{"id":1589,"date":"2025-10-30T04:58:54","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T20:58:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1589"},"modified":"2025-10-30T04:58:54","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T20:58:54","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%ae%ba%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e3%80%8bon-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1589","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u8bba\u6559\u80b2\u300bOn Education"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0186<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u8bba\u6559\u80b2\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span>On Education<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f2f\u7279\u5170<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7f57\u7d20<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8bba\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f<\/span>\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e<\/span>1926<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u7bc7\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u5efa\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u672c\u4e66\u7684<\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u60f3\u3001\u6027\u683c\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u667a\u529b\u6559\u80b2\u4e09\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5047\u8bbe<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e94\u5f53\u662f<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u4e0e\u88c5\u9970\u6027\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u654f\u611f\u6027\u548c\u667a\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u5021\u5bfc<\/span>\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7231\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5851\u9020\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u65e7\u5f0f\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u548c\u704c\u8f93\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u81ea\u5f8b\u548c\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u8bba\u6559\u80b2\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e8e<\/span> 1926 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 2 <\/span>\u6708\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u662f\u7f57\u7d20\u5199\u7ed9\u50cf\u4ed6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u6559\u80b2\u4f46\u53c8\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4eec\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7236\u6bcd\u6f84\u6e05\u6559\u80b2\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u7684\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\uff08<\/span>Introduction<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5fc3\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u533a\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u63a8\u52a8\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6027\u683c\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u672a\u6765\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0e\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u89c2\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u89c2\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f<\/span>\u8fd0\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u751f\u547d\u6700\u521d\u4e94\u5e74<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u5bf9\u6027\u683c\u7684\u5851\u9020\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u53bb\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u5206\u4e3a<\/span>\u6027\u683c\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Instruction<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u5212\u5148\u8ba8\u8bba\u6027\u683c\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u540e\u8ba8\u8bba\u667a\u529b\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u60f3\uff08<\/span>Part I: Educational Ideals<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff08<\/span>Postulates of Modern Educational Theory<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u539f\u5219\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u662f<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5177\u5907\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6d1b\u514b\u548c\u5362\u68ad\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u8d35\u65cf\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u6216\u727a\u7272\u6587\u660e\u4ee5\u6c42\u516c\u6b63\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u968f\u540e\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b9e\u7528<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>useful<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u88c5\u9970<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>ornamental<\/span>\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e7f\u4e49\u5730\u7406\u89e3<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b9e\u7528<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5e26\u6765\u597d\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6559\u80b2\u5f53\u7136\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u770b\u91cd\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\uff08\u5982\u5236\u9020\u673a\u5668\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\uff08<\/span>applied science<\/span>\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u9965\u997f\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u7b49\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e3b\u5f20\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5143\u7d20<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u827a\u672f\uff09\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6fc0\u53d1\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u3002\u5728\u667a\u529b\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u624d\u5e94\u4f18\u5148\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u9700\u5927\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982\u8bed\u6cd5\uff09\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\uff08<\/span>Madame Montessori<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u65e7\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u60e9\u7f5a\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u4f53\u7f5a<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982<\/span> Dr. Arnold <\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff09 \u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u5b66\u4e60\u53d8\u5f97<\/span>\u6709\u8da3<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u5185\u5316\u7eaa\u5f8b<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>self-discipline<\/span>\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaa\u5f8b\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u597d\u4e60\u60ef\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u503c\u5f97\u514b\u5236\u51b2\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff08<\/span>The Aims of Education<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u4f55\u79cd\u6027\u683c\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u6000\u7591\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fdb\u6b65\u6216\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5927<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u60c5\u611f\u57f9\u517b\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5949\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e<\/span>\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\uff09\u7684\u798f\u5229<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\tDr. Arnold <\/span><\/b>\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u8d35\u65cf<\/span><\/b>\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u6240\u9700\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u575a\u5fcd\u548c\u6b63\u76f4\uff0c\u4f46\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u667a\u529b\u548c\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\uff1b\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u8fc7\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06\u5f02\u8d28\u4eba\u7fa4\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a<\/span>\u540c\u8d28\u6c11\u65cf<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u4ee5\u704c\u8f93\u5bf9\u5353\u8d8a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8511\u89c6\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u652f\u914d\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7231<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7231\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u6027\u683c\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u8981\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u6d3b\u529b\uff08<\/span>Vitality<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u5ac9\u5992\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u52c7\u6c14\uff08<\/span>Courage<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5305\u62ec\u6d88\u9664<\/span>\u975e\u7406\u6027\u6050\u60e7<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u63a7\u5236\u6050\u60e7<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span>\u81ea\u5c0a<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u89c2<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>impersonal outlook<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6e3a\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    3. \n\t\t\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff08<\/span>Sensitiveness<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f<\/span>\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>abstract sympathy<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff08\u5982\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff09\u6240\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u538b\u8feb\u7b49\u73b0\u4ee3\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    4. \n\t\t\u667a\u6167\uff08<\/span>Intelligence<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5305\u62ec\u5b9e\u9645\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u63a5\u53d7\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u80fd\u57fa\u7840\u662f<\/span>\u597d\u5947\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u667a\u6167\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u5e94\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6027\u683c\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>Part II: Education of Character<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\uff08<\/span>The First Year<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u5a74\u513f\u671f\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u6027\u683c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5f62\u6210<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u826f\u597d\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u5e94\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5582\u517b\u548c\u54c4\u7761\u5a74\u513f\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u54ed\u6ce3\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6210\u4eba\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u5e94\u5728<\/span>\u6eba\u7231\u4e0e\u5ffd\u89c6<\/span><\/b>\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1<\/span>\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u52aa\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u6210\u4eba\u3002<\/span>\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u548c\u5e38\u89c4<\/span><\/b>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5bf9\u5f85\u5a74\u513f\u8981\u50cf\u5bf9\u5f85\u672a\u6765\u5c06\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5e26\u7740<\/span>\u5c0a\u91cd<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u6050\u60e7\uff08<\/span>Fear<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u6050\u60e7\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u683c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u6050\u60e7\u662f<\/span>\u540e\u5929\u4e60\u5f97<\/span><\/b>\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\u672c\u80fd\u6050\u60e7<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u795e\u79d8\u4e8b\u7269<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u673a\u68b0\u73a9\u5177\u6216\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u9634\u5f71\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u6d88\u9664\u6050\u60e7\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u719f\u6089<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>gradual familiarity<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u5f3a\u5236<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>force<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u514b\u670d\u5bf9\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u7406\u6027\u5730\u9884\u89c1\u5371\u9669<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u6d88\u9664\u795e\u79d8\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u826f\u65b9\u3002\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5ea6\u538b\u6291\uff08<\/span>repression<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u795e\u7ecf\u7d0a\u4e71\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5f39\u9707\u75c7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\u6280\u80fd<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>skill<\/span>\uff09\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u8eab\u4f53\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u64cd\u4f5c\u98de\u673a\u6216\u5e06\u8239\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u683c\u6597\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u81ea\u8eab\u5fc5\u987b<\/span>\u65e0\u6240\u754f\u60e7<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u7126\u8651\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u6e38\u620f\u4e0e\u5e7b\u60f3\uff08<\/span>Play and Fancy<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u6e38\u620f\u662f\u7ae5\u5e74\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7269\u79cd\u6392\u7ec3\u672a\u6765\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u672c\u80fd\u9a71\u52a8\u662f<\/span>\u6743\u529b\u610f\u5fd7<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>will to