{"id":1502,"date":"2025-10-28T06:24:54","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T22:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1502"},"modified":"2025-10-28T06:24:54","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T22:24:54","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%85%b1%e4%ba%a7%e5%85%9a%e5%ae%a3%e8%a8%80%e3%80%8b-manifesto-of-the-communist-party","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1502","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b Manifesto of the Communist Party"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0161<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tManifesto of the
\nCommunist Party<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5361\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u548c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6069\u683c\u65af\u6240\u8457\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e3b\u8981<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u300a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea<\/span>1848<\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u4ee5\u6765\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6587\u672c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span>\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span>\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6297\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u6d3e\u4e2d\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span>\u63a8\u7ffb\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7edf\u6cbb\u548c\u5e9f\u9664\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u7eb2\u9886\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7531\u5361\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff08<\/span>Karl
\nMarx<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6069\u683c\u65af\uff08<\/span>Frederick
\nEngels<\/span>\uff09\u53d7\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u540c\u76df\u59d4\u6258\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span>1847<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>12<\/span>\u6708\u81f3<\/span>1848<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>1<\/span>\u6708\u671f\u95f4\u8d77\u8349\u3002\u5b83\u4e8e<\/span>1848<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>2<\/span>\u6708\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5ba3\u8a00\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>WORKERS OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!<\/span>\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u7bc7\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6982\u8ff0\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u5ba3\u8a00\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7d\u7075\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5e7d\u7075\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6e38\u8361<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>A spectre is haunting Europe \u2014 the spectre of Communism<\/span>\uff09\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u65e7\u52bf\u529b\u90fd\u5df2\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u9a71\u9664\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e7d\u7075\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u52bf\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u5411\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u503e\u5411\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d2f\u7a7f\u300a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u5fc5\u7136\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u8be5\u65f6\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u81ea\u539f\u59cb\u516c\u793e\u6240\u6709\u5236\u89e3\u4f53\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6597\u4e89\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u548c\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\uff08\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff09\u82e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u4ece\u5265\u524a\u548c\u538b\u8feb\u5b83\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\uff08\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff09\u624b\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u6c38\u8fdc\u89e3\u653e\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6446\u8131\u4e00\u5207\u5265\u524a\u3001\u538b\u8feb\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u6069\u683c\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u5b8c\u5168\u5e76\u72ec\u5360\u5730\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005<\/span> (BOURGEOIS AND
\nPROLETARIANS)<\/span>
\n<\/h3>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u4e0e\u9636\u7ea7\u5bf9\u7acb<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4ece\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5e9f\u589f\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6d88\u9664\u9636\u7ea7\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u65f6\u4ee3\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u5b83<\/span>\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u9636\u7ea7\u5bf9\u7acb<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u65e5\u76ca\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u654c\u5bf9\u9635\u8425\uff1a<\/span>\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u6307\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\uff1b\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u6307\u73b0\u4ee3\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u51fa\u5356\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ee5\u6c42\u751f\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u8d77\u8fc7<\/span>\u6700\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u9664<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\u7684<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u73b0\u91d1\u4ea4\u6613<\/span>\u2019\u201d<\/span>\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u90fd\u6495\u5f97\u7c89\u788e\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u533b\u751f\u3001\u5f8b\u5e08\u3001\u7267\u5e08\u3001\u8bd7\u4eba\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d8\u9769\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d8\u9769\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u4e4b\u53d8\u9769\u5168\u90e8\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7206\u53d1<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5265\u524a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u90fd\u5e26\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u6027\uff08\u6216\u66f0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e61\u6751\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4f7f\u91ce\u86ee\u548c\u534a\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6587\u660e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f7f\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e1c\u65b9\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u5b83\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5207\u4e16\u4ee3\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\u3001\u8fd8\u8981\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u5371\u673a\u4e0e\u6398\u5893\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8d56\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9b54\u672f\u5e08\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u4f4f\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u6cd5\u672f\u547c\u5524\u51fa\u6765\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u9b54\u9b3c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e86\u3002\u5546\u4e1a\u5371\u673a\u662f\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7206\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u66f4\u5177\u5a01\u80c1\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5207\u65f6\u4ee3\u770b\u6765\u90fd\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u761f\u75ab<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u761f\u75ab<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7528\u6765\u63a8\u7ffb\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5374\u5bf9\u51c6\u4e86\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0d\u4ec5\u953b\u9020\u4e86\u7f6e\u81ea\u8eab\u4e8e\u6b7b\u5730\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u8fd8<\/span>\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5c06\u8981\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u4eba<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u6210\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u7684\u9644\u5c5e\u54c1\u3002\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7ecf\u5386\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u59cb\u4e8e\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u529b\u91cf\u65e5\u76ca\u58ee\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e5\u76ca\u6269\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u88ab\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u6240\u4fc3\u8fdb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6597\u4e89\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e3a<\/span>\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u5207\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u90fd\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  