{"id":1511,"date":"2025-10-28T06:32:27","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T22:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1511"},"modified":"2025-10-28T06:32:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T22:32:27","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%b6%e7%9b%ae%e7%9a%84%e5%92%8c%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e3%80%8b-modern-education%ef%bc%9aits-aims-and-methods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1511","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b Modern Education\uff1aIts Aims and Methods"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0165<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/u><\/span><\/strong>\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tModern Education\uff1a<\/strong><\/u><\/span>Its Aims and
\nMethods<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tT. Raymont <\/span>\u4e8e<\/span> 1946 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a<\/span>\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\u300b\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4f5c\u8005<\/span>\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e03\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u5a74\u513f\u671f\u5230\u8001\u5e74\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u5982\u4f55\u9002\u5e94\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8<\/span>\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66<\/span>\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76<\/span>\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u620f\u5267\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u548c\u62a5\u7eb8\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b83<\/span>\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8bfe\u5802\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7eaa\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u5e08\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u4f5c\u8005<\/span> T. Raymont <\/span>\u66fe\u4efb\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u91d1\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span> 1931 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 9 <\/span>\u6708\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e<\/span> 1935 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 1 <\/span>\u6708\u589e\u8865\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u6cd5\u9644\u5f55\uff0c<\/span>1946 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 6 <\/span>\u6708\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u8ba2\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u5199\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u65e8\u5728\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620<\/span> 1944 <\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u65b0\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4ecd\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5411\u8bfb\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55<\/span> (Human Development)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u63a8\u8fdf\u4e86\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5173\u6ce8\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u533a\u5206\u4e86<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>development<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e<\/span>\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u8fdb\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>evolution<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u9057\u4f20\uff08<\/span>nature<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u73af\u5883\uff08<\/span>nurture<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5b66\u6821\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e03\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5a74\u513f\u671f\uff08<\/span>0-4\/5 <\/span>\u5c81\uff09\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u671f\uff08\u7ea6\u81f3<\/span> 12 <\/span>\u5c81\uff09\u3001\u9752\u6625\u671f\u3001\u6210\u719f\u671f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e74\u3001\u8870\u8001\u671f\u548c\u8001\u5e74\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u5a74\u513f\u671f<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u8eab\u5fc3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span>\u513f\u7ae5\u671f<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u65fa\u76db\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5b89\u6392\u5e94\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u672c\u80fd\u3002<\/span>\u9752\u6625\u671f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u7ea6<\/span> 12 <\/span>\u5c81\u81f3\u6210\u719f\uff09\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u662f\u767d\u65e5\u68a6\u548c\u5f3a\u70c8\u77e5\u8bc6\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>intelligence
\ntests<\/span>\uff09\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5373\u6d4b\u8bd5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u529b\u589e\u957f\u5728\u9752\u6625\u671f\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5e94\u6210\u4e3a\u5426\u5b9a\u5927\u4f17\u6559\u80b2\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u667a\u529b\u4e0d\u518d\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4ecd\u80fd\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u73b0\u6709\u667a\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u5417\uff1f<\/span> (Can Education Be Defined?)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u751f\u6d3b\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u673a\u6784\u6240\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u54f2\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u538b\u7f29\u4e3a\u7b80\u77ed\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u5982\u8b66\u53e5\uff09\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u804c\u4e1a\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u5546\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u770b\u91cd\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u4f11\u95f2\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f11\u95f2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>leisure<\/span>\uff09\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f11\u95f2\u88ab\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u89c6\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u653e\u677e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u6d3b\u51c6\u5907<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u6279\u8bc4\u5176\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u51c6\u5907<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5c5e\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  6. \n\t\t\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Self-realization<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u6bd4<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u8fbe<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>self-expression<\/span>\uff09\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b9a\u4e49\u90fd\u662f<\/span>\u7247\u9762\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4ee5<\/span> T. H. <\/span>\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\uff08<\/span>T. H. Huxley<\/span>\uff09\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>liberal education<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u89c2\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u7528\u5417\uff1f<\/span> (Is Theory Useless?)<\/span>
    \n<\/h3>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u5e76\u975e\u65b0\u9c9c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09\u5df2\u5c06\u4e24\u8005\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u5c24\u5176\u53d7\u5230\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5f80\u5f80\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0e\u6559\u5e08\u65e5\u5e38\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9<\/span>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5408\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8bef\u5bfc\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684<\/span>\u5b98\u80fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>faculty psychology<\/span>\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc3\u667a\u7531\u72ec\u7acb\u5b98\u80fd\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bfe\u7a0b\u9009\u62e9\u6ce8\u91cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08\u5982\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8b66\u544a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u91cf\u5316\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u552f<\/span>…<\/span>\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>nothing-but attitude<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6279\u8bc4\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u662f<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u5982\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7eaf\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784<\/span> (Educational Institutions Other than
