{"id":1458,"date":"2025-10-27T05:20:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-26T21:20:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1458"},"modified":"2025-10-27T05:20:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-26T21:20:21","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e4%b8%8e%e5%b9%b3%e7%ad%89%e3%80%8b-liberty-versus-equality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1458","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5e73\u7b49\u300b Liberty versus Equality"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0157 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5e73\u7b49\u300b<\/u><\/span><\/strong> Liberty
\nversus Equality<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tMuriel
\nJaeger<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u4e8e<\/span> 1943 <\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c <\/span>\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5e73\u7b49\u300b<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u8282\u9009\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u7531<\/span> Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd <\/span>\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86 <\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e73\u7b49<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684 <\/span>\u4e92\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790 <\/span>\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7<\/span><\/strong> \u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9 <\/span>\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4fc4\u56fd\u548c\u65b0\u897f\u5170<\/span><\/strong> \u7b49<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u7684 <\/span>\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u8ffd\u6c42 <\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u6218\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740 <\/span>\u727a\u7272\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u82f1\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c <\/span>\u4eba\u53e3\u7f29\u51cf<\/span><\/strong> \u4ee5\u907f\u514d<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u75db\u82e6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7a46\u4e3d\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8036\u683c\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Muriel Jaeger<\/span>\uff09\u6240\u8457\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u5bf9\u5e73\u7b49\u300b\uff08<\/span>LIBERTY versus EQUALITY<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e66\u8bc4\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u7531<\/span> A.
\nJ. J. Ratcliff M.A. <\/span>\u62c5\u4efb\u603b\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span> 1943 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 11 <\/span>\u6708\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e<\/span> 1944 <\/span>\u5e74\u548c<\/span> 1945 <\/span>\u5e74\u91cd\u5370\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\uff08<\/span>EXPERIMENTAL LIVES<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u300a\u897f\u897f\u5f17\u65af\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6781\u9650\u300b\uff08<\/span>SISYPHUS;
\nTHE LIMITS OF PSYCHOLOGY<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f15\u8a00\uff08<\/span>Introduction<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0e\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e73\u7b49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u5026\u7684\u7a7a\u6cdb\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6<\/span>\u4e2d\u8425\u6216\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u3001\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u8857\u5934<\/span><\/b>\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u53cd\u9762\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65b0\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u6c42<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e73\u7b49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6d6e\u73b0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u79cd\u8981\u6c42\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u54cd\u4eae\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdb\u6b65\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u520a\u7269\u300a\u65b0\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u300b\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5de5\u515a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5e73\u7b49\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u793e\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u6b21\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u8d85\u8d8a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u7a7a\u6cdb\u4e4b\u8bcd\uff0c\u5ba1\u89c6\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fdb\u6b65\u8ba1\u5212\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9<\/span>\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/b>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4fc4\u56fd\u548c\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5e73\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u81ea\u7531<\/span> (Part I: Liberty)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 1 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u81ea\u7531\uff1f<\/span> (What is Liberty?)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\uff08<\/span>Civil Liberty<\/span>\uff09\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e<\/span>\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5bc6\u5c14\uff08<\/span>John Stuart Mill<\/span>\uff09\u5728<\/span> 1859 <\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u5bc6\u5c14\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f24\u5bb3\u5230\u5176\u540c\u80de\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u3002\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u62e5\u6709\u7231\u597d\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u683c\u5236\u5b9a\u751f\u6d3b\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u3001\u7ed3\u793e\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u90fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u8d22\u4ea7\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u9057\u8d60\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\u4e5f\u88ab\u9ed8\u8bb8\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u8fd8\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684<\/span>\u795e\u5723\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bc6\u5c14\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u65e7\u89c2\u5ff5\u6b63\u5728\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u7126\u70b9\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u8d22\u4ea7\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u62e5\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u4eab\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u66f4\u56e0\u4e3a<\/span>\u8d22\u5bcc\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5bcc\u4eba\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u8ba1\u5e76\u635f\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eec<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u5df2\u88ab\u638c\u63e1\u5de8\u5927\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u6bd4\u5bc6\u5c14\u65f6\u4ee3\u66f4\u5177\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 2 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531<\/span> (Ownership and
