{"id":1505,"date":"2025-10-28T06:27:25","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T22:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1505"},"modified":"2025-10-28T06:27:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T22:27:25","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e5%9b%9b%e8%ae%ba%e3%80%8b-four-essays-on-philosophy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1505","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u56db\u8bba\u300b Four Essays on Philosophy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0162<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u56db\u8bba\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tFour Essays on Philosophy<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span>\u8fa9\u8bc1\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u6597\u4e89\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span>\u4ece\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5728\u300a\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u4e0e\u7279\u6b8a\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u77db\u76fe\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u6597\u4e89\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c<\/span>\u7edf\u4e00\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9009\u6bb5\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u7684\u6458\u5f55\uff09\u5219\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u654c\u6211\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8bc4<\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8457\u4f5c\u6982\u51b5\u4e0e\u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u56db\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bba\u300b\u548c\u300a\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1f\u300b\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u6d77\u5916\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6ce8\u91ca\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u6392\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u4fee\u8ba2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u300a\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bba\u300b\uff08<\/span>1937<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>7<\/span>\u6708\uff09\u548c\u300a\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u300b\uff08<\/span>1937<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>8<\/span>\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span>\u514b\u670d\u515a\u5185\u5f53\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u9519\u8bef<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ece\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7acb\u573a\u51fa\u53d1\u6765\u9610\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n
\n

\t<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u300a\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bba\u300b\uff08<\/span>ON PRACTICE<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898\u662f<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u505a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4ece\u8f83\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5230\u8f83\u9ad8\u7ea7\u3001\u4ece\u7247\u9762\u5230\u591a\u9762\u3001\u4ece\u6d45\u663e\u5230\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u5386\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u611f\u77e5\u9636\u6bb5<\/span> (Perceptual Stage)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4eba\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u63a5\u89e6\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3001\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u8054\u7cfb\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521d\u6b21\u89c2\u5bdf\u5ef6\u5b89\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5730\u5f62\u3001\u8857\u9053\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u7406\u6027\u9636\u6bb5<\/span> (Rational Stage)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u53d1\u751f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u98de\u8dc3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5f62\u6210<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6982\u5ff5\u628a\u63e1\u4e8b\u7269\u7684<\/span>\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u603b\u4f53\u548c\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6bd4\u611f\u77e5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u3001\u66f4\u771f\u5b9e\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u77e5\u8fbe\u5230\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5185\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c<\/span>\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5426\u8ba4\u611f\u77e5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u662f\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u80fd\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u7406\u6027\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u91cd\u72af<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u68c0\u9a8c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6807\u51c6<\/span><\/span>
    \n<\/h4>\n

    \n\t\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u68c0\u9a8c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u51c6<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u7ed3\u679c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u8fa9\u8bc1\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u9996\u8981\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5faa\u73af<\/span><\/span>
    \n<\/h4>\n

    \n\t\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e76\u672a\u6b62\u6b65\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u5c06\u5bf9\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u79ef\u6781\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u9020\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ece\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5fc5\u987b<\/span>\u56de\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong>\u53bb\uff08\u4ece\u7406\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u5230\u9769\u547d\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u771f\u7406<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a<\/span>\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u518d\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u518d\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u90fd\u5c06\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t <\/p>\n
    \n

    \t<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u300a\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u300b\uff08<\/span>ON CONTRADICTION<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
    \n<\/h3>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898\u662f<\/span>\u4e8b\u7269\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u552f\u7269\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u514b\u670d\u515a\u5185\u7684\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\tI. <\/span>\u4e24\u79cd\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2<\/span> (The Two World Outlooks)<\/span>
    \n<\/h4>\n

    \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u548c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66<\/span>\/<\/span>\u5eb8\u4fd7\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8b\u7269\u5b64\u7acb\u3001\u9759\u6b62\u3001\u7247\u9762\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u51cf\u6216\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5728\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7269<\/span>\u5916\u90e8<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5426\u8ba4\u4e8b\u7269\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8d28\u7684\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\u548c\u8d28\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u552f\u7269\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8b\u7269\u53d1\u5c55\u662f<\/span>\u5185\u90e8<\/span><\/strong>\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u7684<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4e8b\u7269\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u662f\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span>\u5916\u56e0\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u56e0\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5916\u56e0\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u56e0\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6e29\u5ea6\u80fd\u4f7f\u9e21\u86cb\u53d8\u9e21\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u77f3\u5934\u53d8\u9e21\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\tII. <\/span>\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027<\/span> (The Universality of
      \nContradiction)<\/span>
      \n<\/h4>\n

