{"id":1586,"date":"2025-10-30T04:56:42","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T20:56:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1586"},"modified":"2025-10-30T04:56:42","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T20:56:42","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%ae%ba%e5%a6%a5%e5%8d%8f%e3%80%8bon-compromise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1586","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u8bba\u59a5\u534f\u300bOn Compromise"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0185 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u8bba\u59a5\u534f\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span>On Compromise<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u8bba\u59a5\u534f\u300b<\/span>\uff08<\/span>On Compromise<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u662f<\/span><\/b>\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7ef4\u65af\u5eb7\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u83ab\u5229\uff08<\/span>John Viscount Morley<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8d23\u4efb<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u575a\u6301<\/span><\/b>\u4e0e<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e60\u4fd7\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1<\/span><\/b>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u4e66\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u6587\u5e93<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>The
\nThinker’s Library<\/span>\uff09\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u5e76\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u5219\u56f4\u7ed5<\/span><\/b>\u62d2\u7edd\u865a\u4f2a\u7684\u59a5\u534f<\/span>\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9<\/span><\/b>\u201c<\/span>\u53cc\u91cd\u4fe1\u6761<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>dual
\ndoctrine<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u5bf9\u5927\u4f17\u6709\u76ca\u800c\u5bf9\u5f00\u660e\u8005\u65e0\u76ca\u7684\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86<\/span><\/b>\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b<\/span>\u4fdd\u6301\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u76f4\u548c\u5766\u8bda<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5b81\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u800c<\/span>\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6216\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u504f\u89c1<\/span><\/b>\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5c06\u539f\u5219\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684<\/span>\u5ba1\u614e\u548c\u8010\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u7c73\u5c14\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8bf4<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u7eea\u8bba<\/span> (INTRODUCTORY)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5bfb\u6c42\u89c4\u8303\u987a\u4ece\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u666e\u904d\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u5c06\u59a5\u534f\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6216\u8303\u7574\uff1a<\/span>1) <\/span>\u5f62\u6210\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\u7684\u660e\u667a\u60ac\u7f6e<\/span><\/b> (wise suspense in forming
\nopinions)<\/span>\uff1b<\/span>2) <\/span>\u8868\u8fbe\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\u7684\u660e\u667a\u4fdd\u7559<\/span><\/b> (wise reserve in expressing them)<\/span>\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca <\/span>3) <\/span>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\u7684\u660e\u667a\u8fdf\u7f13<\/span><\/b> (wise tardiness in trying to realise them)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u83ab\u5229\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c<\/span>\u73b0\u5b58\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u7406\u5ff5<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u795e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u524a\u5f31\u548c\u8150\u8680\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5bf9\u667a\u8bc6\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u5c06<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6700\u7c97\u4fd7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6807\u51c6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u968f\u540e\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u61d2\u60f0<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5351\u52a3\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u6cd5\u56fd\u699c\u6837\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1848<\/span>\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4f7f\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u666e\u904d\u63a8\u7406\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u5386\u53f2\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e0d\u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u56de\u907f\u5728\u547d\u9898\u4e2d\u6ce8\u5165\u4efb\u4f55<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7edd\u5bf9\u54c1\u8d28<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6ee5\u7528\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u62a5\u7eb8\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\u5fc5\u987b\u53d6\u60a6\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bf9\u504f\u89c1\u975e\u5e38\u4e50\u89c2\uff0c\u5bf9\u666e\u904d\u7406\u8bba\u975e\u5e38\u51b7\u6de1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u7269\u8d28\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u589e\u957f<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8d22\u5bcc\u589e\u52a0\u5e26\u6765\u5962\u4f88\u548c\u7231\u60dc\u5b89\u9038\uff0c\u6ecb\u751f\u4e86\u5e7f\u5f00\u8a00\u8def\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5df2\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u601d\u60f3\u7cbe\u795e\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u65e7\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u65e7\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d8\u5f97\u9ebb\u6728\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u3001\u7a7f\u900f\u4e00\u5207\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u5207\u3001\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  6. \n\t\t\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u56fd\u6559\uff08<\/span>State Church<\/span>\uff09\u4f7f\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u667a\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u61d2\u60f0\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u592a\u50cf\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u62a5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u56fd\u6559\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u80dc\u5229<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n
    \n<\/div>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u80fd\u6548\u7528<\/span> (OF THE POSSIBLE UTILITY OF ERROR)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u9a73\u65a5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e8c\u5143\u6559\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>dual doctrine<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5373\u5f00\u660e\u9636\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u6084\u6084\u6301\u6709\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u516c\u5f00\u9f13\u52b1\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u5f00\u660e\u5927\u4f17\u6765\u8bf4\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6559\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a<\/span>\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5c31\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7528<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e86\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u5173\u8054\u6027\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u70b9\uff08\u5982\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8054\u60f3\uff08\u5982\u5bf9\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff09\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5bb3\u5904\u66f4\u6709\u76ca\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u53cd\u9a73\u79f0\uff0c\u5c06\u826f\u597d\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u70b9\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u56e0\u5176\u7f3a\u4e4f\u771f\u7406\u57fa\u7840\uff09\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u826f\u597d\u4e60\u60ef\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u74e6\u89e3\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u7406\u6027\u65e0\u529b\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u8fa9\u62a4\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u8ff7\u4fe1\u624d\u662f\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8005\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u8ff7\u4fe1\u6b63\u662f\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ed1\u6697<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5b83\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u65e0\u76ca\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    