power<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u6e34\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u6210\u4eba\u3002\u5e7b\u60f3\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u626e\u6f14\u5de8\u4eba\u3001\u706b\u8f66\u6216\u84dd\u80e1\u5b50\uff09\u662f\u8865\u507f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5f31\u5c0f\u611f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7b\u60f3\u662f<\/span>\u6b63\u5e38\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u975e\u75c5\u6001\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u662f\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c06\u5e7b\u60f3\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u61d2\u60f0\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ae5\u5e74\u671f\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u662f\u672a\u6765\u5c06\u68a6\u60f3\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u79d8\u8bc0\u5728\u4e8e\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b69\u5b50\u6b63\u786e\u7684<\/span>\u6280\u80fd<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5c06\u6743\u529b\u610f\u5fd7\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u7ade\u4e89\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>competitive spirit<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u5bf9\u6297<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7136<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>physical nature<\/span>\uff09\u6bd4\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7530\u5f84\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5bf9\u667a\u529b\u7684\u4f4e\u4f30\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\uff08<\/span>Constructiveness<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u6743\u529b\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ed9\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9f13\u52b1\u5b69\u5b50\u5efa\u9020\uff08\u5982\u79ef\u6728\u5854\u6216\u56ed\u827a\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u679c\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u8010\u5fc3\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u6d88\u9664<\/span>\u6b8b\u9177\u548c\u7834\u574f\u7684\u51b2\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u6280\u80fd\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u5c06\u7834\u574f\uff08\u5982\u6218\u4e89\u6216\u5c04\u6740\u52a8\u7269\uff09\u89c6\u4e3a\u8363\u8000\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u9f13\u52b1<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5373\u8fd0\u7528\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u601d\u8003\u66f4\u5177\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6a21\u5177<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6216<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u673a\u5668<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u89c6\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u751f\u547d\u4f53<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u81ea\u79c1\u4e0e\u8d22\u4ea7\uff08<\/span>Selfishness and Property<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u81ea\u79c1\u662f\u6258\u513f\u6240\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e94\u704c\u8f93\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f<\/span>\u516c\u6b63<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>justice<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u3002\u516c\u6b63\u5f88\u96be\u5bf9\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u957f\u671f\u5b64\u5355\u3002\u8d22\u4ea7\u6b32\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u8c28\u614e\u548c\u6291\u5236\u7834\u574f\u51b2\u52a8\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u79c1\u4eba\u73a9\u5177<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u6fc0\u52b1\u53ef\u53d6\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u7231\u4e66\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u516c\u5171\u73a9\u5177<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u9f13\u52b1\u5206\u4eab\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e13\u6a2a\u5730\u5265\u593a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\uff1a\u8bda\u5b9e\uff08<\/span>Truthfulness<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span>\u8bda\u5b9e\u6e90\u4e8e\u65e0\u754f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>absence of fear<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u8bf4\u8c0e\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5bb3\u6015\u60e9\u7f5a\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6210\u4eba\u6b3a\u9a97\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50<\/span>\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bda\u5b9e<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u548c\u5413\u552c\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5fc5\u987b\u5982\u5b9e\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u800c\u5a01\u80c1\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff1a\u60e9\u7f5a\uff08<\/span>Punishment<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u8ba4\u4e3a\u60e9\u7f5a\u53ea\u5e94\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5360\u636e<\/span>\u975e\u5e38\u6b21\u8981<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e25\u5389\u3002\u6700\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u5e94\u8be5\u662f<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u6d41\u9732\u7684\u6124\u6012<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5bf9\u8f7b\u5fae\u5192\u72af\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6<\/span>\u9694\u79bb<\/span>\/<\/span>\u9a71\u9010<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>banishment<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u9519\u5931\u4e50\u8da3\u3002\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u5b69\u5b50\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6284\u5199<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u4f53\u7f5a<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6559\u5bfc\u5b69\u5b50<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7ef4\u6301\u6743\u5a01\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bd\u52a0\u8eab\u4f53\u75db\u82e6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u6307\u5bfc\u5fc5\u987b\u662f<\/span>\u5177\u4f53\u548c\u5373\u65f6\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u65bd\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8f7b\u5fae\u4e0d\u516c\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4f53\u9a8c\u4ed6\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\uff1a\u5176\u4ed6\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08<\/span>Importance of Other Children<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u5176\u4ed6\u5b69\u5b50\uff08<\/span>Older children, younger children, and contemporaries<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6027\u683c\u57f9\u517b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002<\/span>\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5b69\u5b50<\/span><\/b>\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e76\u6559\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7ea7\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/span>\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50<\/span><\/b>\u5219\u6559\u4f1a\u5b69\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f85\u5f31\u8005\u3002<\/span>\u540c\u9f84\u4eba<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u4e0d\u5e26\u66b4\u653f\u7684\u81ea\u5c0a<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u50cf\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7a46\u52d2\uff08<\/span>John Stuart Mill<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u90a3\u6837\u7684<\/span>\u5b64\u72ec\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u795e\u7ecf\u8870\u7aed\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5929\u8d4b\u6216\u654f\u611f\u6027\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u540c\u60c5\uff08<\/span>Affection