      \n\t\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff08\u6216\u7edd\u5bf9\u6027\uff09\u6709\u4e24\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n\t\t\u77db\u76fe\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      2. \n\t\t\u5728<\/span>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4ece\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n\t\u6ca1\u6709\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u90fd\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4e8b\u7269\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u548c\u6597\u4e89\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\tIII. <\/span>\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027<\/span> (The Particularity of
        \nContradiction)<\/span>
        \n<\/h4>\n

        \n\t\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff08\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff09\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u4e0d\u540c\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u77db\u76fe\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u5176\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684<\/span>\u7279\u6b8a\u672c\u8d28<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u95e8\u522b\u7c7b\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u89e3\u51b3\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u89e3\u51b3\uff1b\u515a\u5185\u77db\u76fe\u7528\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8bc4\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        3. \n\t\t\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u7814\u7a76\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d<\/span>\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3001\u7247\u9762\u6027\u3001\u8868\u9762\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u77db\u76fe\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6b63\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        4. \n\t\t\u666e\u904d\u6027\u5bd3\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u4e2d\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u77db\u76fe\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u5bd3\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e8b\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u52aa\u529b\u53d1\u73b0\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u4e0e\u666e\u904d\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span>\u5426\u8ba4\u77db\u76fe\u5c31\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u4e00\u5207<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \n\tIV. <\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u9762<\/span> (The Principal
          \nContradiction and the Principal Aspect)<\/span>
          \n<\/h4>\n

          \n\t\u5728\u590d\u6742\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u51b3\u5b9a\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4efb\u4f55\u590d\u6742\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u529b\u6293\u4f4f\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5bf9\u77db\u76fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u3002\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\u8d77\u7740\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u975e\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u7531\u56f0\u96be\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u7531\u65e0\u77e5\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6709\u77e5\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5426\u8ba4\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684<\/span>\u673a\u68b0\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8fa9\u8bc1\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u800c\u8d77\u4e3b\u8981\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\tV. <\/span>\u77db\u76fe\u8bf8\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u548c\u6597\u4e89\u6027<\/span> (The Identity and
          \nStruggle of the Aspects of a Contradiction)<\/span>
          \n<\/h4>\n

          \n\t\u540c\u4e00\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u6216\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u4e92\u6e17\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u3001\u4e92\u4f9d\uff09\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n\t\t\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e2d\u5e76\u5b58\uff0c<\/span>\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          2. \n\t\t\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5728<\/span>\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5176\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ece\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff1b\u6218\u4e89\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u548c\u5e73\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \n\t\u6597\u4e89\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u6216\u6597\u4e89\uff09\u5219\u662f<\/span>\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u9759\u6b62\uff08\u91cf\u53d8\uff09\u548c\u663e\u8457\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u8d28\u53d8\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u6597\u4e89\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u89e3\u51b3\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e8b\u7269\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\tVI. <\/span>\u77db\u76fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u6297<\/span> (The Place of
            \nAntagonism in Contradiction)<\/span>
            \n<\/h4>\n

            \n\t\u5bf9\u6297\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u77db\u76fe\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u624d\u91c7\u53d6\u516c\u5f00\u5bf9\u6297\u548c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u5b9a\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u77db\u76fe\u672c\u6765\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u77db\u76fe\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u515a\u5185\u6b63\u786e\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff09\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u672c\u6765\u662f\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u975e\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u77db\u76fe\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u519c\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u6216\u57ce\u4e61\u77db\u76fe\uff09\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bf9\u6297\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5c06\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5c06\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t <\/p>\n
            \n

            \t<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

            \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff08<\/span>ON THE CORRECT HANDLING OF
            \nCONTRADICTIONS AMONG THE PEOPLE<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
            \n<\/h3>\n

            \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u9610\u660e\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u533a\u5206\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\tI. <\/span>\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u77db\u76fe<\/span> (Two Different Types
            \nof Contradictions)<\/span>
            \n<\/h4>\n

