{"id":1455,"date":"2025-10-27T05:17:12","date_gmt":"2025-10-26T21:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1455"},"modified":"2025-10-27T05:17:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-26T21:17:12","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e4%bd%ac%e7%9a%84%e6%9d%a5%e4%bf%a1%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e4%bb%96%e9%9a%8f%e7%ac%94%e3%80%8b-letters-from-john-chinaman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1455","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u7684\u6765\u4fe1\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u968f\u7b14\u300b Letters from John Chinaman"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0156<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u7684\u6765\u4fe1\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u968f\u7b14\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tLetters
\nfrom John Chinaman<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u7684\u6765\u4fe1\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u968f\u7b14\u300b\u5305\u542b<\/span><\/strong> \u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u7684\u6765\u4fe1\u300b<\/span><\/strong> \u548c <\/span>\u300a\u8bba\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u660e\u300b<\/span><\/strong> \u4e24\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e <\/span>\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002 <\/span>\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u7684\u6765\u4fe1\u300b<\/span><\/strong> \u4ece\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684 <\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/strong> \u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u5176\u6392\u9664\u897f\u65b9\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9 <\/span>\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002 <\/span>\u300a\u8bba\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u660e\u300b<\/span><\/strong> \u5219\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u660e\u7684\u968f\u7b14\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86 <\/span>\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u6839\u672c\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5370\u5ea6\u4ee5 <\/span>\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/strong> \u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5 <\/span>\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/strong> \u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9 <\/span>\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e <\/span>\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8d5e\u626c\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5b66\u7684 <\/span>\u6c38\u6052\u6027<\/span><\/strong> \u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u601d\u60f3\u7684 <\/span>\u542f\u53d1\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c <\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406<\/span><\/strong> \u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86 <\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u4e0d\u673d<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u662f<\/span>G. Lowes Dickinson<\/span>\uff08<\/span>1862-1932<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u9009\u96c6\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span>1946<\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u4ee5\u73b0\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u6536\u5f55\u4e86<\/span>E. M. Forster<\/span>\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5f15\u8a00\u3002<\/span>Dickinson<\/span>\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9662\u58eb\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e26\u6709\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u5173\u6ce8\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u611f\u5230\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u5e76\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5176\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span>Forster<\/span>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>Dickinson<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e1c\u65b9\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u4fe1\u5949\u7406\u6027\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3001\u540c\u60c5\u3001\u7231\u548c\u827a\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e00\u3001\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u7684\u6765\u4fe1\u300b\uff08<\/span>Letters from John Chinaman<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5199\u4e8e<\/span>1901<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f<\/span>Dickinson<\/span>\u8f83\u77ed\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\uff0c\u521b\u4f5c\u65f6\u6b63\u503c\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u8fdc\u5f81\u9547\u538b\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u540c\u60c5\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u4e66\u4fe1\u5f00\u7bc7\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\u4e2d\u897f\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u4e14\u6700\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u5219\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6df7\u4e71<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f26\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c0a\u91cd\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u61c2\u5f97\u6b23\u8d4f\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u7f8e\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6ca6\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u73b0\u91d1\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002<\/span>Dickinson<\/span>\u6279\u8bc4\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u6c11\u88ab\u9694\u7edd\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u5f92\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u5374\u672a\u7ecf\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u6d41\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u7269\u8d28\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6ca6\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4ed6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u62b5\u5236\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5747\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bfb\u6c42\u5bf9\u5916\u4f20\u6559\u6216\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u800c\u897f\u65b9\u5219\u56e0\u5176\u5b97\u6559\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u548c<\/span>\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u751f\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u9a71\u52a8\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u4fb5\u7565\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6df7\u4e71\u4e14\u5145\u6ee1<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>irresponsibility<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u9884\u8a00\u5546\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fc5\u987b\u541e\u566c\u6216\u88ab\u541e\u566c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u8d5e\u626c\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u5c42\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e<\/span>\u7cbe\u795e\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u73cd\u89c6\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7b80\u6734\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u6cbb\u7406\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u5b58\u5728\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>Dickinson<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u5371\u5bb3\u5c0f\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760<\/span>\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u4e60\u4fd7<\/span><\/strong>\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u751f\u547d\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u516c\u5f0f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6b66\u65ad\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u88ab\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5438\u5f15\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u6cbb\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5173\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f<\/span>\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u60f3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c89\u601d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u800c\u975e\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5723\u5f92\u7684\u4ea4\u901a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u6027\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u540d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u5176\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8131\u8282\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u8d6b\u5fb7\u7235\u58eb\uff08<\/span>Sir