{"id":1440,"date":"2025-10-27T05:01:39","date_gmt":"2025-10-26T21:01:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1440"},"modified":"2025-10-27T05:01:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-26T21:01:39","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e5%9c%b0%e6%a0%87%e3%80%8blandmarks-of-world-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1440","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u6807\u300bLandmarks of World History"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0151<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u6807\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span>Landmarks of World History<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u6807\u300b\u4ee5\u7ae0\u8282\u5217\u8868\u548c\u6587\u672c\u8282\u9009\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u5168\u9762\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece<\/span>\u53f2\u524d\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u72e9\u730e\u8005\u548c\u519c\u6c11\uff09\u5230<\/span>\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5174\u8d77<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u548c\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u57ce\u5e02\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u5230<\/span>\u91cd\u8981\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u4eba\u7269<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u5927\u5e1d\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u3001\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u548c\u51b7\u6218\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span>\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u7740\u91cd\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5370\u5237\u672f\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\u7b49\u63a8\u52a8<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u683c\u5c40\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7531<\/span>C. S. S. Higham<\/span>\u64b0\u5199\uff0c<\/span>Winifred
\nTownshend<\/span>\u914d\u56fe\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u63d2\u56fe\u4e0e\u6587\u5b57\u53d9\u8ff0\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u800c\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c<\/span> (Chapters 1\u201317)<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>1<\/span>\u7ae0 \u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u730e\u4eba<\/span> (The First Men were Hunters) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>1<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u672c\u7ae0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9aa8\u5934\u3001\u53e4\u8001\u6d1e\u7a74\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed8\u753b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u77f3\u5236\u9524\u5b50\u548c\u65a7\u5934\u6765\u63a8\u6d4b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u72e9\u730e\u91ce\u725b\u3001\u9e7f\u548c\u91ce\u732a\u7b49\u52a8\u7269\u4e3a\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5236\u4f5c\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u4f7f\u7528\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u6728\u68cd\u548c\u77f3\u5934\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5c06\u77f3\u5934\u524a\u5c16\uff0c\u5236\u4f5c\u6210\u65a7\u5934\u3001\u9524\u5b50\u3001\u77db\u5934\u548c\u7bad\u5934\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u7528\u6469\u64e6\u6728\u68cd\u6216\u649e\u51fb\u77f3\u5934\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u706b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6d1e\u7a74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u6e29\u6696\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u706b\u716e\u98df\u8089\u7c7b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u52a8\u7269\u76ae\u6bdb\u5236\u4f5c\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u9aa8\u9488\u5c06\u5176\u7f1d\u5408\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5947\u5999\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u96d5\u523b\u548c\u7ed8\u753b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6d1e\u7a74\u4e2d\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u731b\u72b8\u8c61\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u56fe\u753b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f85\u52a9\u72e9\u730e\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9b54\u6cd5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>2<\/span>\u7ae0 \u4eba\u7c7b\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u519c\u6c11\u548c\u4f4f\u5728\u623f\u5c4b\u91cc<\/span> (How Men became Farmers
\nand Lived in Houses) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>4<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u672c\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u9972\u517b\u7272\u755c\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u730e\u4eba\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7267\u7f8a\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u8089\u3001\u5976\u548c\u76ae\u6bdb\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u7267\u7f8a\u4eba\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u6e38\u7267\u6c11<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>nomads<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u72d7\u4e5f\u88ab\u9a6f\u5316\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u770b\u62a4\u7f8a\u7fa4\u3001\u5b88\u536b\u5e10\u7bf7\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8015\u79cd\uff0c\u7528\u6728\u5934\u6216\u89d2\u7247\u5228\u571f\uff0c\u64ad\u79cd\u8c37\u7269\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7281\u3002\u8015\u79cd\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u4eec\u5b9a\u5c45\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u9020\u4f4f\u6240\uff0c\u5982\u6728\u5c4b\u3001\u77f3\u5934\u5c0f\u5c4b\uff0c\u6216\u5efa\u5728\u6c34\u4e0a\u7acb\u67f1\u4e0a\u7684\u6e14\u6751\u3002\u519c\u6c11\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u4f5c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u78e8\u5149\u548c\u6253\u78e8\u77f3\u5934\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u91d1\u5c5e\uff1a\u9ec4\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u88c5\u9970\uff1b\u94dc\u592a\u8f6f\uff1b\u94dc\u548c\u9521\u6df7\u5408\u6210\u7684<\/span>\u9752\u94dc<\/span><\/strong>\u5219\u975e\u5e38\u575a\u786c\uff0c\u53ef\u5236\u4f5c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5236\u4f5c\u9676\u5668\u548c\u7bee\u5b50\u6765\u50a8\u5b58\u8c37\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u7528\u4e9a\u9ebb\u7ec7\u5e03\u3002\u8003\u53e4\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5b89\u846c\u9996\u9886\uff0c\u5e76\u4fee\u5efa\u5e99\u5b87\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u7684<\/span>\u5de8\u77f3\u9635<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Stonehenge<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>3<\/span>\u7ae0 \u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e66\u5199<\/span> (Living in Cities and Learning
\nto Write) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>9<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>civilisation<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u804c\u4e1a\u5206\u5316\uff08\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u3001\u978b\u5320\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u5de5\u4eba\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u8212\u9002\u5ea6\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbf\u5927\u6cb3\u6cb3\u5cb8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6052\u6cb3\uff08\u5370\u5ea6\uff09\u3001\u957f\u6c5f\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u3001\u5c3c\u7f57\u6cb3\uff08\u57c3\u53ca\uff09\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u7c73\u4e9a\u7684\u4e24\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\uff08\u4eca\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\uff09\u3002\u5927\u6cb3\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6de4\u6ce5\u4f7f\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u80a5\u6c83\uff0c\u4e5f\u6613\u4e8e\u7528\u6ce5\u5df4\u5236\u4f5c\u7816\u5757\u5efa\u623f\uff0c\u6cb3\u6d41\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u8d38\u6613\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u4e66\u5199<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u662f<\/span>\u56fe\u753b\u6587\u5b57<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e70\u5356\u3002\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u838e\u8349\u7eb8\u548c\u82a6\u82c7\u7b14\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u901f\u8bb0\u5f0f\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u50e7\u4fa3\u4e66\u5199<\/span>\u201d\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>hieroglyphics<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u53d7\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u624d\u80fd\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u67d4\u8f6f\u7684\u7c98\u571f\u677f\uff0c\u7528\u5c0f\u6728\u68cd\u523b\u4e0a\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u70e4\u786c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u56fe\u753b\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u96be\u5b66\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b57\u7b26<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5c06\u56fe\u753b\u53d8\u6210<\/span>\u5b57\u6bcd<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>letters<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u753b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u4e66\u5199\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u666e\u53ca\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>4<\/span>\u7ae0 \u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u9020\u7684<\/span> (How the Pyramids were Built) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>13<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u57c3\u53ca\u6cbf\u7740<\/span>\u5c3c\u7f57\u6cb3<\/span><\/strong>\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c3c\u7f57\u6cb3\u6bcf\u5e74\u6cdb\u6ee5\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u80a5\u6c83\u6de4\u6ce5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u519c\u4e1a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u57c3\u53ca\u6c14\u5019\u5e72\u71e5\uff0c\u6cd5\u8001\uff08<\/span>Pharaohs<\/span>\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\uff09\u7684\u9675\u5893\u88ab\u4e25\u5bc6\u5c01\u5b58\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u968f\u846c\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u3001\u98df\u7269\u3001\u73a9\u5177\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u8fd8\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5c06\u5c38\u4f53\u5236\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\u6728\u4e43\u4f0a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>mummies<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5d07\u62dc\u591a\u795e\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u795e\u662f\u592a\u9633\u795e<\/span>\u62c9<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Ra<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u6b7b\u540e\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u5fc3\u810f\u8981\u4e0e\u7fbd\u6bdb\u8fdb\u884c\u79f0\u91cd\u3002\u6cd5\u8001\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9675\u5893\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u91d1\u5b57\u5854<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Pyramids<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u662f\u5951\u5965\u666e\u65af\uff08<\/span>Cheops<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>3733<\/span>\u5e74\u5efa\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u52a8\u7528\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u662f<\/span>\u72ee\u8eab\u4eba\u9762\u50cf<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Sphinx<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>5<\/span>\u7ae0 \u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u57ce\u5e02<\/span> (The River Cities of Iraq) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>18<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u662f<\/span>\u5e95\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u6cb3<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u5e7c\u53d1\u62c9\u5e95\u6cb3<\/span><\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u53e4\u79f0<\/span>\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u7c73\u4e9a<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6709\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u57ce\u5899\u548c\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u5ead\u9662\u82b1\u56ed\u3002\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8feb\u6218\u4fd8\u6210\u4e3a\u5974\u96b6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5d07\u62dc\u592a\u9633\u795e<\/span>\u9a6c\u5c14\u675c\u514b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Marduk<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u9ad8\u9ad8\u7684\u9636\u68af\u5f0f\u5854\u697c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5929\u7a7a\u3002\u796d\u53f8\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u661f\u661f\u6765\u5236\u4f5c\u65e5\u5386\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\u80fd\u591f\u5360\u535c\u672a\u6765\u3002\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f<\/span>\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56fd\u738b<\/span>\u6c49\u8c1f\u62c9\u6bd4<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Hammurabi<\/span>\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>2067-2025<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u773c\u8fd8\u773c\uff0c\u4ee5\u7259\u8fd8\u7259<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7684\u56fd\u738b<\/span>\u5c3c\u5e03\u7532\u5c3c\u6492<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Nebuchadnezzar<\/span>\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>605-561<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u63b3\u81f3\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u3002\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u4ee5\u5bbd\u9614\u7684\u57ce\u5899\u548c\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u82b1\u56ed\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u85cf\u6709\u70d8\u70e4\u8fc7\u7684\u7c98\u571f\u4e66\u677f\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u300a\u5723\u7ecf<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u65e7\u7ea6\u300b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>6<\/span>\u7ae0 \u4eba\u7c7b\u5982\u4f55\u5b66\u4f1a\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d38\u6613<\/span> (How Men Learnt to Trade by
\nSea) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>22<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u6728\u821f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6cb3\u6d41\u57ce\u5e02\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8239\u53ea\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u6355\u9c7c\u3002\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u822a\u6d77\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6c34\u57df\u5e73\u9759\u4e14\u591a\u5c9b\u5c7f\u3002\u6d77\u5458\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u6d77\u76d7\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u8d38\u6613\u5546\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u660e\u4e86<\/span>\u8d27\u5e01<\/span><\/strong>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5c06\u91d1\u94f6\u5c0f\u5757\u76d6\u4e0a\u5370\u7ae0\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u91cd\u91cf\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u7269\u7269\u4ea4\u6362\u66f4\u5feb\u6377\u3002<\/span>\u514b\u91cc\u7279\u5c9b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Crete<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u7c73\u8bfa\u65af\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5bab\u6bbf\u62e5\u6709\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\u548c\u4f9b\u6696\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d38\u6613\u6c11\u65cf\u662f<\/span>\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Phoenicians<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u57ce\u5e02<\/span>\u63a8\u7f57<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Tyre<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u5728\u5c9b\u4e0a\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u66f4\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02<\/span>\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Carthage<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u4eba\u662f\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a7f\u8fc7\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u6d77\u5ce1\uff0c\u5317\u822a\u81f3\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u83b7\u53d6\u9521\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>600<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u53d7\u57c3\u53ca\u6cd5\u8001\u59d4\u6d3e\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7ed5\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u822a\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>7<\/span>\u7ae0 \u5e73\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf<\/span> (The People of the