\nLiberty)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6096\u8bba<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6216\u786e\u5b9e\u635f\u5bb3\u540c\u80de\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5269\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u53d6\u6d88\u6216\u9650\u5236\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u610f\u5473\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684<\/span>\u516c\u5171\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5373\u516c\u5171\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u516c\u5171\u89c4\u5212\u8981\u6c42\u4e25\u683c\u89c4\u8303\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c<\/span>\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5bfc\u5411\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u5de5\u65f6\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002\u7f62\u5de5\u548c\u505c\u5de5\u90fd\u5c06\u975e\u6cd5\u5316\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u6362\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u6362\u96c7\u4e3b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u5c40\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5bc6\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7231\u597d\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u683c\u5236\u5b9a\u751f\u6d3b\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5265\u593a\u662f<\/span>\u5931\u53bb\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u5e0c\u671b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u4e00\u76f4\u5f88\u6e3a\u832b\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6709\u62b1\u8d1f\u7684\u624b\u827a\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u660e\u76c8\u5229\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3001\u7a77\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u51fa\u7248\u6210\u529f\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u4e2a\u4eba\u83b7\u5229\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u7070\u59d1\u5a18\u548c\u8fea\u514b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u60e0\u5ef7\u987f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5c06\u5931\u53bb\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c<\/span>\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\u6df1\u6df1\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u518d\u5904\u4e8e\u6269\u5f20\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7a77\u4eba\u60f3\u9760\u624d\u80fd\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u8d5a\u94b1\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u514d\u53d7\u5265\u524a\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u6f2b\u957f\u548c\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 3 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u81ea\u7531<\/span> (Ownership and the
\nMental Liberties)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u3001\u7ed3\u793e\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\uff09\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53d7\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e27\u5931\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e<\/span>\u591a\u6837\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u6709\u94b1\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u559c\u597d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u884c\u4e0d\u8d5a\u94b1\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u597d\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u5bcc\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d44\u52a9\u6ca1\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u620f\u5267\u6216\u7535\u5f71\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6743\u88ab\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u652f\u6301\u4e2a\u4eba\u559c\u597d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c06<\/span>\u51e0\u4e4e\u6d88\u5931<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c06\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e<\/span>\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u6700\u5927<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u673a\u6784\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5728\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\uff08<\/span>B.B.C.<\/span>\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f53\u9762\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u5b9e\u7528<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u523a\u6fc0\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u975e\u5e38\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u8fce\u5408\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u53e3\u5473\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u7684\u672c\u6027\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span>\u7edf\u4e00<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9f13\u52b1\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u79c1\u4eba\u8d5e\u52a9\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9677\u5165<\/span> B.B.C.<\/span>\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u79ef\u6781\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5e76\u4e14\u613f\u610f\u9002\u5e94\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u5fb7\u96f7\u514b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5766\u666e\u5c14\u535a\u58eb\uff08<\/span>Dr. Temple<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e94<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9009\u53d6\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5f15\u5bfc\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u65f6\u671f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e8\u5728<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u79ef\u6781\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f46\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6784\u601d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8da3\u5473\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u75db\u7684<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5e73\u7b49<\/span> (Part II: Equality)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 1 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\uff1f<\/span> (What is Equality?)