    \nSchools)<\/span>
    \n<\/h3>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u7f6e\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u9664\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5b66\u9662\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u4ea7\u751f\u667a\u529b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n\t\t\u5b97\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u620f\u5267\u827a\u672f\u548c\u7535\u5f71<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5546\u4e1a\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u6807\u51c6\u4f7f\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u590d\u6742\u3002\u7535\u5f71\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u5a31\u4e50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u666e\u53ca\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5e7f\u64ad<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u97f3\u4e50\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u3001\u6fc0\u52b1\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u62a5\u7eb8\u548c\u6742\u5fd7<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u65e5\u62a5\u7eb8\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u666e\u53ca\u5316\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65e0\u9700\u667a\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u5370\u5237\u516b\u5366\u7684\u6cdb\u6ee5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5e7f\u544a\u5546<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u5ba1\u7f8e\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u662f\u63a5\u89e6\u73b0\u5b9e\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u535a\u7269\u9986\u548c\u827a\u672f\u753b\u5eca<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u73b0\u72b6\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u66f4\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u804c\u4e1a<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u533b\u751f\u6216\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u804c\u4e1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f11\u95f2\u6559\u80b2\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u7ae5\u5b50\u519b\u548c\u5973\u7ae5\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u7528<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u73a9\u800d\u7cbe\u795e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5bb6\u5ead<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u667a\u529b\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u8eab\u4efd\u4e5f\u662f\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u6821<\/span> (Schools)<\/span>
      \n<\/h3>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u5e94\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u4e0d\u5e94\u53ea\u662f\u4f20\u6388\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u4e66\u5320<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e00\u8bcd\u6e90\u4e8e\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f11\u95f2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u521d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u6559\u6388\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u4e09<\/span>R<\/span>\uff09 \u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u5728<\/span> 12 <\/span>\u5c81\u524d\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u5728<\/span> 1944 <\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e0b\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c<\/span>11 <\/span><\/strong>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a<\/span>\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Secondary Education<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n\t\t\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Grammar<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u9075\u5faa\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Technical<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u7075\u611f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Modern<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5de5\u827a\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u521d\u7ea7\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span>\u6258\u513f\u6240<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>2-5 <\/span>\u5c81\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u5a74\u513f\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>5-7 <\/span>\u5c81\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa<\/span>\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>7-11 <\/span>\u5c81\uff09\u5bf9\u540e\u671f\u6559\u80b2\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e86<\/span>\u9752\u5e74\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u90e1\u7acb\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>county
        \ncolleges<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a<\/span> 18 <\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u79bb\u6821\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u517c\u804c\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u5927\u5b66\uff08<\/span>Universities<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u8d28\u91cf\u4ecd\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c<\/span>\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Adult education<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3a\u6301\u7eed\u7ec8\u8eab\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u6db5\u76d6\u5b66\u672f\u5230\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span> (<\/span>\u4e00<\/span>) <\/span>\u539f\u5219<\/span> (School Curricula (I. Principles))<\/span>
        \n<\/h3>\n

        \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u539f\u5219\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4f53\u7cfb\u6309<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b66\u79d1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5212\u5206\u3002\u56de\u987e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u521d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u8bfe\u7a0b\u66fe\u88ab<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e09<\/span>R\u201d<\/span>\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6309\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed8\u8d39<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5236\u5ea6\u50f5\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u77e5\u8bc6\u8131\u79bb\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u8bfe\u7a0b\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u4e24\u79cd\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u5b9e\u7528\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Utility<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\uff08\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u4f11\u95f2\uff09\u7684\u660e\u663e\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u7eaa\u5f8b\u6027<\/span>\/<\/span>\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Discipline<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u5fc3\u667a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u78e8\u783a\u667a\u6167<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \n\t\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ee5<\/span>\u5b98\u80fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u575a\u4fe1\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u666e\u904d\u7684<\/span>\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc1\u79fb<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>transfer of training<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u5b66\u4e60\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6216\u51e0\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8d28\u7591\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u6548\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6750\u6599\u76f8\u4f3c\u65f6\u624d\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u4e54\u6cbb<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u827e\u7565\u7279\uff08<\/span>George Eliot<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc3\u667a\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u5408\u9002\u7684\u667a\u529b\u8425\u517b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u5e94\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u7528\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u4ee5\u5fc3\u667a\u8bad\u7ec3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u5b66\u79d1\u7eb3\u5165\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span> (<\/span>\u4e8c<\/span>) <\/span>\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span> (School Curricula (II. Practice))<\/span>