            \n\t\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u7740<\/span>\u654c\u6211\u77db\u76fe<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe<\/span><\/strong>\u4e24\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n\t\t\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u53d1\u751f\u5728\u62e5\u62a4\u3001\u652f\u6301\u548c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/span>\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/strong>\u3002 <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                \n
              • \n\t\t\t\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u8ba8\u8bba\u3001\u6279\u8bc4\u3001\u8bf4\u670d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f3a\u5236\u6216\u538b\u670d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u56e2\u7ed3<\/span>\u2014<\/span>\u6279\u8bc4<\/span>\u2014<\/span>\u56e2\u7ed3<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u613f\u671b\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6279\u8bc4\u6216\u6597\u4e89\u89e3\u51b3\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              • \n\t\t\u654c\u6211\u77db\u76fe\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0e\u654c\u89c6\u6216\u7834\u574f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52bf\u529b\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  \n
                • \n\t\t\t\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4e13\u653f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \n\t\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u6c11\u65cf\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u9762\u6027\uff08\u5265\u524a\u4e0e\u62e5\u62a4\u5baa\u6cd5<\/span>\/<\/span>\u63a5\u53d7\u6539\u9020\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u5f97\u5f53\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a<\/span>\u975e\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u77db\u76fe<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u77db\u76fe\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u65e7\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\tII. <\/span>\u8083\u6e05\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (The Question of
                  \nthe Suppression of Counter-Revolutionaries)<\/span>
                  \n<\/h4>\n

                  \n\t\u8083\u53cd\u662f<\/span>\u654c\u6211\u77db\u76fe<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6709\u53cd\u5fc5\u8083\uff0c\u6709\u9519\u5fc5\u7ea0<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u201d <\/span>\u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d\u53f3\u503e\uff08\u628a\u654c\u4eba\u5f53\u4eba\u6c11\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5de6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u503e\uff08\u628a\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u5f53\u654c\u6211\u77db\u76fe\uff09\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de9\u56fa\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u515a\u3001\u519b\u961f\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u953b\u70bc\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u8083\u53cd\u7684\u6210\u529f\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\tIII. <\/span>\u519c\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (The Question of
                  \nAgricultural Co-operation)<\/span>
                  \n<\/h4>\n

                  \n\t\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u7684\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u4e2a\u4f53\u519c\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u77db\u76fe<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u662f\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\uff08\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7a77\u68d2\u5b50\u793e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5206\u914d\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u517c\u987e\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u519c\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u6536\u5165\u9010\u5e74\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\tIV. <\/span>\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (The Question of
                  \nIndustrialists and Merchants)<\/span>
                  \n<\/h4>\n

                  \n\t\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u6539\u9020\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u53cc\u91cd\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u6536\u53d6\u5b9a\u606f\u7684\u5265\u524a\u6027\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\u6539\u9020\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u6027\uff09\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u8eab\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u514b\u670d\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\tV. <\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (The Question of the
                  \nIntellectuals)<\/span>
                  \n<\/h4>\n

                  \n\t\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u8f6c\u53d8\u65e7\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5e76\u878d\u5165\u5de5\u519c\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u957f\u671f\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u8010\u5fc3<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5e94\u4fe1\u4efb\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u7c97\u66b4\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7075\u9b42<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\tVI. <\/span>\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (The Question of the
                  \nMinority Nationalities)<\/span>
                  \n<\/h4>\n

                  \n\t\u89e3\u51b3\u6c11\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u514b\u670d<\/span>\u5927\u6c49\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u514b\u670d\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u5728\u7684<\/span>\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\tVII. <\/span>\u7edf\u7b79\u517c\u987e\uff0c\u9002\u5f53\u5b89\u6392<\/span> (Overall Planning
                  \nand Proper Arrangement)<\/span>
                  \n<\/h4>\n

                  \n\t\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u5207\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span>\u516d\u4ebf\u4eba\u53e3<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u516d\u4ebf\u4eba\u53e3\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u70b9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u6307\u5bfc\u65b9\u9488\u662f<\/span>\u7edf\u7b79\u517c\u987e\u3001\u9002\u5f53\u5b89\u6392<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8c03\u52a8\u4e00\u5207\u79ef\u6781\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u6d88\u6781\u56e0\u7d20\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\tVIII. \u201c<\/span>\u767e\u82b1\u9f50\u653e\u3001\u767e\u5bb6\u4e89\u9e23<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u957f\u671f\u5171\u5b58\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u76d1\u7763<\/span>\u201d<\/span>
                  \n<\/h4>\n