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u8005\u6700\u521d\u5c06<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e73\u7b49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5e9f\u9664\u5c01\u5efa\u7279\u6743\u3001\u5411\u6240\u6709\u9636\u7ea7\u5f00\u653e\u516c\u804c\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bcc\u4eba\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9762\u524d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6253\u5b98\u53f8\u3001\u96c7\u4f63\u9ad8\u660e\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bcc\u88d5\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b50\u5973\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5bcc\u4eba\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u98df\u7269\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u66f4\u8212\u9002\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u670b\u53cb<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6536\u5165\u5e73\u7b49\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 2 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49<\/span> (Economic Equality)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fdb\u6b65\u4eba\u58eb\u4e0d\u592a\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6269\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6309\u9700\u5206\u914d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6309\u52b3\u5206\u914d<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u7531<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u52bf\u5229<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>snob<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5ac9\u5992<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u52a8\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u800c\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u751a\u81f3<\/span><\/b>\u5b81\u613f\u51cf\u5c11\u548c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u90a3\u4e9b\u66f4\u5bcc\u88d5\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba<\/span>**<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6218\u4e89\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e73\u7b49\u5206\u4eab\uff08\u5373<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u727a\u7272\u5e73\u7b49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u7684<\/span>\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u914d\u7ed9\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 3 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u5e73\u7b49<\/span> (Vested Interests
\nand Equality)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u53cd\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5176\u52a8\u673a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5bb3\u6015\u5931\u53bb\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u58f0\u671b\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u7ecf\u8425\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u5bb3\u6015\u5b98\u50da\u63a7\u5236\u4f1a\u6bc1\u6389\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bd5\u751f\u5fc3\u8840\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u5320\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u62df\u8bae\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u81ea\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ec5\u9760\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u6536\u5165\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u5373\u98df\u5229\u8005\u9636\u5c42\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5931\u53bb\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u6570\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f46\u4efb\u4f55\u5e73\u7b49\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u8865\u507f\u91d1<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 4 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca<\/span> (Vested Interests
\nof Labour)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u6218\u524d\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u719f\u7ec3\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff09\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6536\u5165\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u56fd\u6c11\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6301\u6709\u5c0f\u989d\u6295\u8d44\uff08\u5982\u90ae\u653f\u50a8\u84c4\u94f6\u884c\u5b58\u6b3e\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u516c\u503a\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7ef4\u6301\u73b0\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5e73\u5206\u5bcc\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u5de5\u4eba\u6bcf\u5468\u7684\u6536\u5165\u589e\u5e45\u4e5f\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\uff08<\/span>1937-38<\/span>\u5e74\u5927\u7ea6\u662f\u516b\u5148\u4ee4\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u671d\u7740\u5e73\u7b49\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u91c7\u53d6\u6fc0\u70c8\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a<\/span>\u8d22\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u53d1\u751f\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u624d\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u5f7b\u5e95\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 5 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u6559\u517b\u7684\u5e73\u7b49<\/span> (Equality of
\nBreeding)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9664\u4e86\u5bb3\u6015\u5931\u53bb\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u574f\u6559\u517b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>bad manners<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6050\u60e7<\/span>**<\/span>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u5bb3\u6015\u5931\u53bb\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u514b\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u7eea\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u7eea\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684<\/span>\u516c\u5b66\uff08<\/span>public school<\/span>\uff09\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/b>\u4e0a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5e0c\u671b\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u9636\u7ea7\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u6d3e\uff1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u5e9f\u9664\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6216\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5206\u4eab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0a\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\u4e2d\u4ecd\u6b8b\u7559\u7740\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u5c01\u5efa\u8d23\u4efb\u611f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>feudal obligation<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\uff08\u5728\u6218\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u613f\u53c2\u519b\u7387\uff09\u662f\u516c\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u6240\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7559\u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 6 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u5e73\u7b49\u4e0e\u6587\u660e<\/span> (Equality and
\nCivilization)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6240\u6709\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u666e\u904d\u62c5\u5fc3<\/span>\u5e73\u7b49\u5316\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u660e\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6587\u660e\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u9119\u89c6\u548c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff1a<\/span>\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u4ec6\u4eba\u7684\u827a\u672f<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4ece\u65e5\u5e38\u7410\u4e8b\u3001\u4e0d\u5408\u5fc3\u610f\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u4e4f\u5473\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u89e3\u8131\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89e3\u653e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u667a\u529b\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u7684\u5192\u9669\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\uff08\u5982\u53e4\u96c5\u5178\u3001\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/span>\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8f83\u5c11\u53d7\u60e0\u8005\uff08\u4ec6\u5f79\u9636\u5c42\uff09\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u65f6<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u98df\u5229\u8005\u9636\u5c42\u5e76\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u660e\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u5730\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6467\u6bc1\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5bb3\u6015\u6587\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u6b21\u5f00\u82b1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 7 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5e73\u7b49<\/span> (Equality of