Robert Hart<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8bc1\u8a00\uff0c\u79f0\u8d5e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5d07\u5c1a\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u516c\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516c\u7406\u9700\u8981\u6b66\u529b\u652f\u6301\u6216\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4fe1\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u6e90\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6311\u8845\u548c\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\u548c\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u4ed6\u547c\u5401\u897f\u65b9\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u6587\u660e\u5927\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5176\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u548c\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e8c\u3001\u300a\u8bba\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6587\u660e\u300b\uff08<\/span>An Essay on the Civilisations of India, China, and Japan<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u7bc7\u968f\u7b14\u662f<\/span>Dickinson<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5361\u6069\u65c5\u884c\u57fa\u91d1\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff08<\/span>1912<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1913<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e1c\u65b9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5e76\u975e\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u9053\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4e09\u5927\u6587\u660e\u7684\u57fa\u8c03\uff1a\u5370\u5ea6\u662f<\/span>\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/strong>\uff1b\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f<\/span>\u4eba\u9053<\/span><\/strong>\uff1b\u65e5\u672c\u662f<\/span>\u9a91\u58eb\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u6b66\u58eb\u9053\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5370\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u660e\u7684<\/span>\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7279\u8d28\u662f\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u76f8\u4fe1\u771f\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u865a\u5e7b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>inhuman<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u827a\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e0d\u5c48\u4e0d\u6320\u548c\u975e\u7406\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u662f\u60b2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u4ece\u4e16\u95f4\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u89e3\u8131\uff0c\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7531<\/span>\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tDickinson<\/span>\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u6240\u6709\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u6700\u4e0d\u5584\u4e8e\u6b23\u8d4f\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u660e\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0e\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4f20\u6388\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5374\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u94c1\u8def\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u74e6\u89e3<\/span>\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5987\u5973\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u827a\u672f\u548c\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u7684\u8870\u843d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7cbe\u82f1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u54c1\u5473\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u9752\u7750\u52a3\u8d28\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u827a\u672f\u3002\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u63a5\u89e6\u4e2d<\/span>\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u635f\u5931\u66f4\u5c11<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f<\/span>\u4eba\u9053\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u5f00\u6717\u3001\u5bcc\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u660e\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f<\/span>\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u6ce8\u91cd\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u827a\u672f\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5bf9\u4eba\u9053\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u7f8e\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6b23\u8d4f\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u5e73\u7b49\u673a\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b<\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tDickinson<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u6709\u7740\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff1a\u4e16\u4fd7\u3001\u52a1\u5b9e\u3001\u8bb2\u6c42\u5b9e\u9645\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5316\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5f71\u54cd\u8d77\u521d\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u901a\u5546\u53e3\u5cb8\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u6e17\u900f\u3002\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u53d7\u8fc7\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u8896\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\uff09\u6781\u529b\u63a8\u52a8\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u54c1\u683c\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u90fd\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6e17\u900f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u65e5\u672c<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u6c14\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0e\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff1a\u5065\u5eb7\u4f18\u7f8e\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u7cbe\u81f4\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e0c\u814a\u7684<\/span>\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u9769\u547d\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7ffb\u7248\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u57fa\u8c03\u662f<\/span>\u9a91\u58eb\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u6b66\u58eb\u9053\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5929\u7687\u53ca\u5176\u7956\u5148\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff08\u795e\u9053\u6559\uff09\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u897f\u65b9\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u88ab\u897f\u65b9\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