3. \n\t\t\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u8fc7\u65e9\u6253\u7834\u5b83\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u627f\u8ba4\u6027\u683c\u7684\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6709\u673a\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u6574\u4e2a\u4ea7\u7269\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    4. \n\t\t\u8d1f\u9762\u771f\u7406\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4ec5\u77e5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5e76\u975e\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u77e5\u9053<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u771f\u7406\u662f\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u5f15\u5bfc\u51fa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d2b\u7620\u548c\u65e0\u53ef\u633d\u56de\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u9886\u57df<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    5. \n\t\t\u8e0f\u811a\u77f3\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5386\u53f2\u8868\u660e\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u771f\u7406\u7684\u57ab\u811a\u77f3\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9519\u8bef\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7740\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1b<\/span>\u9519\u8bef\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u4f1a\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u6216\u6bd4\u6d6a\u8d39\u66f4\u7cdf<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u6700\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6210\u957f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6709\u7528<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
      \n<\/div>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u667a\u8bc6\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u795e<\/span> (INTELLECTUAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE
      \nPOLITICAL SPIRIT)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u59a5\u534f\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u54c1\u683c\u548c\u667a\u8bc6\u6b63\u76f4\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u8c34\u8d23\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u667a\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u9000\u8ba9\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684 <\/span>disciplina arcani<\/span><\/i>\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u90bb\u5c45\u5b89\u5c45\u4e8e\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u8ff7\u4fe1\u548c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7406\u60f3\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e73\u9759\u6cbc\u6cfd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e2d\u800c\u9690\u85cf\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4f11\u8c1f\uff08<\/span>Hume<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u7267\u5e08\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c06\u771f\u8bda\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4fd7\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u8ff7\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5c0a\u91cd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u667a\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ebb\u6728\u548c\u524a\u5f31<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u6545\u610f\u51fa\u5356\u667a\u8bc6\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4eba\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u906d\u53d7\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u72f1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6234\u7740\u9762\u5177\u3001\u5835\u7740\u5634\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e00\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u6211\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u514d\u9664\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u9488\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u504f\u597d\u6216\u5224\u65ad\u67d0\u4e00\u547d\u9898\u7684\u771f\u5047\u65f6\uff0c<\/span>\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u503e\u5411\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6bd4\u5929\u5e73\u4e0a\u7684\u7070\u5c18\u8fd8\u8f7b<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u7684<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b>\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u773c\u524d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u771f\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bb3\u6015\u81ea\u7531\u63a2\u7d22\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91c7\u53d6<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u677e\u5f1b\u7684\u5e7f\u5f00\u8a00\u8def\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6e34\u671b\u89e3\u51b3\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5047\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u5f15\u7528\u5e15\u65af\u5361\uff08<\/span>Pascal<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u62a8\u51fb\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8f7b\u7387\u800c\u80a4\u6d45\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e2d\u7acb\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u8bf8\u5982\u7075\u9b42\u4e0d\u673d\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6000\u7591\u5374\u4e0d\u5bfb\u6c42<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u4eba\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6781\u5176\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6781\u5176\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u5f3a\u4e14\u54c1\u683c\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u4eba\u53ea\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e09\u79cd\u7acb\u573a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u80af\u5b9a\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6216\u627f\u8ba4\u65e0\u6cd5\u80af\u5b9a\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4ee3\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u7acb\u573a\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
      \n<\/div>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u7684\u987a\u4ece<\/span> (RELIGIOUS CONFORMITY)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u516c\u5f00\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u9650\u5ea6\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8ba4\u771f\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8868\u8fbe\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u754c\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f97\u66f4\u5c11\u3001\u66f4\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u5173\u4e8e\u5bb6\u5ead\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n\t\t\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0e\u5b50\u5973\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u83ab\u5229\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b50\u5973\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8ba9\u7236\u6bcd\u906d\u53d7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u771f\u8bda\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u75db\u82e6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u6c89\u9ed8\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      2. \n\t\t\u592b\u59bb\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u83ab\u5229\u5f3a\u70c8\u6279\u8bc4\u4e08\u592b\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u59bb\u5b50\u75db\u82e6\u800c\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u865a\u4f2a\u7684\u987a\u4ece<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u53c2\u52a0\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u3001\u5047\u88c5\u76f8\u4fe1\uff09\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5eb8\u4fd7\u7684\u865a\u4f2a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u7684\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u4e00<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u5bcc\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u865a\u4f2a\u7684\u987a\u4ece\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u52c7\u6c14\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      3. \n\t\t\u513f\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5982\u679c\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5949\u4e3b\u6d41\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5e94\u6545\u610f\u704c\u8f93\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u865a\u5047\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u5e94\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u4e0d\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u544a\u8bc9\u5b69\u5b50\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c<\/span>\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ee5\u6587\u5b66\u4e4b\u540d\u704c\u8f93\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u542f\u793a<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c<\/span>\u4efb\u4f55\u51fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u673a\u5bf9\u8bda\u5b9e\u8fdb\u884c\u7be1\u6539\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7be1\u6539\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u667a\u8bc6\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
        \n<\/div>\n

        \n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span> (REALISATION OF OPINION)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5c06\u89c2\u70b9\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u754c\u9650\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u9996\u5148\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u800c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u53d8\u9769\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u59a5\u534f\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u975e\u6cd5\u59a5\u534f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6545\u610f\u538b\u5236\u6216\u9609\u5272\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u504f\u89c1\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u5408\u6cd5\u59a5\u534f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u627f\u8ba4\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u5c1a\u672a\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u6301\u6709\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u6307\u671b\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7acb\u523b\u8ddf\u968f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u5e76\u975e\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5c0f\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u867d\u7136\u65f6\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u79ef\u6781\u5f81\u670d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u5ba3\u5e03\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u603b\u662f\u6210\u719f\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4f2f\u514b\uff08<\/span>Burke<\/span>\uff09\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u59a5\u534f\u548c\u7269\u7269\u4ea4\u6362\u4e4b\u4e0a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u8b66\u544a\u79f0\uff0c<\/span>\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u539f\u5219\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f1f\u5927\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6700\u574f\u654c\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5<\/span>1870<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5927\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u672c\u5e94\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6539\u9769\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u516c\u5f00\u793e\u4f1a\u89c2\u70b9\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u5373<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u7ea6\u675f\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/b>\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5bf9\u504f\u89c1\u505a\u51fa\u8ba9\u6b65\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5bbd\u5bb9\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/span>\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6613\u72af\u9519\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f9d\u9760\u5f3a\u5236\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fd8\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u538b\u529b\uff09\u6765\u538b\u5236\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4f2a\u541b\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5a01\u80c1\u6240\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
          \n<\/div>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u539f\u5219<\/span> (THE DOCTRINE OF LIBERTY)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u5bc6\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Mill<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u539f\u5219\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u7c73\u5c14\u987f\uff08<\/span>Milton<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7c73\u5c14\u987f\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u51fa\u7248\u4e89\u8fa9\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u53d1\u8bc1\u8005\u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7edd\u65e0\u8c2c\u8bef\u7684\u6069\u5178<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u61d2\u60f0\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u963b\u788d<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8f93\u5165<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7531\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5bc6\u5c14\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u610f\u89c1\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8865\u5145\u4e3b\u6d41\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u771f\u7406\u6ca6\u4e3a\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6027\u683c\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6d1b\u514b\uff08<\/span>Locke<\/span>\uff09\u5bf9\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u5b98\u540f\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3002\u5bc6\u5c14\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u754c\u9650\u7f6e\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u536b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5373<\/span><\/b>\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u884c\u52a8\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u7acb\u5373\u4f24\u5bb3\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u5141\u8bb8\u5e72\u6d89\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bc6\u5c14\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u7ea6\u675f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>self-regarding<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u3002\u5bc6\u5c14\u5c06<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u7ea6\u675f\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u4e14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c<\/span>\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u529b\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u81ea\u7531\u539f\u5219\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u53d1\u73b0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u82f1\u96c4<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4eba\u7c7b\u5353\u8d8a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u536b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u667a\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u4f1a\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u83ab\u5229\u4ee5\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u5e9f\u9664\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u5ff5\u65e0\u6cd5\u8131\u79bb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u6761\u4ef6\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
          \n<\/div>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ed3\u8bed<\/span> (A WORD OF EPILOGUE)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u662f\u83ab\u5229\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bfc\u5e08\u5bc6\u5c14\u5c0a\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5723\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>saint
          \nof Rationalism<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7f57\u9a6c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u53ef<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5965\u52d2\u7559\uff08<\/span>Marcus
          \nAurelius<\/span>\uff09\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/b>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\u7684\u5723\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>saint of Agnosticism<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5965\u52d2\u7559\u4ee5\u8010\u5fc3\u800c\u7a7f\u900f\u6027\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u6df7\u4e71\u8fd8\u662f\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u90fd\u8981\u6c42<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u968f\u610f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>be not
          \nrandom thou<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u83ab\u5229\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u79f0\u8d5e\u90a3\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u611f\u6027\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u4e24\u79cd\u6f6e\u6d41\u6c47\u5165\u4e00\u80a1\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u548c\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6d2a\u6d41<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u662f<\/span><\/b>\u201c<\/span>\u5bbd\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4ed6\u6700\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5373\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u3001\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u548c\u96f7\u5357\u7b49\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6bd4\u5b97\u6559\u798f\u97f3\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5e94\u8be5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u70ed\u5207\u5bfb\u6c42\u548c\u73cd\u89c6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f1f\u5927\u3001\u5f15\u9886\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\u603b\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t