\nSecurity)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span>\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u673a\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u666e\u904d\u6e34\u671b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b89\u5168<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f3a\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8427\u6761\u548c\u5931\u4e1a\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u201c<\/span><\/b>\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5e73\u7b49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u63a5\u8fd1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u8d22\u5bcc\u5e38\u5e38\u7ed9\u5927\u4f17\u5e26\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u51e0\u4e4e\u6b63\u9762\u78b0\u649e<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e24\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span> (Part III: Two Experiments)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 1 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5e73\u7b49<\/span> (Liberty and
\nEquality in Soviet Russia)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4fc4\u56fd\u5904\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span>\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6240\u6709\u6743\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u82cf\u8054\u57fa\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u6e90\u4ece\u79c1\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u593a\u53d6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u65e0\u4eba\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8d22\u5bcc\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u540c\u80de\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u81ea\u7531\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5de5\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba<\/span>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u6362\u5de5\u4f5c\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u6545\u610f\u72af\u9519\u88ab\u89e3\u96c7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u81ea\u7531\u975e\u5e38\u5c11<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5f53\u5c40\u51b3\u5b9a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u8fdb\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u975e\u5e38\u532e\u4e4f\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u81ea\u7531\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u4ece\u672a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6743\u4e0b\u4eab\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e73\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4fc4\u56fd\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\u5de8\u5927\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6536\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684<\/span> 30 <\/span>\u500d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f<\/span>\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u7a00\u7f3a\u6027\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u652f\u4ed8\u62a5\u916c\uff08\u5373\u6309\u52b3\u53d6\u916c\uff09\u3002\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u85aa\u6c34\u9010\u6e10\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5c42\u53d1\u73b0\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u80fd\u529b\u652f\u4ed8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d21\u91d1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u68af<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u66f4\u5e7f\uff0c\u4f46\u5bcc\u88d5\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4ecd\u7136\u62e5\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176<\/span>\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 2 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u65b0\u897f\u5170\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5e73\u7b49<\/span> (Liberty and
\nEquality in New Zealand)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u56fd\u6c11\u6536\u5165<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6309\u5408\u7406\u8ba1\u5212\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4e1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u5bfc\u52a8\u673a\u662f<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b89\u5168<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u7531\u53d7\u9650\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5784\u65ad\u957f\u671f\u4fe1\u8d37\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5de5\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u6362\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d7\u4ef2\u88c1\u6cd5\u5ead\u7ba1\u8f96\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31<\/span>\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u5165\u5de5\u4f1a\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u8d39\u7387\u548c\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ecf\u6d4e\u62c9\u5e73\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u6781\u5176\u6177\u6168\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u7a0e\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u3002\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u7684\u767e\u4e07\u5bcc\u7fc1\u6781\u5c11\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u5360\u636e\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7cbe\u795e\u81ea\u7531\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u7cbe\u795e\u81ea\u7531\u672a\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u884c\u653f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<\/span>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7edf\u4e00<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 3 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u8ba1\u5212\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span> (Planned States)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4fc4\u56fd\u548c\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u9694\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762<\/span>\u6709\u7740\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5176<\/span>\u66f4\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u6309\u7167\u7406\u8bba\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u9879<\/span>\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u89c4\u5212\u4ecd\u5b58\u7591\u95ee\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u524d\u666f<\/span> (Part IV: Prospects in Britain)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 1-3 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3001\u7eca\u811a\u77f3\u4e0e\u56de\u907f<\/span> (The