Plains) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>27<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u8349\u539f\u4e0a\u751f\u6d3b\u7740<\/span>\u6e38\u7267\u6c11<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\uff0c\u8d76\u7740\u7272\u755c\u56db\u5904\u5bfb\u627e\u7267\u8349\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5357\u4e0b\u4fb5\u5360\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u5370\u6b27\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Indo-European<\/span>\uff09\u6216<\/span>\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Aryan<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6d45\u80a4\u8272\u3001\u91d1\u53d1\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9972\u517b\u7272\u755c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9752\u94dc\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fc1\u5f99\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u652f\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u6df1\u80a4\u8272\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5373\u540e\u6765\u7684<\/span>\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Brahmins<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u652f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u7684<\/span>\u6ce2\u65af\u6c11\u65cf<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4f0a\u6717\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u5411\u897f\u8fdb\u5165\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684<\/span>\u5e0c\u814a\u6c11\u65cf<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>8<\/span>\u7ae0 \u4e54\u8fbe\u6469\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/span> (The Story of Gautama) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>31<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>600<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143<\/span>600<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u4f5b\u9640\u3001\u5b54\u5b50\u3001\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u3001\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u4e14\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/span>\u5df1\u6240\u4e0d\u6b32\uff0c\u52ff\u65bd\u4e8e\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u4e54\u8fbe\u6469<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Gautama<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u4f5b\u9640<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Buddha<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u5317\u90e8\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba\u90e8\u65cf\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u738b\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u75db\u82e6\uff08\u75c5\u4eba\u3001\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u548c\u6b7b\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u653e\u5f03\u738b\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u751f\u547d\u7684\u771f\u8c1b\u3002\u4ed6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u82e6\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u4e0b\uff0c\u51b3\u5fc3\u627e\u5230\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u6559\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u611f\u89c9\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230<\/span>\u6d85\u69c3<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Nirvana<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u8131\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f5b\u9640\u5ba3\u626c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eba\u4eba\u7686\u5144\u5f1f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u906d\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u796d\u53f8\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u5411\u5357\u65b9\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49\u5730\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>9<\/span>\u7ae0 \u6559\u5e08\u5b54\u5b50<\/span> (Confucius the Teacher of Men) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>35<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u5b54\u5b50<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Confucius<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u4f5b\u9640\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u4ed6\u62c5\u4efb\u9c81\u56fd\u516c\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u987e\u95ee\u3002\u4ed6\u6781\u5ea6\u5c0a\u91cd\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6548\u6cd5\u5148\u8d24\uff0c\u606a\u5b88\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u793c\u4eea\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u4e0e\u4f5b\u9640\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u5c11\u5173\u6ce8\u7cbe\u795e\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u63a7\u5236\u813e\u6c14\u548c\u6b32\u671b\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7406\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6<\/span>\u8001\u5b50<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Lao Tse<\/span>\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u9053<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>The Way<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u987a\u5176\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u50cf\u82b1\u6735\u4e00\u6837\u9759\u5f85\u7f8e\u597d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>10<\/span>\u7ae0 \u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span> (The Empire of the Persians) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>39<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\uff08\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u5728<\/span>\u5c45\u9c81\u58eb<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Cyrus<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4ece\u5370\u5ea6\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u5c45\u9c81\u58eb\u901a\u8fc7\u79d8\u5bc6\u6f5c\u5165\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u57ce\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\u3002\u56fd\u738b<\/span>\u5927\u6d41\u58eb<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Darius<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u5c0a\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5927\u5e1d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>The Great King<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6ce2\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u6cbb\u7406\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u575a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u7701\u7ea7\u603b\u7763\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u94fa\u780c\u9053\u8def\u548c\u9a7f\u7ad9\u3002\u5927\u6d41\u58eb\u7684\u519b\u961f\u88c5\u5907\u7cbe\u826f\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8457\u540d\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u6b7b\u519b\u56e2<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>The Immortals<\/span>\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d34\u8eab\u536b\u961f\u3002\u5927\u6d41\u58eb\u8fdc\u5f81\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u5e02\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u6000\u6068\u5728\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>11<\/span>\u7ae0 \u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u548c\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u6218\u4e89<\/span> (The Wars of Greeks and
\nPersians) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>43<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5728\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u667a\u6167\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u6770\u51fa\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u7684<\/span>\u57ce\u90a6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>city-states<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u96c5\u5178\u662f\u8d38\u6613\u6d77\u6e2f\uff0c\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u5219\u4ee5\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u5f3a\u5065\u4f53\u9b44\u4e3a\u8363\u3002\u6ce2\u65af\u519b\u961f\u5728<\/span>\u9a6c\u62c9\u677e\u6218\u5f79<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>490 B.C.<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u88ab\u96c5\u5178\u516c\u6c11\u519b\u961f\u51fb\u8d25\u3002\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u56fd\u738b<\/span>\u859b\u897f\u65af<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Xerxes<\/span>\uff09\u7387\u9886\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5165\u4fb5\u5e0c\u814a\u3002\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4eba\u4ee5\u5c11\u80dc\u591a\u5730\u575a\u5b88\u9698\u53e3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u56e0\u53db\u5f92\u6cc4\u5bc6\u800c\u5168\u90e8\u9635\u4ea1\u3002\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u711a\u70e7\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7684\u51b3\u6218\u662f<\/span>\u8428\u62c9\u7c73\u65af\u6d77\u6218<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>480 B.C.<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u6ce2\u65af\u8230\u961f\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u859b\u897f\u65af\u64a4\u9000\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>12<\/span>\u7ae0 \u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u6559\u5bfc\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u8003<\/span> (How the Greeks taught