6. \n\t\t\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u706d\u4ea1<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9769\u547d\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u518d\u505a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fde\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u5728\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u4e0b\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u529e\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u589e\u6b96\uff0c\u800c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7528\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8054\u5408\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6398\u5893\u4eba\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\u548c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u662f\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba<\/span> (PROLETARIANS
    \nAND COMMUNISTS)<\/span>
    \n<\/h3>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8131\u79bb\u6574\u4e2a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u515a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u548c\u575a\u6301\u6574\u4e2a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0d\u5206\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u5728\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002 <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        \n
      • \n\t\t\t\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u524d\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u653f\u515a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u540c\uff1a\u4f7f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5f62\u6210\u4e3a\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u7531\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      • \n\t\t\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6838\u5fc3<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u8bba\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7a7a\u60f3\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f<\/span>\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u524d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8868\u73b0<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002 <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          \n
        • \n\t\t\t\u5e9f\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e0d\u662f\u5e9f\u9664\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e9f\u9664<\/span>\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6240\u6709\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u9636\u7ea7\u5bf9\u7acb\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u5265\u524a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a<\/span>\u6d88\u706d\u79c1\u6709\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        • \n\t\t\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u56de\u5e94<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            \n
          • \n\t\t\t\u5173\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6709\u4eba\u6307\u8d23\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u4e2a\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u5c0f\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u8005\u548c\u5c0f\u519c\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u591f\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u5176\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u53ea\u60f3\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u79cd\u5360\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u601c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5373\u5de5\u4eba\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u6b96\u8d44\u672c\u800c\u6d3b\u7740\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\t\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u4e2a\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d88\u706d\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u5c31\u662f\u6d88\u706d\u4e2a\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u751f\u4ea7\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e70\u5356\u3002\u4f46\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6240\u8bf4\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6307\u7684\u53ea\u662f<\/span>\u8d44\u4ea7\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u4e2d\u7b49\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\t\u5173\u4e8e\u505c\u6b62\u52b3\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6d88\u706d\u79c1\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u61d2\u60f0\u5c31\u4f1a\u7b3c\u7f69\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u53cd\u9a73\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5374\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u83b7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u65e9\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u56e0\u61d2\u60f0\u800c\u706d\u4ea1\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\t\u5173\u4e8e\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6c11\u65cf<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728<\/span>\u8d44\u672c<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u79c1\u4eba\u5229\u6da6<\/span><\/strong>\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u63a8\u884c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u516c\u59bb\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5219\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u59bb\u5236\u51e0\u4e4e\u81ea\u53e4\u5c31\u6709\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5bf9\u6b64\u6700\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u6ca1\u6709\u7956\u56fd\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5dee\u522b\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5bf9\u7acb\u65e5\u76ca\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5c06\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u6d88\u5931\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          • \n\t\t\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u63aa\u65bd<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              \n
            • \n\t\t\t\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u4f7f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c<\/span>\u4e89\u5f97\u6c11\u4e3b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\t\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5c06\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u5730\u593a\u53d6\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u5e72\u6d89<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\t\u5728\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63aa\u65bd\u5c06\u662f\u666e\u904d\u9002\u7528\u7684\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5341\u9879\u8981\u70b9\uff09\uff1a\u5e9f\u9664\u5730\u4ea7\u3001\u5f81\u6536\u9ad8\u989d\u7d2f\u8fdb\u7a0e\u3001\u5e9f\u9664\u7ee7\u627f\u6743\u3001\u6ca1\u6536\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4fe1\u8d37\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u4ea4\u901a\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u6709\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5b9e\u884c\u666e\u904d\u52b3\u52a8\u4e49\u52a1\u3001\u57ce\u4e61\u7ed3\u5408\u3001<\/span>\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u513f\u7ae5\u5b9e\u884c\u516c\u5171\u7684\u548c\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u6d88\u73b0\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5de5\u5382\u52b3\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            • \n\t\t\u672a\u6765\u793e\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u9636\u7ea7\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u548c\u5168\u90e8\u751f\u4ea7\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u8054\u5408\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u5c06\u5931\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4ee3\u66ff\u90a3\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u65e7\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c06\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u5408\u4f53\uff0c<\/span>\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u732e<\/span> (SOCIALIST
              \nAND COMMUNIST UTERATURE)<\/span>
              \n<\/h3>\n