<\/span>\u5ba1\u7f8e\u8da3\u5473\u7684\u6bc1\u706d<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u53d8\u5f97\u4e11\u964b\u548c\u4fd7\u6c14\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5de5\u4e1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8d2b\u56f0\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u548c\u5de5\u5382\u5265\u524a\u7b49\u6b27\u6d32\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f0a\u75c5\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u7528\u5fb7\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f<\/span>\u4e13\u5236\u4e14\u5b98\u50da\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u538b\u5236\u7ed3\u793e\u548c\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span>Dickinson<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u5de5\u4e1a\u6587\u660e\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u957f\u671f\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tDickinson<\/span>\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u5df2\u4e27\u5931\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u571f\u5730\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6c89\u601d\u6587\u5316\uff09\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u64c5\u957f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u673a\u68b0<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u8212\u9002\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\u548c\u6c89\u601d\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6587\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u96be\u4ee5\u53ea\u9009\u62e9\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6280\u672f\u800c\u4e0d\u627f\u53d7\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u4e11\u964b\u3002\u4ed6\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5c06\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u4e1c\u65b9\u5728\u6062\u590d\u771f\u6b63\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5386\u897f\u65b9\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e09\u3001\u300a\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Contribution of Ancient Greece to Modern Life<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u662f<\/span>Dickinson<\/span>\u4e8e<\/span>1932<\/span>\u5e74\u5728\u5251\u6865\u6691\u671f\u5b66\u6821\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5206\u4e3a<\/span>\u6587\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u601d\u60f3<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5b66\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u65b0\u9c9c\u611f<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u6587\u660e\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u963f\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u82ac\u7684\u300a\u86d9\u300b\u7b49\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u57c3\u65af\u5e93\u7f57\u65af\uff08\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u548c\u6b27\u91cc\u5e87\u5f97\u65af\uff08\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u9898\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u620f\u5267\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u559c\u5267\u5bb6\u963f\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u82ac\u88ab\u8d5e\u626c\u517c\u5177\u8bd7\u610f\u548c\u6b22\u7b11\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u4e5f\u662f<\/span>\u6563\u6587<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u5982\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\uff08\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff09\u548c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff08\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ecd\u5177\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\uff09\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u6355\u6349\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684<\/span>\u521b\u59cb\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u662f\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\uff0c\u96c6\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3001\u519b\u4eba\u3001\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e8e\u4e00\u8eab\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6760\u6746\u539f\u7406\u3002\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u79d1\u5b66\u9762\u4e34\u7740<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u51b2\u7a81<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95<\/span>\/<\/span>\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u7ec8\u8870\u843d\u548c\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002<\/span>Dickinson<\/span>\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u4e0e\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a<\/span>–<\/span>\u7f57\u9a6c\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u9053\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u5c06\u4f26\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u8c03\u548c\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u56db\u3001\u300a\u5b97\u6559\uff1a\u6279\u5224\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u300b\uff08<\/span>Religion: A Criticism and a Forecast<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u968f\u7b14\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u8bba\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> Dickinson<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f<\/span>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06<\/span>\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u58f0\u79f0\u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u771f\u7406<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc9\u8bf8\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u4e60\u4fd7\u6765\u4f20\u64ad\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bd5\u56fe\u6545\u610f\u56fa\u5316\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5bf9\u7406\u6027\u514d\u75ab\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u80fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u627c\u6740\u7406\u6027\u3001\u963b\u788d\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e8b\u5148\u9ebb\u75f9\u53ef\u80fd\u5e72\u6270\uff08\u65e2\u6709\u6c1b\u56f4\uff09\u7684\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c06\u7406\u6027\u548c\u624d\u80fd\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u904f\u5236\u589e\u957f\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e94\u662f\u5982\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u5065\u5eb7\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u89e3\u529b\uff0c\u8ba9\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u8bba\u542f\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> Dickinson<\/span>\u8d28\u7591<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u542f\u793a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u771f\u4f2a\u5fc5\u987b\u7531<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u6279\u5224<\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u542f\u793a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u77ac\u95f4\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u6216<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7688\u4f9d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u60c5\u611f\u53cd\u6620\u6216\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u65e0\u5f02\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u6279\u5224\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u804c\u80fd<\/span>\u4e0d\u5e94\u662f\u5ba3\u544a\u5173\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u771f\u7406<\/span><\/strong>\uff1b\u90a3\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u8bba\u5b97\u6559\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u5b97\u6559\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