          \n<\/h3>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5206\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b66\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b66\u79d1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e3a\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5021<\/span>\u9879\u76ee\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Project Method<\/span>\uff09\u6216<\/span>\u5174\u8da3\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>centres of
          \ninterest<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u513f\u7ae5\u5168\u8eab\u5fc3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9<\/span>\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u66b4\u653f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>tyranny of the text-book<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5e38\u5c06\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u548c\u5c01\u95ed\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u8131\u8282\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u9879\u76ee\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u5e7c\u513f\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u6709\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\uff08\u800c\u975e\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e0b\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u57fa\u7840\u6280\u80fd\uff08\u5982\u4e09<\/span>R<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u9636\u6bb5\uff08<\/span>7-11 <\/span>\u5c81\uff09\uff0c\u5e94\u638c\u63e1<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5fc5\u9700\u6280\u80fd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>minimum essentials<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u673a\u68b0\u5206\u5272\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5c0f\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u7684<\/span>\u4e13\u4e1a\u6559\u5e08<\/span><\/strong>\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5206\u5316\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u671f\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u73b0\u4ee3\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u4e2d\u7b49\uff08\u6280\u672f\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ecd\u662f\u672a\u6765\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5<\/span>\u5f7b\u5e95\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u51c6\u786e\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u8bc9\u8bf8\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u6269\u5c55\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fb9\u754c<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u6559\u5b66<\/span> (Learning and Teaching)<\/span>
          \n<\/h3>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u6559\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u4e66\u672c\u548c\u97ad\u5b50\uff09 \u8f6c\u5411<\/span>\u96c6\u4f53\u6559\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>chalk and talk<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u6559\u5b66\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7edf\u4e00\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8d6b\u5c14\u5df4\u7279\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>formal steps of instruction<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u66fe\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6539\u8fdb\u96c6\u4f53\u5907\u8bfe\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u673a\u68b0\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u6559\u5e08\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>individual work<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u53d7\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u548c\u9053\u5c14\u987f\u8ba1\u5212\uff08<\/span>Dalton plan<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5c0a\u91cd\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u96c6\u4f53\u6559\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6fc0\u52b1\u6027\u6559\u5b66\uff08<\/span>inspirational teaching<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4ecd\u6709\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u5e7f\u64ad<\/span><\/strong>\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u662f<\/span>\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>purposive<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5e94\u81ea\u89c9\u52aa\u529b\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u8fc8\u8fdb\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span>\u8bd5\u9519\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>trial and error<\/span>\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u6a21\u4eff<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>imitation<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u667a\u80fd\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>intelligent analysis<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e60\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u8bd5\u9519\u6cd5\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u667a\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u3002\u6700\u540e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>memory work<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e94\u5728\u5f7b\u5e95\u7406\u89e3\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u5d07<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6574\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u6cd5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff1a\u8003\u8bd5<\/span> (Examinations)<\/span>
          \n<\/h3>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u8003\u8bd5\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8003\u8bd5\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u8003\u751f\u7684\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8003\u8bd5\u5bf9\u6559\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u8003\u8bd5\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684<\/span>\u5916\u90e8\u8003\u8bd5<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>external examination<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u8003\u8bd5\u5206\u79bb\uff09\u66fe\u662f\u9020\u6210\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4fdd\u5b88\u3001\u627c\u6740\u6559\u5e08\u521b\u610f\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6b7b\u624b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u65b0\u578b\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<\/span>\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>intelligence tests<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u667a\u5546\uff08<\/span>I.Q.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u6210\u5c31\u6d4b\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>attainment tests<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u53d6\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8bba\u6587\u578b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8003\u8bd5\u3002\u6210\u5c31\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u8bc4\u5206\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u53ea\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b64\u7acb\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8861\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u8fde\u8d2f\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u5c31\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff08\u5982\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5bf9\u9519\u5224\u65ad\uff09\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c<\/span>\u5185\u90e8\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Internal examination<\/span>\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bd5\u5377\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff09\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\uff1a\u7eaa\u5f8b<\/span> (Discipline)<\/span>