                  \n\t\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n\t\t\u767e\u82b1\u9f50\u653e\u3001\u767e\u5bb6\u4e89\u9e23\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4fc3\u8fdb\u827a\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u81ea\u7531\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6597\u4e89\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u9886\u57df\u8c01\u80dc\u8c01\u8d1f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6597\u4e89\u5c06\u662f<\/span>\u957f\u671f\u7684\u3001\u66f2\u6298\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u5c16\u9510<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u60e7\u6015\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6597\u4e89\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u516d\u9879\u653f\u6cbb\u6807\u51c6\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u533a\u5206<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9999\u82b1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6bd2\u8349<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u548c\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u957f\u671f\u5171\u5b58\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u76d1\u7763\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5bf9\u5404\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4e92\u76f8\u76d1\u7763\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u515a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u542c\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u4e8e\u514b\u670d\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \n\tIX. <\/span>\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u95f9\u4e8b\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (On the Question of
                    \nDisturbances Created by Small Numbers of People)<\/span>
                    \n<\/h4>\n

                    \n\t\u95f9\u4e8b\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7fa4\u4f17\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u8981\u6c42\u672a\u88ab\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f<\/span>\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u601d\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u95f9\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4f5c<\/span>\u6539\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5e72\u90e8\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u624b\u6bb5<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\tX. <\/span>\u574f\u4e8b\u80fd\u5426\u53d8\u6210\u597d\u4e8b\uff1f<\/span> (Can Bad Things Be
                    \nTurned into Good Things?)<\/span>
                    \n<\/h4>\n

                    \n\t\u4e8b\u7269\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u4e24\u91cd\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u574f\u4e8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5411\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u597d\u4e8b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5411\u574f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4f1a<\/span>\u5168\u9762\u770b\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\tXI. <\/span>\u52e4\u4fed\u5efa\u56fd<\/span> (On Practising Economy)<\/span>
                    \n<\/h4>\n

                    \n\t\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5efa\u8bbe\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d2b\u7a77\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301<\/span>\u52e4\u4fed\u8282\u7ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u662f\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u65e7\u5de5\u4e1a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\tXII. <\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def<\/span> (China’s Path to
                    \nIndustrialization)<\/span>
                    \n<\/h4>\n

                    \n\t\u5fc5\u987b\u80af\u5b9a<\/span>\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u5145\u5206\u6ce8\u610f<\/span>\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u519c\u4e1a\u4e3a\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u539f\u6599\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u5ba2\u89c2\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66\u4e60\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6<\/span>\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u7684\u6001\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5438\u6536\u9002\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u60c5\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\t <\/p>\n
                    \n

                    \t<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

                    \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1f\u300b\uff08<\/span>WHERE DO CORRECT IDEAS COME FROM?<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>
                    \n<\/h3>\n

                    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u8fa9\u8bc1\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u7b80\u660e\u627c\u8981\u5730\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\t\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/span>
                    \n<\/h4>\n

                    \n\t\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u601d\u60f3<\/span>\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6765<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e09\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/span>\u751f\u4ea7\u6597\u4e89\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\t\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3<\/span><\/span>
                    \n<\/h4>\n
                      \n
                    1. \n\t\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\uff08\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u5230\u610f\u8bc6\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5ba2\u89c2\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65e0\u6570\u73b0\u8c61\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u89c9\u5668\u5b98\u53cd\u6620\u5230\u4eba\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u77e5\u8bc6\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u98de\u8dc3\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6982\u5ff5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u7b56\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    2. \n\t\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\uff08\u4ece\u610f\u8bc6\u56de\u5230\u7269\u8d28\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u68c0\u9a8c\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      \n\t\u6587\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\uff08\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u7406\u8bba\uff09\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u6027\u3002\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u6539\u9020\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span>\u2014<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span>\u2014<\/span>\u518d\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span>\u2014<\/span>\u518d\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6559\u80b2\u540c\u5fd7\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u8fa9\u8bc1\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                      \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                      \n\t\n<\/p>\n

                      \n\t