7684<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u5f62\u52bf<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3a\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u3002\u771f\u7406\u5c5e\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u5b97\u6559\u5c5e\u4e8e\u60f3\u8c61\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e16\u754c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u51b7\u6f20\u6216\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a<\/span>\u6311\u6218<\/span><\/strong>\u6216<\/span>\u5f03\u7edd<\/span><\/strong>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e16\u754c\u671d\u5411\u826f\u5584\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u5219\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a<\/span>\u4e50\u89c2<\/span><\/strong>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u8bc6\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u5219\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u661f\u5149\u9ec4\u660f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u822c\u7684\u5192\u9669\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u6539\u9769\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u751f\u547d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u4e2d\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u4eea\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u8bba\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> Dickinson<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u771f\u7406\u82e5\u53ef\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06<\/span>\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Faith<\/span>\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u4e0a\u7684\u5047\u8bbe<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u532e\u4e4f\u4e2d\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e8b\u7269<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u503c\u5f97\u4ed8\u51fa<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>worth-whileness<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6307\u5bfc\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5fc5\u987b\u5728<\/span>\u672a\u88ab\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/strong>\u5185\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u65f6\u51c6\u5907\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u8ba9\u4f4d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4fbf\u662f\u6700\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u60f3\u8c61\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5f00\u653e\u5730\u5e73\u7ebf\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u53ec\u5524<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e94\u3001\u300a\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u4e0d\u673d\u300b\uff08<\/span>Religion and Immortality<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282 \u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u6b63\u5728<\/span>\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7684<\/span>\u795e\u8bdd<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u88ab\u6559\u4e49\u56fa\u5316\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\uff08\u5982\u521b\u4e16\u8bba\uff09\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u89c2\uff08\u5982\u539f\u7f6a\uff09\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u53ef\u4fe1\u6216\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u4e0e\u5b87\u5b99\u76f8\u534f\u8c03<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u5c0a\u91cd<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282 \u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e0d\u673d\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u6d3b\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u503c\u5f97\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u7406\u6027\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e16\u754c\u662f<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u671d\u5411\u826f\u597d\u76ee\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u79cd\u65cf\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u8981\u6301\u7eed\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5047\u8bbe\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u73b0\u4e16\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u4e0d\u673d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282 \u4e0d\u673d\u662f\u5426\u503c\u5f97\u671f\u671b\uff1f<\/span><\/strong> (1909<\/span>\u5e74\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u683c\u7d22\u5c14\u8bb2\u5ea7<\/span>)<\/span>\u3002<\/span>Dickinson<\/span>\u5c06\u4e0d\u673d\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u79d1\u5b66\u5426\u5b9a\u4e0d\u673d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fc3\u667a\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1b\u8089\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u662f<\/span>\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u5c45\u6240<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5c3c\u91c7\u7684<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u6c38\u6052\u8f6e\u56de<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>eternal
\nrecurrence<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u6709\u5bf9\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u751f\u547d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u624d\u662f\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0d\u673d\u89c2<\/span>**<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u542b\u5730\u72f1\u548c\u6c38\u6052\u60e9\u7f5a\uff09\u56e0\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5bf9\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u800c\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u673d\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u671f\u671b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7075\u9b42<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u603b\u662f\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u66f4\u591a\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u751f\u547d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u73b0\u4e16\u4e2d\u672a\u66fe\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u503c\u5f97\u671f\u671b\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span><\/strong>\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728<\/span>**<\/span>\uff0c\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u5c55\u5f00\u826f\u5584\u6f5c\u80fd\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u8282 \u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\uff08\u7b14\u8bb0\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> \u672c\u8282\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u77e5\u89c9\u4e0e\u60f3\u8c61\u754c\u9650\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f53\u8ba4\u5230\u4e07\u7269\u7686\u6709\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u88ab\u8ffd\u6c42\u826f\u5584\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6240\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0d\u548c\u8c10\u8d70\u5411\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u4eba\u88ab\u56da\u7981\u4e8e\u8089\u4f53\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u6709<\/span>\u6b7b\u4ea1\u624d\u80fd\u6253\u7834\u7262\u7b3c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u7075\u9b42\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u6f5c\u80fd\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u987e\u524d\u4e16\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u611f\u53d7\u65e5\u51fa\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u5e76\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7075\u9b42\u6323\u8131\u8089\u4f53\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

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