          \n<\/h3>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6559\u5b66\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u57f9\u517b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u5851\u9020\u826f\u597d\u7684\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5229\u7528\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u513f\u7ae5\u7684<\/span>\u672c\u80fd\u503e\u5411<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6e90\u4e8e\u672c\u80fd\u6b32\u671b\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7eaa\u5f8b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Discipline<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u88ab\u6ee5\u7528\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u4e3a\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u542b\u4e49\u5e94\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u95e8\u5f92<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>disciple<\/span>\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u6559\u5e08\u76ee\u6807\u7684<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u8ffd\u968f<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u72b6\u6001\u662f<\/span>\u826f\u597d\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>good order<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6559\u5e08\u62e5\u6709\u6559\u5b66\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u4e0d\u53d7\u8003\u8bd5\u9a71\u52a8\uff09\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u65e7\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u4e13\u5236\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u5982\u4f53\u7f5a\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u5c55\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u5e08\u751f\u95f4\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ece\u9547\u538b\u6027\u7eaa\u5f8b\u5230<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u7eaa\u5f8b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>free discipline<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u7eaa\u5f8b\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6559\u5e08\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e13\u5236\u8005\u6216\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u793e\u533a<\/span> (The School Community)<\/span>
          \n<\/h3>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/span>\u7fa4\u4f53\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>sympathy of
          \nnumbers<\/span>\uff09\u65e2\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6709\u5229\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u76f2\u4ece\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5b66\u6821\u7684<\/span>\u89c4\u6a21<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u7cbe\u795e\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u4e0d\u5e94\u5927\u5230\u8ba9\u6821\u957f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u73ed\u7ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u5e94\u9002\u4e2d\uff08\u7ea6<\/span> 12-35 <\/span>\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u6fc0\u52b1\u6027\u53e3\u5934\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>boarding schools<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u793e\u533a\u7cbe\u795e\u6700\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u5176<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u820d\u5802\u5236\u5ea6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u751f\u81ea\u6cbb\uff08\u5982\u5821\u957f\u5236\uff09\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u548c\u56e2\u961f\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u5236\u3002\u793e\u533a\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u59cb\u4e8e\u7ae5\u5e74\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7fa4\u5c45\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u540e\u671f\u878d\u5165\u4e86<\/span>\u6a21\u4eff\u4e0e\u53cd\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u57f9\u517b\u8fd9\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6297\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229\uff0c\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u5e08<\/span> (The Teacher)<\/span>
          \n<\/h3>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6559\u5e08\u804c\u4e1a\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece<\/span> 19 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5230\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528<\/span>\u52a9\u6559\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>monitorial system<\/span>\uff09\u89e3\u51b3\u5e08\u8d44\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u5b66\u673a\u68b0\u3002\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u7684<\/span>\u89c1\u4e60\u6559\u5e08\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>pupil-teacher system<\/span>\uff09\u4f7f\u6559\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u719f\u7ec3\u7684\u624b\u827a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u76f4\u5230<\/span> 1902 <\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\u63a8\u52a8\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u540e\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6559\u80b2\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u90e8\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8<\/span>\u4e13\u4e1a<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u79d1\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08<\/span>a<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>b<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u968f\u7740\u5b66\u751f\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u7684<\/span>\u4e2a\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>personality<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6559\u5b66\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u57f9\u8bad\u5e94\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e74\u8f7b\u6559\u5e08\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff08\u5982\u8fc7\u5ea6\u652f\u914d\u6559\u5ba4\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u5f3a\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u5e08\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5305\u62ec\u65e8\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e13\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\uff08\u5982<\/span> N.U.T.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff08\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u534f\u4f1a\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u8fdb\u7279\u5b9a\u5b66\u79d1\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u534f\u4f1a\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u52aa\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u6ce8\u518c\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u6559\u5b66\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u7ba1\u63a7<\/span> (The Control of Schools)<\/span>
          \n<\/h3>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\uff08<\/span>state intervention<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5f53\u5c40\u884c\u4f7f\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u6743\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u662f\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\uff08\u5b66\u5f92\u5236\uff09\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u6743\u529b\u4e3b\u4f53<\/span>\u4e89\u593a\u5f71\u54cd\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\uff09\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u575a\u6301\u5176\u5bf9\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6743\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u9053\u5fb7\u76d1\u7763\u6743\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5e08\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\u4ecd\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6839\u672c\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0e\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff08\u56e0\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u5165\u5b66\uff09\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u66f4\u52a0<\/span>\u5408\u4f5c<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e94\u9f13\u52b1\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u5bb6\u957f<\/span>–<\/span>\u6559\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5de1\u89c6\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Inspection<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ebd\u5e26\u3002\u7763\u5b66\uff08<\/span>inspector<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u5df2\u4ece\u65e9\u5e74<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6309\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed8\u8d39<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u8005\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a<\/span>\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u670b\u53cb<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f20\u64ad\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u9644\u5f55\uff1a\u9879\u76ee\u6cd5<\/span> (The Project Method)<\/span>
          \n<\/h3>\n

          \n\t\u9644\u5f55\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/span>\u5b66\u751f\u5168\u8eab\u5fc3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>wholehearted purpose<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5e7c\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u624b\u5de5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662f<\/span>\u76ee\u7684\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u9879\u76ee\u6cd5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u63d0\u793a\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u5e94\u5728\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u878d\u5165\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5e38\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t