\nMankind to Think) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>46<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b<\/span>\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u601d\u8003<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u70ed\u7231\u7f8e\u4e3d\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3e\u529e\u5965\u6797\u5339\u514b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u795e\u5e99\u5efa\u7b51\u5b8f\u4f1f\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u67f1\u5eca\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u96d5\u50cf\u548c\u9676\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u5728\u9732\u5929\u5267\u573a\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5267\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5982\u4f55<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u89e3\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span>\u6cf0\u52d2\u65af<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Thales<\/span>\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u661f\u661f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6708\u4eae\u53cd\u5c04\u592a\u9633\u5149\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u65e5\u98df\u3002<\/span>\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Pythagoras<\/span>\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\u5730\u7403\u662f\u6f02\u6d6e\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u7403\u4f53\uff0c\u661f\u661f\u662f\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u592a\u9633\u3002<\/span>\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Socrates<\/span>\uff09\u4ee5\u5176\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u6df1\u523b\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u56e0\u88ab\u63a7\u4f7f\u4eba\u8fdc\u79bb\u795e\u7075\u800c\u88ab\u5224\u670d\u6bd2\u81ea\u5c3d\u3002\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684\u5b66\u751f<\/span>\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Plato<\/span>\uff09\u521b\u529e\u4e86<\/span>\u5b66\u56ed<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Academy<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f<\/span>\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Aristotle<\/span>\uff09\u5219\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>13<\/span>\u7ae0 \u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u5927\u5e1d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/span> (The Story of Alexander the
\nGreat) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>51<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u56fd\u738b<\/span>\u8153\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Philip<\/span>\uff09\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u90a6\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u5165\u4fb5\u6ce2\u65af\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u523a\u6740\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50<\/span>\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Alexander<\/span>\uff09\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u9057\u5fd7\u3002\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>334<\/span>\u5e74\u5165\u4fb5\u4e9a\u6d32\uff0c\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u6ce2\u65af\u5927\u5e1d<\/span>\u5927\u6d41\u58eb\u4e09\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5\u4ed6\u547d\u540d\u7684\u57ce\u5e02<\/span>\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Alexandria<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e1c\u5f81\uff0c\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u738b<\/span>\u6ce2\u9c81\u65af<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Porus<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u6218\u8c61\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u7684\u5f81\u6218\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u519b\u961f\u62d2\u7edd\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u56de\u5230\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u540e\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec5\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4f20\u64ad\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u827a\u672f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u91cc\u4e9a\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u8457\u540d\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\uff08<\/span>Euclid<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Archimedes<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u66fe\u5728\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>14<\/span>\u7ae0 \u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\uff1a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/span> (A City that became
\nan Empire. The Rise of Rome) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>56<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u7f57\u9a6c<\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u521d\u662f\u53f0\u4f2f\u6cb3\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6751\u5e84\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u8d76\u8d70\u4e86\u5916\u90a6\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u52c7\u6562\u4f46\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u6218\u58eb\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u76df\u53cb\u7eb3\u5165\u7f57\u9a6c\u516c\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u6b7b\u654c\u662f\u5bcc\u9976\u5f3a\u5927\u7684<\/span>\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u7531\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u6d77\u5546\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff09\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u660e\u6d77\u6218\u767b\u8239\u6865\u6bb5\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u3002\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u5c06\u9886<\/span>\u6c49\u5c3c\u62d4<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Hannibal<\/span>\uff09\u7387\u9886\u5927\u519b\u548c\u6218\u8c61\u7ffb\u8d8a\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u5c71\u8fdb\u653b\u7f57\u9a6c\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c06\u519b<\/span>\u6606\u514b\u5854\u6258<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Cunctator<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u7834\u574f\u6c49\u5c3c\u62d4\u7684\u98df\u7269\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u51b3\u6218\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8feb\u4f7f\u6c49\u5c3c\u62d4\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u540e\u6765\u518d\u6b21\u653b\u51fb\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\uff0c\u5c06\u57ce\u5e02\u5f7b\u5e95\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc5\u5492\u4e86\u8fd9\u7247\u571f\u5730\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u5bfc\u81f4\u5974\u96b6\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u8d2b\u519c\u5931\u5730\u6d8c\u5165\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u514d\u8d39\u98df\u7269\u548c\u5a31\u4e50\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5e73\u6c11\u3002\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5c06\u519b\u4eec\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u5c24\u5229\u4e4c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u51ef\u6492<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span>Julius Caesar<\/span>\uff09\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u51ef\u6492\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>44<\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u523a\u6740\u3002\u51ef\u6492\u7684\u4f84\u5b50<\/span>\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u90fd<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Augustus<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9996\u5e2d\u516c\u6c11<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>15<\/span>\u7ae0 \u57fa\u7763\u6559<\/span> (Christianity) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>61<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u957f\u671f\u906d\u53d7\u5f81\u670d\u3002<\/span>\u8036\u7a23<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Jesus<\/span>\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u6728\u5320\u513f\u5b50\u8eab\u4efd\u957f\u5927\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u795e\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u533b\u6cbb\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u7f57\u9a6c\u603b\u7763\u5904\u6b7b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u590d\u6d3b\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u4f20\u9053\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u57fa\u7763\u5f92<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Christians<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Paul<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u5c06\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7<\/span>300<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d<\/span>\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Constantine<\/span>\uff09\u7688\u4f9d\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff08\u516c\u5143<\/span>313<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53d8\u5f97\u6d41\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u79f0\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u4eba\u5e76\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u9075\u5b88\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>16<\/span>\u7ae0 \u7f57\u9a6c\u548c\u5e73<\/span> (Thb Roman Peace) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>64<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u90fd\u53ca\u5176\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6cb3\u6d41\u3001\u6c99\u6f20\u6216\u957f\u57ce\uff08\u5982\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8fb9\u5883\u9a7b\u624e\u7740\u7f57\u9a6c\u519b\u56e2\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\uff0c\u64c5\u957f\u4f7f\u7528\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u548c\u62f1\u95e8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u9020\u4e86<\/span>\u5f15\u6c34\u6e20<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>aqueduct<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u516c\u5171\u6d74\u573a\uff08\u7528\u4f5c\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff09\u548c\u9053\u8def\u6865\u6881\u3002<\/span>\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5b66\u4e60\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u5bf9\u5f85\u5974\u96b6\u6b8b\u9177\uff0c\u5e76\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5267\u573a\u89c2\u770b\u89d2\u6597\u58eb\u4e0e\u91ce\u517d\u6216\u4eba\u4e92\u6597\u7684\u8840\u8165\u5a31\u4e50\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u540e\u6765\u56e0\u9ad8\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u5e73\u6c11\u5bf9\u514d\u8d39\u98df\u7269\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u519b\u4e89\u593a\u5e1d\u4f4d\u800c\u8870\u843d\u3002\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7ea6\u514b\u79f0\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u90fd<\/span>\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c06\u5e1d\u56fd\u5206\u4e3a\u4e1c\u897f\u4e24\u90e8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>17<\/span>\u7ae0 \u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5<\/span> (The Barbarian Invasions) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>69<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u7f57\u9a6c\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0e\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u6709\u957f\u57ce\u4ee5\u9632\u5fa1\u6e38\u7267\u6c11\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u5c06\u6e38\u7267\u6c11\u5411\u897f\u63a8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u652f\u662f\u64c5\u957f\u9a91\u9a6c\u4f5c\u6218\u7684<\/span>\u5308\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Huns<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5f00\u59cb\u96c7\u4f63\u86ee\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u58eb\u5175\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u6218\u672f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e3a\u5c06\u519b\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u86ee\u65cf\uff08\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u4eba\u3001\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u90e8\u843d\u7b49\uff09\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7a81\u7834\u8fb9\u5883\uff0c\u70e7\u6bc1\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u571f\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5165\u4fb5\u8005\u7c97\u9c81\u4e14\u672a\u5f00\u5316\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u6587\u660e\u6210\u5c31\uff08\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u5012\u9000\u56de\u519c\u6c11\u6751\u5e84\u548c\u6218\u4e71\u7684\u5c0f\u738b\u56fd\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u7684\u50e7\u4fa3\u901a\u8fc7\u6284\u5199\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u624b\u7a3f\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u53e4\u4ee3\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u548c\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u53d1\u5c55<\/span> (Chapters 18\u201320)<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>18<\/span>\u7ae0 \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559<\/span> (Islam) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>73<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8870\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5<\/span>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Islam<\/span>\uff09\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/span>\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Muhammad<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u9ea6\u52a0\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5b89\u62c9<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Allah<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u3002\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u9003\u79bb\u9ea6\u52a0\u5230\u8fbe\u9ea6\u5730\u90a3\uff08<\/span>A.D. 622<\/span>\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7eaa\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7<\/span>\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5230\u9ea6\u52a0\uff0c\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u5076\u50cf\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519b\u961f\u968f\u540e\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u3001\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u5317\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u88ab<\/span>\u67e5\u7406<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9a6c\u7279<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Charles the Hammer<\/span>\uff0c\u5927\u9524\u67e5\u7406\uff09\u51fb\u8d25\uff08<\/span>A.D. 732<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5e1d\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5438\u6536\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u660e\u4e86<\/span>\u4ee3\u6570<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u533b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u5f88\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u5df4\u683c\u8fbe\u3001\u5f00\u7f57\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u79d1\u5c14\u591a\u74e6\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>19<\/span>\u7ae0 \u67e5\u7406\u5927\u5e1d\u6216\u67e5\u7406\u66fc<\/span> (Charles the Great or
\nCharlemagne) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>79<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u67e5\u7406\u66fc<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Charlemagne<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u4eba\u7684\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8eab\u6750\u9ad8\u5927\uff0c\u68a6\u60f3\u6062\u590d\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u4ed6\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u593a\u53d6\u571f\u5730\u3002\u968f\u7740\u897f\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u796d\u53f8<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u6559\u7687<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Pope<\/span>\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u6b27\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u9a9a\u6270\u6559\u7687\u7684\u4f26\u5df4\u7b2c\u4eba\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u52a0\u5195\u4e3a<\/span>\u7687\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>A.D. 800<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff1a\u7687\u5e1d\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e16\u4fd7\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u7edf\u6cbb\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u4e5f\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u738b\u56fd\u4e2d\u590d\u5174\u5b66\u672f\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4f7f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ed1\u6697\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5f00\u59cb\u6d88\u9000\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>20<\/span>\u7ae0 \u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u518d\u6b21\u53d8\u5f97\u6587\u660e\uff1a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span> (How Men in Europe