\nCitizen’s Hope, A Stumbling-block, Can the Stumbling-block be Side-stepped?)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdb\u6b65\u89c2\u5ff5\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u7ec4\u540e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7eca\u811a\u77f3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u4ecd\u662f<\/span>\u5bcc\u88d5\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9<\/span>\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8870\u843d\u8d8b\u52bf\u5728\u6218\u524d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6218\u65f6\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u90fd\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e02\u573a\u5c06\u5927\u5e45\u840e\u7f29\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5f53\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u6210\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u517b\u6d3b<\/span>\u56db\u5343\u4e03\u767e\u4e07<\/span><\/b>\u4eba\u53e3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u82f1\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8d70\u5411\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740<\/span>\u4eba\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8212\u9002\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u9700\u8981\u51cf\u5c11\u7ea6\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b0\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\/<\/span>\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span>\u6700\u5bcc\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5411\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u7b49\u4eba\u53e3\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u5883\u4e0d\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u7ec4\u90fd\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u53ea\u80fd\u8fce\u6765<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u5e73\u7b49<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 6 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u81ea\u7531\u5bf9\u5e73\u7b49\u5728\u82f1\u56fd<\/span> (Liberty versus
\nEquality in Britain)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8981\u6c42<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d8a\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\uff08\u5e73\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8868\u683c\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u7531\uff09\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u666e\u904d\u60c5\u7eea\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8be5\u6b7b\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff1f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u4efb\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c06\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6d3e\u7cfb\u5265\u524a\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u9020\u6210\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4f9d\u604b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u5f7b\u5e95\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u6478\u7d22\u524d\u8fdb<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 8-9 <\/span>\u7ae0 \u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff1f\u4e0e<\/span> X <\/span>\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212<\/span> (Equality in Britain? An X-Year Plan?)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u6807\u51c6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c<\/span>\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u62c9\u5e73\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u672a\u6765\uff0c<\/span>\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u52bf<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u519c\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5c06\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5982\u679c\u6218\u540e\u56f0\u96be\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8feb\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6709\u660e\u786e\u671f\u9650\u7684<\/span>\u201cX<\/span>\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u6216\u5341\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u7684\u8270\u82e6\u594b\u6597\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5fcd\u53d7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6c38\u4e45\u63a5\u53d7\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86<\/span>\u4ee5\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6362\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7136\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5e73\u7b49\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d22\u5bcc\u589e\u52a0\u662f\u7f13\u89e3\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5173\u952e<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u7e41\u8363\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u5747\u7b49\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c<\/span>\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11<\/span><\/b>\u5c06\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5c0f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6062\u590d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c27\u6c14<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span> (Conclusion)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5bf9\u5e73\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5bf9\u9065\u8fdc\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u4f9d\u8d56\u5ea6\u6781\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f8e\u56fd\uff08\u6700\u5927\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5e73\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u82cf\u8054\uff08\u6700\u5927\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u81ea\u7531\uff09\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5168\u7403\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5904\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span><\/b>\u5728<\/span> 1929 <\/span>\u5e74\u5927\u8427\u6761\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a8\u6447\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f8e\u56fd\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u53c8\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u8427\u6761\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u666e\u904d\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d22\u5bcc\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ece\u800c<\/span>\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fbe\u5230\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5883\u754c<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82cf\u8054<\/span><\/b>\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7e41\u8363\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5c06\u4f1a\u91cd\u73b0\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u540e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u9700\u3001\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u8212\u9002\u548c\u95f2\u6687\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6682\u65f6\u727a\u7272\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e78\u798f\u72b6\u6001\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t