and Sympathy<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7231\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/span>\u7231\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7231\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5bfb\u6c42\u60c5\u611f\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u5ea6\u652f\u914d\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e0d\u5e94\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u5bfb\u6c42\u6027\u7231\u624d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u7d27\u5f20\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u662f<\/span>\u672c\u80fd\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u5bf9\u54ed\u6ce3\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff09\u3002\u57f9\u517b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u667a\u529b\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5e94\u8be5<\/span>\u5982\u5b9e\u5730<\/span><\/b>\u5411\u5b69\u5b50\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u90aa\u6076\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5e94\u88ab\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u611a\u8822\u7684\u3002\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7231\uff08<\/span>between equals<\/span>\uff09\u7531<\/span>\u5e78\u798f\u548c\u65e0\u60e7<\/span><\/b>\u6240\u89e3\u653e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u6027\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>Sex Education<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c06\u6027\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7c7b\u51b2\u52a8\u4e00\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u5e94\u7528<\/span>\u65e0\u60e7\u548c\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u5a74\u513f\u671f\u7684<\/span>\u624b\u6deb<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>masturbation<\/span>\uff09\u5f88\u666e\u904d\uff0c<\/span>\u7981\u6b62\u548c\u5a01\u80c1\u53ea\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7d0a\u4e71<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u987a\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e94\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5fc5\u987b\u5982\u5b9e\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u56de\u7b54\uff0c<\/span>\u4e0d\u5f97\u6709\u4e1d\u6beb\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u6216\u5c34\u5c2c<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u9752\u6625\u671f\u4e4b\u524d\uff08\u6700\u8fdf\u5341\u5c81\uff09\u7ed9\u4e88\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u53d8\u5316\u5c06\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u6001\u5ea6\u770b\u5f85\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u8fd8\u5e94\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u536b\u751f\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u6027\u75c5\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u513f\u80b2\u5973\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c06<\/span>\u5ac9\u5992<\/span><\/b>\u89c6\u4e3a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6743\u5229\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u7231\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\uff08<\/span>The Nursery School<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bbe\u7acb<\/span>\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\uff08<\/span>Nursery School<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8d2b\u56f0\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u7cbe\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80b2\u513f\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u7684\u966a\u4f34<\/span><\/b>\u3001\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ea7\u7684\u7167\u987e\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f25\u5408\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6559\u80b2\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\uff08<\/span>Margaret McMillan<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u62a4\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u514b\u670d\u4e0d\u826f\u5bb6\u5ead\u73af\u5883\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u52a3\u52bf\u3002\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u51c6\u5907\uff08\u5982\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7801\u5934\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u3002\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u88ab\u7231\u6240\u9a7e\u9a6d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Science
      \nwielded by love<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u667a\u529b\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>Part III: Intellectual Education<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\uff08<\/span>General Principles<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u667a\u529b\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span>\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u667a\u529b\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u53d7\u9053\u5fb7\u8003\u91cf\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u75c5\u6001\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff08\u5982\u5bf9\u6deb\u79fd\u6216\u9177\u5211\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u79d1\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\u76f4\u5230\u5176\u611f\u5230\u538c\u5026\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u667a\u529b\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217<\/span>\u667a\u529b\u7f8e\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u601d\u60f3\uff08<\/span>open-mindedness<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u8010\u5fc3\u3001\u52e4\u594b\u3001\u4e13\u6ce8\u548c<\/span>\u7cbe\u786e\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>exactness<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u667a\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5e94\u6765\u81ea\u5b66\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u5b66\u4e60\u610f\u613f<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u3002\u867d\u7136\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u9700\u8981\u8010\u5fc3\u514b\u670d\u7684\u6c89\u95f7\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u6fc0\u53d1\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u62b1\u8d1f\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u575a\u6301\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5e94\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5192\u9669\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u5341\u56db\u5c81\u524d\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff08<\/span>The School Curriculum Before