\nbecame Civiused again. The Middle Ages) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>82<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u5c0f\u738b\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u6d77\u76d7<\/span>\u7ef4\u4eac\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4fb5\u88ad\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u9886\u4e3b\u4ee5\u5bfb\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5728<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Middle Ages<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u90fd\u8bf4<\/span>\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5c0a\u5d07\u6559\u7687\u3002\u8d2b\u6c11\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e3a\u4e86\u593a\u56de\u5723\u57ce\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86<\/span>\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u672a\u80fd\u957f\u671f\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u56de\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e1c\u65b9\uff08\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\uff09\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u590d\u82cf\u3002\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u4f7f\u5f97\u57ce\u5e02\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u3001\u8377\u5170\u7684\u7ec7\u5e03\u57ce\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u3001\u70ed\u90a3\u4e9a\u3002\u6587\u660e\u590d\u82cf\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u5b8f\u4f1f\u7684<\/span>\u5927\u6559\u5802<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u9ad8\u9ad8\u7684\u77f3\u5236\u5c4b\u9876\u548c\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u5f69\u7ed8\u73bb\u7483\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u5728\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u6284\u5199\u624b\u7a3f\u3002<\/span>\u4fee\u58eb<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Friars<\/span>\uff09\u5e2e\u52a9\u7a77\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u534f\u52a9\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5168\u7403\u6269\u5f20\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6c\u578b<\/span> (Chapters 21\u201326)<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>21<\/span>\u7ae0 \u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u6c57\u548c\u9a6c\u53ef<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6ce2\u7f57<\/span> (How the Mongols conquered China. Kublai Khan and Marco Polo) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>88<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u8499\u53e4\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u4e9a\u6d32\u5e73\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u6e38\u7267\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4f\u5728\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u5e10\u7bf7\u6751\u843d\u91cc\u3002<\/span>\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Jenghis Khan<\/span>\uff09\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u7387\u9886\u519b\u961f\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u5317\u4e2d\u56fd\uff08\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u706b\u836f\uff09\u3001\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\uff08\u6467\u6bc1\u5df4\u683c\u8fbe\uff09\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u7684\u5b59\u5b50<\/span>\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u6c57<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Kublai Khan<\/span>\uff09\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff08\u5370\u5237\u672f\u3001\u4e1d\u7ef8\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u9676\u74f7\u3001\u6ce8\u91cd\u793c\u4eea\uff09\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5546\u4eba<\/span>\u9a6c\u53ef<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6ce2\u7f57<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Marco Polo<\/span>\uff09\u6765\u5230\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u6c57\u7684\u5bab\u5ef7\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u5411\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\uff08\u5982\u70e7\u7164\u548c\u7eb8\u5e01\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u80de\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>22<\/span>\u7ae0 \u5370\u5ea6\u5883\u5185\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u4eba<\/span> (The Mongols in India) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>94<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u53bb\u4e16\u7ea6<\/span>200<\/span>\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u83ab\u5367\u513f<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span>Mogul<\/span>\uff09\u5728<\/span>\u5df4\u5351\u5c14<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Baber<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\u8fdb\u5165\u5370\u5ea6\u3002\u5df4\u5351\u5c14\u4f7f\u7528\u706b\u70ae\uff0c\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u83ab\u5367\u513f\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u5df4\u5351\u5c14\u7684\u5b59\u5b50<\/span>\u963f\u514b\u5df4<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Akbar<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1555-1605<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u662f\u4f4d\u4f1f\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u5317\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u5584\u653f\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u884c\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5a36\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u521b\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u65b0\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4f46\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002\u963f\u514b\u5df4\u4e0d\u8bc6\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u60ca\u4eba\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u63d2\u753b\u624b\u5199\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6709\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>23<\/span>\u7ae0 \u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u73b0\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u5b66\u95ee<\/span>\u201d (How Men in Europe found out the Wisdom of the Past. The ”
\nNew Learning”) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>98<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Renaissance<\/span>\uff0c\u6216<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u8bde\u751f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u516c\u5143<\/span>1453<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u88ab\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u5360\u9886\u540e\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u5b66\u8005\u643a\u5e26\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u9003\u5f80\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u5b66\u4e60\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff0c\u9605\u8bfb\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u53ea\u542c\u4ece\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u5b66\u95ee\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u827a\u672f\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e0d\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e13\u5bb6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span>\u5217\u5965\u7eb3\u591a<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8fbe<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u82ac\u5947<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Leonardo da Vinci<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u753b\u5bb6\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6784\u601d\u4e86\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u3001\u98de\u884c\u5668\u548c\u964d\u843d\u4f1e\u3002\u5728\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\uff0c<\/span>\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Copernicus<\/span>\uff09\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u662f\u7ed5\u7740\u592a\u9633\u8f6c\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u4f3d\u5229\u7565<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Galileo<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0b\u843d\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6708\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u5c71\u8109\u548c\u6728\u661f\u7684\u536b\u661f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u6709\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8fdd\u80cc\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u8feb\u516c\u5f00\u6536\u56de\u8a00\u8bba\u3002<\/span>\u5370\u5237\u672f<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u4f7f\u5f97\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>24<\/span>\u7ae0 \u5927\u53d1\u73b0<\/span> (The Discoveries) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>104<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u7531\u4e8e\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u88ad\u51fb\u4f20\u7edf\u5546\u961f\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6025\u9700\u5bfb\u627e\u901a\u5f80\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u65b0\u822a\u7ebf\u3002\u65b0\u5b66\u95ee\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u4eea\u5668\u3001\u6307\u5357\u9488\u548c\u5730\u56fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u6c34\u624b\u3002<\/span>\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u5bb6\u3002<\/span>\u4ea8\u5229\u738b\u5b50<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Henry