              \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5728<\/span>1847<\/span>\u5e74\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d41\u6d3e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t1. <\/span>\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Reactionary Socialism)<\/span>
              \n<\/h4>\n

              \n\ta. <\/span><\/strong>\u5c01\u5efa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Feudal
              \nSocialism)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u8fd9\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u4e3a\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u63a7\u8bc9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6279\u5224\u867d\u7136\u6709\u65f6\u5c16\u9510\u5730\u51fb\u4e2d\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u8981\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6548\u679c\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u7b11\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u521b\u9020\u4e86<\/span>\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u521b\u9020\u4e86<\/span>\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<\/span>Clerical Socialism<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u5c01\u5efa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u643a\u624b\u540c\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\tb. <\/span><\/strong>\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Petty-Bourgeois Socialism)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u4ee5<\/span>\u897f\u65af\u8499\u7b2c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Sismondi<\/span>\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\uff08\u5c0f\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u8005\uff09\u6b63\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u7ade\u4e89\u629b\u5165\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c16\u9510\u5730\u5256\u6790\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u4ea7\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff08\u5982\u673a\u5668\u7684\u707e\u96be\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u5269\u548c\u5371\u673a\u3001\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u76ee\u7684\u5374\u662f\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u548c\u7a7a\u60f3\u7684\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u4f01\u56fe\u6062\u590d\u65e7\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u624b\u6bb5\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5236\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u65e7\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4f01\u56fe\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u624b\u6bb5<\/span>\u9650\u5236\u5728\u65e7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5236\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5b9e\u884c\u884c\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5b9e\u884c\u5b97\u6cd5\u5f0f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\tc. <\/span><\/strong>\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6216<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u771f\u6b63\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (German, or \u2018True,\u2019 Socialism)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u8fd9\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u732e\u4f20\u5165\u5fb7\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u54f2\u5b66\u826f\u5fc3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u6587\u5b57\u9644\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7a7a\u8bdd\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0b\u5199\u4e0a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5f02\u5316<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u771f\u6b63\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u732e\u9609\u5272\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\u540c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee3\u8868<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u5c01\u5efa\u4e13\u5236\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u6597\u4e89\u52a0\u5267\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7528\u6765\u5a01\u5413\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86<\/span>\u5fb7\u56fd\u5c0f\u5e02\u6c11<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Philistines<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t2. <\/span>\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u6216\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Conservative, or
              \nBourgeois, Socialism)<\/span>
              \n<\/h4>\n

              \n\t\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6e34\u671b\u6d88\u9664\u793e\u4f1a\u5f0a\u75c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b<\/span>\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u884c\u653f\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u826f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9769\u547d\u6765\u5e9f\u9664\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u548c\u552f\u4e00\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u53e5\u7a7a\u8bdd\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d44\u4ea7\u8005\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8d44\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u84b2\u9c81\u4e1c\u7684\u300a\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t3. <\/span>\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Critical-Utopian Socialism and Communism)<\/span>
              \n<\/h4>\n

              \n\t\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5723\u897f\u95e8\uff08<\/span>St. Simon<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u5085\u7acb\u53f6\uff08<\/span>Fourier<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u6b27\u6587\uff08<\/span>Owen<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u3001\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u9636\u7ea7\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
              \n\u4ed6\u4eec\u5426\u8ba4\u4e00\u5207\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f<\/span>\u4e00\u5207\u9769\u547d\u884c\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u5e73\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u699c\u6837\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u97f3\u5f00\u8f9f\u9053\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u73b0\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u5207\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e3a\u542f\u53d1\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002
              \n\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a7a\u60f3\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56fa\u5b88\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe<\/span>\u7f13\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u8c03\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u5bf9\u7acb<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6<\/span> (POSITION OF THE COMMUNISTS IN RELATION TO THE VARIOUS EXISTING OPPOSITION
              \nPARTIES)<\/span>
              \n<\/h3>\n

              \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u6d3e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \n\t\t\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u773c\u524d\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              2. \n\t\t\u5404\u56fd\u7b56\u7565\uff08<\/span>1848<\/span>\u5e74\u80cc\u666f\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  \n
                • \n\t\t\t\u6cd5\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u7ed3\u76df\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8bcd\u53e5\u548c\u5e7b\u60f3\u91c7\u53d6\u6279\u5224\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\t\u745e\u58eb<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5ffd\u7565\u8be5\u515a\u6d3e\u7531\u5bf9\u7acb\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u8d44\u4ea7\u8005\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\t\u6ce2\u5170<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u90a3\u4e2a\u4ee5<\/span>\u571f\u5730\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u89e3\u653e\u9996\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\t\u5fb7\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u91c7\u53d6\u9769\u547d\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u5c31\u540c\u5b83\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e13\u5236\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u3001\u5c01\u5efa\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u5236\u548c\u5c0f\u5e02\u6c11\u3002\u4f46\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u4e00\u523b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u653e\u677e\u5730\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e2d<\/span>\u704c\u8f93\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u654c\u5bf9\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u53cd\u52a8\u9636\u7ea7\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u5c06\u662f\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                • \n\t\t\u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u5230\u5904\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u5207\u53cd\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u628a<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u5236\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \n\t\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u8a00<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u6beb\u4e0d\u9690\u7792\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u7528<\/span>\u66b4\u529b\u63a8\u7ffb\u5168\u90e8\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t\u8ba9\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u9762\u524d\u53d1\u6296\u5427\u3002\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u9501\u94fe\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5c06\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t
                  \n<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t
                  \n<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t