5929\u6d25\u548c\u5eca\u574a\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u8f66\u706f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u591c\u95f4\u624b\u672f\u7167\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u7a7f\u8d8a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65c5\u884c\uff08<\/span>1903\u20141904<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e86\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u670d\u5f79\u671f\u6ee1\u540e\uff0c\u4e0e\u540c\u4f34\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u65b9\u5357\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u4e2d\u90e8\u3001\u56db\u5ddd\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5ddd\u6ec7\u85cf\u533a\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u62b5\u8fbe\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u65c5\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u6b21\u65c5\u884c\u539f\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>104<\/span>\u5929\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u591a\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u884c\u7a0b\u8fbe<\/span>4500<\/span>\u516c\u91cc\u3002\u65c5\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u968f\u8eab\u643a\u5e26\u4e86\u8fd1<\/span>90<\/span>\u78c5\u91cd\u7684\u94f6\u952d\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u94dc\u94b1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u91d1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u4f1a<\/span>\u6210\u90fd\u5e9c<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6781\u597d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u3001\u5c1a\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4fb5\u6270\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5bcc\u88d5\u3001\u52e4\u52b3\u3001\u7a7f\u6234\u6574\u6d01\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u548c\u4e5e\u4e10\u7ea0\u7f20\u9a9a\u6270\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u65c5\u7a0b\u6700\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u85cf\u533a\u7684\u8def\u6bb5\u3002\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span>\u80cc\u8336\u5de5<\/span><\/b>\u5728\u96c5\u5dde\uff08\u96c5\u5b89\uff09\u5c06\u8336\u53f6\u6324\u538b\u6210\u8336\u7816\uff0c\u80cc\u8d1f<\/span>190\u2014220<\/span>\u78c5\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u91cd\u7684\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u884c\u8d70\u5728\u9661\u5ced\u3001\u6e7f\u6ed1\u7684\u77f3\u9636\u8def\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u6d77\u62d4<\/span>3000<\/span>\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5c71\u57ad\uff0c\u5982\u98de\u8d8a\u5cad\u3002\u5728\u6cf8\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86<\/span>\u58f0\u540d\u8fdc\u626c\u7684\u94c1\u7d22\u6865<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6865\u9762\u6643\u52a8\uff0c\u9ad8\u60ac\u4e8e\u5954\u817e\u7684\u5927\u6e21\u6cb3\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u60ca\u5fc3\u52a8\u9b44<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6253\u7bad\u7089\uff08\u5eb7\u5b9a\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u85cf\u6c11\u7684\u670d\u9970\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u9662\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u5229\u7528<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e4c\u62c9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5fad\u5f79\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\u5f81\u7528\u4eba\u755c\u548c\u7269\u8d44\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u85cf\u65cf\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4e60\u4fd7\uff08\u5982\u8f6c\u7ecf\u7b52\u548c\u561b\u5462\u77f3\u5806\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u85cf\u65cf\u5987\u5973\u7684\u590d\u6742\u53d1\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u9006\u884c\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\uff08<\/span>1906<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u8fd4\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e58\u5750\u8239\u5c4b\uff08\u5e06\u8239\uff09\u4ece\u5b9c\u660c\u9006\u6d41\u800c\u4e0a\u524d\u5f80\u91cd\u5e86\u7684\u8270\u9669\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e09\u5ce1\u5730\u533a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u548c\u6c11\u4fd7\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1906<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u4e58\u5750\u5317\u5fb7\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u90ae\u8f6e\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u540e\u4ece\u4e0a\u6d77\u524d\u5f80\u5b9c\u660c\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u5b9c\u660c\u96c7\u4f63\u4e86\u4e00\u8258\u8239\u5c4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8239\u8001\u5927\u3001\u5927\u526f\u3001\u4e8c\u526f\u548c<\/span>26<\/span>\u540d\u7ea4\u592b<\/span><\/b>\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8239\u5458\u961f\u4f0d\u3002\u8fd9\u8258\u8239\u5c4b\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u7ea6<\/span>550<\/span>\u5fb7\u56fd\u9a6c\u514b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\uff08\u957f\u6c5f\uff09\u4e0a\u6e38\u822a\u9053\u7684\u8270\u9669\u3002\u8239\u5de5\u4eec\u5728\u8239\u9006\u6c34\u884c\u9a76\u3001\u98ce\u529b\u4e0d\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9760<\/span>\u5212\u6868\u548c\u62c9\u7ea4<\/span><\/b>\u524d\u884c\u3002\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7ea4\u592b<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6700\u7d2f\u6700\u82e6\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u8863\u886b\u8934\u891b\uff0c\u5728\u4e71\u77f3\u5806\u548c\u9ad8\u8038\u7684\u7edd\u58c1\u4e0a\u62c9\u7ea4\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5760\u5165\u6c5f\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u884c\u8239\u65f6\u7684\u6307\u6325\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8239\u4e0a\u7684\u51fb\u9f13\u58f0\u548c\u8239\u5de5\u9ad8\u4ea2\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53f7\u5b50\u58f0<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u62c9\u7ea4\u7684\u529b\u5ea6\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7ea2\u8239\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6551\u751f\u8239\uff0c\u5728\u5371\u9669\u6cb3\u6bb5\u63d0\u4f9b\u62a4\u822a\u548c\u6551\u63f4\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e09\u5ce1\u5730\u533a\uff08\u5982\u897f\u9675\u5ce1\u3001\u725b\u809d\u9a6c\u80ba\u5ce1\u3001\u5deb\u5c71\u5927\u5ce1\uff09\u7684\u5730\u7406\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u9661\u5ced\u7684\u77f3\u7070\u5ca9\u60ac\u5d16\u3001\u6c34\u6d41\u51b2\u5237\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u77f3\u69fd\u548c\u9669\u6ee9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eb2\u5386\u4e86\u7ea4\u7ef3\u65ad\u88c2\u3001\u8239\u53ea\u6401\u6d45\u7684\u9669\u60c5\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8239\u5de5\u4eec<\/span>\u7b80\u6613\u4f46\u536b\u751f\u7684\u716e\u996d\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\u8868\u793a\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u6cbf\u9014\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684<\/span>\u7f42\u7c9f\u5730<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u9e26\u7247\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u884c\u533b\u91cd\u5e86\uff08<\/span>1906\u20141935<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u805a\u7126\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u9662\uff08\u5927\u5fb7\u666e\u897f\u533b\u9662\uff09\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3001\u533b\u7597\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5bf9\u91cd\u5e86\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u91cd\u5e86\u5730\u5904\u4e24\u6c5f\u4ea4\u6c47\u7684\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u6e7f\u70ed\u591a\u96fe\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u536b\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u5dee\uff0c\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u3001\u80a0\u9053\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u75c5\u7b49\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u4e8e<\/span>1906<\/span>\u5e74\u62b5\u8fbe\u91cd\u5e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u4f4d\u4e8e\u57ce\u897f\u9ad8\u5c71\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5f00\u8bbe\u533b\u9662\u3002\u4ed6\u9762\u4e34\u6765\u81ea\u5fb7\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u9650\u5236\uff08\u6700\u521d\u53ea\u6709<\/span>4000<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b\u7528\u4e8e\u79df\u623f\u548c\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u963b\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u57ce\u91cc\u7684\u5174\u9686\u5df7\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5904\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eb2\u81ea\u4f4f\u5728\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u770b\u5b88\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6539\u5efa\u548c\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5f0f\u623f\u5c4b\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7a97\u6237\u3001\u901a\u98ce\u53e3\u3001\u6392\u6c34\u9053\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u897f\u65b9\u533b\u9662\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4ed6\u9047\u5230\u4e86<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u884c\u4f1a\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u56fa\u6267<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u73bb\u7483\u5546\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u50cf<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u730e\u72ac\u4e00\u6837\u63d0\u9ad8\u8b66\u60d5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u533b\u9662\u4e8e<\/span>1906<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>7<\/span>\u6708<\/span>1<\/span>\u65e5\u5f00\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u533b\u7597\u548c\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u533b\u5b66\u57f9\u8bad\u73ed\u6388\u8bfe\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u5b66\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d<\/span>\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u969c\u788d\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8089<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fc3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u3002\u533b\u9662\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u63a5\u8bca\u4e86<\/span>4287<\/span>\u4f4d\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u7a77\u4eba\u514d\u8d39\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f19\u98df\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u624b\u672f\u5ba4\u671d\u897f\uff0c\u590f\u5929\u9177\u70ed\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u624b\u672f\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u91c7\u7528\u5982\u7898\u914a\u6d88\u6bd2\u6cd5\u7b49\u897f\u65b9\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u540e\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u533b\u9662\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u533b\u7597\u7528\u54c1\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u6cd5\u9886\u4e8b\u7684\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u533b\u9662\u6551\u52a9\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a<\/span>\u91cd\u5e86\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u533b\u9662<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>1918<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u5728\u5609\u9675\u6c5f\u7554\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e00\u6240\u66f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u533b\u9662\u3002\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u5728<\/span>1919<\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u91cd\u5e86\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u8bca\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u603b\u4f53\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u4ece\u5185\u5361\u6cb3\u5230\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c81\u6708\u300b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f20\u8bb0\u548c\u6e38\u8bb0\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u4ea4\u6d41\u53f2\u7684<\/span>\u73cd\u8d35\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\u6781\u5176\u8be6\u5c3d\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86<\/span>19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u9646\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u5730\u7406\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u533b\u7597\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u963f\u601d\u5bc6\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e14\u7ec6\u81f4\u5165\u5fae\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u957f\u6c5f\u7ea4\u592b\u3001\u85cf\u533a\u6587\u5316\u548c\u91cd\u5e86\u5e95\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u9762\u4e34\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6587\u5316\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5bf9\u533b\u7597\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u548c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5949\u732e\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e2d\u65b9\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u8d5e\u8a89\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u8d44\u6599\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8270\u96be\u7684\u6574\u7406\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u4ee5\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u90a3\u6bb5\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86<\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u6587\u5b57\u8d44\u6599<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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