the Navigator<\/span>\uff09\u8d44\u52a9\u63a2\u9669\uff0c<\/span>\u5df4\u585e\u7f57\u7f2a<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8fea\u4e9a\u58eb<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Bartholomew Diaz<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e<\/span>1486<\/span>\u5e74\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e86\u597d\u671b\u89d2\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6c34\u624b<\/span>\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Christopher Columbus<\/span>\uff09\u786e\u4fe1\u5411\u897f\u822a\u884c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\u5370\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e<\/span>1492<\/span>\u5e74\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u81f3\u6b7b\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u53bb\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u65b0\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u4e94\u5e74\u540e\uff0c<\/span>\u74e6\u65af\u79d1<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8fbe<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4f3d\u9a6c<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Vasco da Gama<\/span>\uff09\u7ed5\u8fc7\u597d\u671b\u89d2\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u3002\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u9999\u6599\u7fa4\u5c9b\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6fb3\u95e8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8d38\u6613\u7ad9\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u8377\u5170\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6d3e\u8239\u524d\u5f80\u4e1c\u65b9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>25<\/span>\u7ae0 \u67e5\u7406\u4e94\u4e16\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<\/span> (Charles the Fifth and the
\nReformation) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>109<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u548c\u79d8\u9c81\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\uff08\u540e\u6765\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u5974\u96b6\uff09\u5728\u91d1\u94f6\u77ff\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56e0\u6b64\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5bcc\u6709\u3002<\/span>\u67e5\u7406\u4e94\u4e16<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Charles the Fifth<\/span>\uff09\u7edf\u6cbb\u7740\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u8377\u5170<\/span>\/<\/span>\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\uff08\u4f4e\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u5fb7\u56fd\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u62e5\u6709\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5934\u8854\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u5b66\u95ee\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u795e\u7236<\/span>\u9a6c\u4e01<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8def\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Martin Luther<\/span>\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u8d28\u7591\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Reformation<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5fb7\u56fd\u8bf8\u4faf\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u7687\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u4e94\u4e16\u65e0\u529b\u963b\u6b62\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7edd\u671b\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u9690\u5c45\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u3002\u4f4e\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5317\u90e8\uff08<\/span>\u8377\u5170<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5c06\u6b27\u6d32\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a<\/span>\u5929\u4e3b\u6559<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Catholic<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u65b0\u6559<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Protestant<\/span>\uff09\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>26<\/span>\u7ae0 \u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4f1f\u5927<\/span> (Louis the Fourteenth and the
\nGreatness of France) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>113<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Louis the Fourteenth<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u519b\u961f\u548c\u6d77\u519b\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u9886\u571f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u5f00\u652f\u548c\u91cd\u7a0e\u4f7f\u5f97\u519c\u6c11\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u8d38\u6613\u8870\u9000\u3002\u4ed6\u6781\u5ea6\u81ea\u50b2\uff0c\u5728<\/span>\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Versailles<\/span>\uff09\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u5b8f\u4f1f\u7684\u5bab\u6bbf\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u60b2\u60e8\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u5265\u524a\u548c\u9965\u997f\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f0f\u7b14\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c<\/span> (Chapters 27\u201335)<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/h4>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>27<\/span>\u7ae0 \u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/span> (The Story of Napoleon) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>117<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u53bb\u4e16\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u5931\u8d25\u548c\u82db\u6350\u6742\u7a0e\u4f7f\u5f97\u6cd5\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u9677\u5165\u7edd\u671b\u3002<\/span>1789<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u53ec\u5f00\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5904\u51b3\u4e86\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u542f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5982<\/span>\u5362\u68ad<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Rousseau<\/span>\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u541b\u6743\u5e94\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u535a\u7231<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u79d1\u897f\u5609\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u519b\u5b98<\/span>\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Napoleon Bonaparte<\/span>\uff09\u56e0\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u81ea\u7acb\u4e3a<\/span>\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u7687\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u51fb\u8d25\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff08<\/span>\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a<\/span><\/strong>\u5c06\u519b\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5927\u9646\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c01\u9501\u3002\u4ed6\u5165\u4fb5\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e25\u5bd2\u548c\u4fc4\u519b\u6218\u672f\uff0c\u5927\u519b\u6e83\u8d25\u3002\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7fa4\u8d77\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6700\u7ec8\u5728<\/span>\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Waterloo<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1815<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\u6218\u8d25\u5e76\u88ab\u6d41\u653e\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6cbf\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>28<\/span>\u7ae0 \u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/span> (The Growth of Germany) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>122<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u7531\u4e8e\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u957f\u671f\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u5c0f\u56fd\u3002\u5317\u65b9\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684<\/span>\u666e\u9c81\u58eb<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Prussia<\/span>\uff09\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u5927\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u6000\u6068\u5728\u5fc3\u3002\u5728<\/span>\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Prince