{"id":1526,"date":"2025-10-28T06:44:41","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T22:44:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1526"},"modified":"2025-10-28T06:44:41","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T22:44:41","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%99%e3%80%8b-moral-principles-in-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1526","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u300b Moral Principles in Education"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0170<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tMoral Principles in Education<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u300b<\/span>\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u675c\u5a01\uff08<\/span>John Dewey<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7531<\/span><\/strong>\u4ea8\u5229<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u82cf\u624e\u6d1b\uff08<\/span>Henry Suzzallo<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e<\/span><\/strong>1909<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u80b2\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u9879<\/span><\/strong>\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u4e13\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u8be5<\/span>\u666e\u904d\u4e14\u4e3b\u5bfc<\/span><\/strong>\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6559\u5b66\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5173\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6307\u5bfc<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u5927\u7eb2\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u7684<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u793e\u533a<\/span><\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001<\/span>\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u8d28<\/span><\/strong>\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684<\/span>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f15\u8a00<\/span> (Introduction)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u5f15\u8a00\u90e8\u5206\u9996\u5148\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879<\/span>\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u4e1a<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u62e5\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u6709\u6743\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u6743\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e<\/span>\u4e13\u5bb6\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/strong>\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span>\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u6267\u884c<\/span><\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3b\u8981\u7559\u7ed9\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5236\u5b9a\u3001\u6559\u6750\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u7ec6\u8282\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5e94\u4e0e\u5176\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u76f8\u79f0\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5916\u884c\u4eba\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u8981\u6c42<\/span>\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u6559\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5374\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u77e5\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5374\u53cd\u5bf9<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u81ea\u6cbb<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u7531\u6559\u5e08\u6765\u7edf\u6cbb\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u6210\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u8001\u677f\u4efb\u610f\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5f15\u8a00\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u4e0e\u6559\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u7684<\/span> (The Moral Purpose of the School)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff1a<\/span>\u533a\u5206<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u5ff5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5173\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n\t\t\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08<\/span>Moral ideas<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u6539\u5584\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u6210\u4e3a\u54c1\u683c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc<\/span>\u52a8\u673a\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t\u5173\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08<\/span>ideas about morality<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u5173\u4e8e\u8bda\u5b9e\u6216\u5584\u826f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u60f0\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u54c1\u683c\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4e60\u5f97\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong>\u88ab\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>moving ideas<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u667a\u529b\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u5851\u9020\u54c1\u683c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6307\u5bfc<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u6210\u957f\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u4e14\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u6210\u957f\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e<\/span>\u95f4\u63a5\u4e14\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u6821\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6750\u6599\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u54c1\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u793e\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span> (The Moral Training Given by the School
    \nCommunity)<\/span>
    \n<\/h3>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u5b66\u6821\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5b66\u6821\u7684<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5c06\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u72ed\u9698\u5730\u9650\u5b9a\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08\u5982\u6295\u7968\u3001\u5b88\u6cd5\uff09\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u3001\u6709\u7528\u548c\u81ea\u5c0a\u7684<\/span>\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u793e\u533a\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u9274\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u57f9\u517b\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6307\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u638c\u63a7\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd<\/span>\u5851\u9020\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5982\u679c\u6559\u80b2\u8131\u79bb\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u6807\u6216\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u53d1\u5c55<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u754c\u5b9a\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u6216\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5c06\u6ca6\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f53\u64cd\u7ec3\u4e60<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5b66\u6821\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u6c34\u5916\u6559\u4eba\u6e38\u6cf3\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b64\u7acb\u4e8e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u5916\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5b66\u6821\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u6784\u5efa\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u80da\u80ce\u822c\u7684\u5178\u578b\u793e\u533a\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u8bad\u7ec3\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u8bad\u7ec3\u5bb9\u6613\u53d8\u5f97<\/span>\u75c5\u6001\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u75c5\u6001\u5316\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8\u7ea0\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u800c\u975e\u57f9\u517b\u79ef\u6781\u670d\u52a1\u4e60\u60ef\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u5219\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ec5\u56e0\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff08\u5982\u51c6\u65f6\u3001\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\u4ed6\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5fc5\u987b\u662f<\/span>\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u8d23\u4efb<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5bf9<\/span>\u793e\u533a\u798f\u5229\u7684\u5174\u8da3<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span> (The Moral Training from Methods of Instruction)<\/span>