Fourteen<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5e94\u4ee5<\/span>\u666e\u53ca\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\u7279\u6b8a\u5929\u8d4b<\/span><\/b>\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n\t\t\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6700\u597d\u5728\u4e94\u5c81\u524d\u5728\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u7b97\u672f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e4f\u5473\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u7cbe\u786e\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5e94\u8c28\u614e\u5206\u7ea7\u6559\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u5730\u7406\u548c\u5386\u53f2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u65c5\u884c\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u7535\u5f71\uff08<\/span>cinema<\/span>\uff09\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ee5\u6fc0\u53d1\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u5e76\u6269\u5c55\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5e94\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u6297\u6df7\u6c8c\u548c\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6218\u4e89\u89c6\u4e3a\u611a\u8822\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u6587\u5b66\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5e94\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u8868\u6f14<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u80cc\u8bf5<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>learning by heart<\/span>\uff09\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u8bfb\u7269\u5e94\u4e25\u8083\u3001\u975e\u591a\u6101\u5584\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5e94\u7531\u6bcd\u8bed\u4eba\u58eb\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u6e38\u620f<\/span><\/b>\u5c3d\u65e9\u6559\u6388\uff08\u5982\u6cd5\u8bed\u548c\u5fb7\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u4e60\u5f97\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b66\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u5929\u8d4b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5341\u56db\u5c81\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u6237\u5916\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5fc5\u987b\u6559\u6388<\/span>\u6237\u5916\u4e8b\u7269<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u519c\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u719f\u6089\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u7269\u8131\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7\u4e5f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5c81\u6708\uff08<\/span>Last School Years<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u5341\u56db\u5c81\u540e\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5e94\u5f00\u59cb<\/span>\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u4e09\u4e2a\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n\t\t\u901a\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4ecd\u9700\u5b66\u4e60\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u536b\u751f\u5b66\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5e94\u5e73\u8861\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span>\u6fc0\u53d1\u5174\u8da3<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6982\u8ff0\u6027\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u6fc0\u53d1\u7cbe\u786e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9f13\u52b1\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u8fa9\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\u4e8b\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u795e\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b66\u4f1a<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u5730<\/span><\/b>\u5bf9\u5f85\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\u6216\u9677\u5165\u795e\u8bdd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u53cd\u5bf9\u865a\u4f2a\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u865a\u5047\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u727a\u7272\u667a\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7cbe\u795e\u8981\u6c42\u6c42\u771f\uff0c\u5728\u8bc1\u636e\u9762\u524d\u4fdd\u6301\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u57f9\u517b\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5f25\u6f2b\u7684\u8f7b\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u8d70\u8bfb\u5b66\u6821\u4e0e\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Day Schools and Boarding Schools<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u6c14\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n\t\t\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u66f4\u5229\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u80b2\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u573a\u6240\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u8d70\u8bfb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b69\u5b50\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u66f4\u771f\u5b9e\uff0c\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5f62\u6210\u50b2\u6162\u3001\u8131\u79bb\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u98ce\u9669\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\u5bf9\u654f\u611f\u3001\u806a\u660e\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u8d28\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u5b58\u5728\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u65e9\u671f\uff08\u4e24\u4e09\u5c81\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\u7684\u8d70\u8bfb\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7236\u6bcd\u652f\u914d\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6298\u8877\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u7ae0\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\uff08<\/span>The University<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u5927\u5b66\u62db\u751f\u5e94\u4ee5<\/span>\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u662f\uff1a<\/span>1) <\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u7279\u5b9a\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u624d\uff1b<\/span>2) <\/span>\u4ece\u4e8b<\/span>\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u53cd\u5bf9\u5927\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u95f2\u6563\u5bcc\u88d5\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u573a\u6240<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u5e94\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u70ed\u60c5<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7531\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6240\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u5e94\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u95f2\u6687\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e86\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff08<\/span>Conclusion<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u7f57\u7d20\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u88ab\u7231\u6240\u9a7e\u9a6d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Knowledge
            \nwielded by love<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u80b2\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u57f9\u517b\u672c\u80fd<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>training
            \nof instinct<\/span>\uff09\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u538b\u6291\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\uff0c<\/span>\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u3001\u5584\u826f\u548c\u667a\u6167\u7684\u666e\u53ca<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u662f<\/span>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7231<\/span><\/b>\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u6297\u62d2\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u547c\u5401\u6559\u80b2\u8981\u6d88\u9664\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u65e0\u754f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u5192\u9669\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t