    \n<\/h3>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u539f\u5219\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5e94\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e<\/span>\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u7ed9\u4e88<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>construction and giving out<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e<\/span>\u5438\u6536\u548c\u5355\u7eaf\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u505a\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u5438\u6536\u548c\u91cd\u73b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u8bc4\u5224\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7f3a\u4e4f<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5de5<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7cbe\u795e\u5c31\u4f1a\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f7f\u7528\u800c\u840e\u7f29\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50<\/span>\u7ed9\u4e88\u3001\u505a\u4e8b\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u671b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u704c\u8f93\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u6807\u51c6\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u6050\u60e7<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5931\u53bb\u8ba4\u53ef\u6216\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6050\u60e7\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u75c5\u6001\u548c\u9ebb\u75f9\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u6500\u6bd4<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6807\u51c6\u88ab\u8bc4\u5224\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8fce\u5408\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5e94\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u667a\u529b\u548c\u827a\u672f\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6700\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3a<\/span>\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u672a\u6765<\/span><\/strong>\u505a\u51c6\u5907\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\u6216\u664b\u5347\uff09\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u6d6a\u8d39<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u52a9\u957f\u62d6\u5ef6\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u5438\u5f15\u90a3\u4e9b<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u6e34\u671b\u9886\u5148\u4ed6\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5229\u5df1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u675c\u5a01\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u6fc0\u53d1\u5b69\u5b50<\/span>\u79ef\u6781\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u521b\u9020\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u9053\u5fb7\u91cd\u5fc3\u4ece\u81ea\u79c1\u7684<\/span>\u5438\u6536<\/span><\/strong>\u8f6c\u5411<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u624b\u5de5\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e<\/span>**<\/span>\u5b9e\u8df5\uff08<\/span>doing<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u6548\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u8d28<\/span> (The Social Nature of the Course of Study)<\/span>
      \n<\/h3>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u6807\u51c6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6750\u6599\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6750\u6599\u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u4e3a\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b69\u5b50\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u573a\u666f<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u4e09\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u662f<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n\t\t\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5b83\u5728<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u5448\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u7eaa\u5f8b<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u80fd\u529b\u7eb3\u5165\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u6587\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n\t\u5177\u4f53\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u5730\u7406\u5b66<\/span> (Geography)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5730\u7406\u5b66\u6d89\u53ca<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u7406\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u5728\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u4eba\u7c7b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5730\u7406\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u5386\u53f2\u5b66<\/span> (History)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5386\u53f2\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u5728<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684<\/span>\u5178\u578b\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u4ee3\u8868\u827a\u672f\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u4ee3\u8868\u653f\u6cbb\uff09\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d1e\u5bdf\u73b0\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u548c\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e5f\u5e94\u63ed\u793a\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        3. \n\t\t\u6570\u5b66<\/span> (Mathematics)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6570\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u5177<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8fc7\u5ea6\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u7b97\u672f\uff08\u5229\u606f\u3001\u5408\u4f19\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6027\u8d28<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed3\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u6765\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u65e0\u975e\u662f<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u667a\u80fd<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u8bad\u7ec3\u51fa\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8981\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5174\u8da3<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u65b9\u9762<\/span> (The Psychological Aspect of Moral
          \nEducation)<\/span>
          \n<\/h3>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4ece<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5982\u4f55<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>how<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n\t\t\u672c\u80fd\u4e0e\u51b2\u52a8\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6240\u6709\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span>\u5929\u751f\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u548c\u51b2\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u7814\u7a76\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684<\/span>\u75c7\u72b6<\/span><\/strong>\u548c\u9700\u8981\u5851\u9020\u7684<\/span>\u6750\u6599<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          2. \n\t\t\u54c1\u683c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5<\/span>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u672f\u8bed<\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u52a8\u6001<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \n\t\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u8981\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n\t\t\u529b\u91cf<\/span>\/<\/span>\u6548\u7387<\/span> (Force,
              \n efficiency)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u62e5\u6709\u5c06\u826f\u597d\u610f\u56fe\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a<\/span>\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u575a\u6301\u6027\u3001\u52c7\u6c14\u548c\u52e4\u594b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5c06\u5b69\u5b50\u5929\u751f\u7684\u51b2\u52a8\u548c\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e60\u60ef<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            2. \n\t\t\u5224\u65ad\u529b<\/span>\/<\/span>\u826f\u597d\u5e38\u8bc6<\/span> (Judgment,
              \n good sense)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u77e5\u8bc6\u88ab\u5bfc\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9<\/span>\u76f8\u5bf9\u6216\u76f8\u79f0\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u62e5\u6709\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u6743\u8861\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u6293\u4f4f\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5e76\u6309\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5206\u7ea7\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5bf9\u9519\u77e5\u8bc6\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            3. \n\t\t\u60c5\u611f\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b<\/span> (Emotional Responsiveness)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4e00\u79cd\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u60c5\u5883\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u5373\u65f6\u4e14\u8fd1\u4e4e\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4f26\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e86\u51b7\u9177\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u4e0e\u5bcc\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \n\t\u68c0\u9a8c\u5b66\u6821\u9053\u5fb7\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n\t\t\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u89c6<\/span>\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u548c\u51b2\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5145\u5206\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5176\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5426\u4ee5<\/span>\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5438\u6536\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\uff1f<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f62\u6210\u826f\u597d<\/span>\u5224\u65ad\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1f\u5b69\u5b50\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u673a\u4f1a<\/span>\u81ea\u884c\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u9009\u62e9\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86<\/span>\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u5ba1\u7f8e\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u96d5\u5851\u3001\u7ed8\u753b\uff09\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\uff1f<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \n\t\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027<\/span><\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u5e76\u975e\u6b66\u65ad\u6216<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u8d85\u9a8c\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u771f\u5b9e\u7684<\/span>**<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u751f\u6d3b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6559\u5e08\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u627e\u5230<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t
                \n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t