Bismarck<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u65e8\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u7b56\u5212\u4e86<\/span>1870<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<\/span>\u666e\u6cd5\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u60e8\u8d25\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u8bf8\u4faf\u5728\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u5bab\u5ba3\u5e03\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u56fd\u738b\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7687\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\uff08\u65b0\u836f\u7269\u3001\u94a2\u94c1\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u5de5\u4e1a\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u8230\u961f\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6124\u6012\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\uff08<\/span>1914-1918<\/span>\uff09\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6218\u8d25\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c<\/span>\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Nazi<\/span>\uff09\u5728<\/span>\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Hitler<\/span>\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u590d\u4ec7\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\uff08<\/span>1939-1945<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6218\u540e\u5fb7\u56fd\u88ab\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4e1c\u90e8\u88ab\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u897f\u90e8\u88ab\u82f1\u6cd5\u7f8e\u5360\u9886\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>29<\/span>\u7ae0 \u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span> (Russia) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>128<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a2a\u8de8\u6b27\u4e9a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u3001\u5bd2\u51b7\u7684\u5e73\u539f\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u6c99\u7687<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Czars<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5f7c\u5f97\u5927\u5e1d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Peter the Great<\/span>\uff0c\u7ea6<\/span>200<\/span>\u5e74\u524d\uff09\u66fe\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u9020\u8239\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u548c\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u6743\u529b\u4e13\u5236\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u5217\u5f3a\u56e0\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u89ca\u89ce\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u548c\u5411\u5370\u5ea6\u6269\u5f20\u800c\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5fc3\u5b58\u8b66\u60d5\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u53e3\u662f\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e14\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8981\u6c42\u5206\u4eab\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u52a8\u4e71\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728<\/span>1905<\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u51fb\u8d25\u3002\u4e00\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5f31\u5c0f\u7684\u6c99\u7687\u653f\u6743\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c<\/span>\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Bolsheviks<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1917<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u638c\u6743\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u884c<\/span>\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6d41\u8840\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u9635\u8425\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u51b7\u6218<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>30<\/span>\u7ae0 \u6c89\u7761\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u88ab\u5524\u9192<\/span> (Japan Wakes Up) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>133<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u52e4\u594b\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u5b64\u7acb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\u5546\u8239\u5e0c\u671b\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728<\/span>1854<\/span>\u5e74\u6d3e\u9063\u519b\u8230\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u65e5\u672c\u5f00\u653e\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6d3e\u6570\u5343\u5b66\u751f\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u4e60\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u5f0f\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u8230\u961f\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6218\u6b7b\u6c99\u573a\u4e3a\u8363\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u53c8\u5728<\/span>1904-1905<\/span>\u5e74\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u4fc4\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fb\u8d25\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5b66\u4e60\u897f\u65b9\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u5de5\u8d44\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u54c1\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4ef7\u9500\u5f80\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8d38\u6613\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8b66\u60d5\u3002<\/span>1941<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5077\u88ad\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8fc5\u901f\u5f81\u670d\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5927\u7247\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u6218\u8d25\u6295\u964d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>31<\/span>\u7ae0 \u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd<\/span> (The United States of America) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>136<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7531<\/span>13<\/span>\u4e2a\u82f1\u5c5e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e8e<\/span>170<\/span>\u5e74\u524d\u8131\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u5411\u897f\u90e8\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u51b2\u7a81\u662f<\/span>\u5185\u6218<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>1860-1865<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u5728<\/span>\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6797\u80af<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Abraham Lincoln<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u4f9d\u8d56\u9ed1\u5974\u7684\u5357\u65b9\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u5974\u96b6\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u3001\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>mass
\nproduction<\/span>\uff09\u8fc5\u901f\u81f4\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u88ab\u673a\u5668\u5974\u5f79\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5546\u54c1\u5206\u914d\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u5236\u9020\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u89c6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff08\u5982\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\uff09\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8001\u5927\u54e5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u907f\u514d\u5377\u5165\u6b27\u6d32\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65e7\u4e16\u754c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u5377\u5165\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3002\u4e00\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7f57<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u603b\u7edf\u8bd5\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>League of Nations<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u83b7\u56fd\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u8054\u5408\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\u52aa\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>32<\/span>\u7ae0 \u82f1\u8054\u90a6<\/span> (The British Commonwealth of
\nNations) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>141<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u539f\u5148\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u73b0\u5728\u662f<\/span>\u82f1\u8054\u90a6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>British Commonwealth of Nations<\/span>\uff09\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Dominions<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u53cb\u8c0a\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u4e3a\u5143\u9996\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n\t\t\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Canada<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6cbb\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Union of South Africa<\/span>\uff09\u6700\u521d\u7531\u8377\u5170\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u540e\u88ab\u82f1\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u3002\u8377\u5170\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8fc7\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Australia<\/span>\uff09\u6700\u521d\u662f\u6d41\u653e\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u540e\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u6d8c\u5165\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u7267\u7f8a\u4e1a\u548c\u91c7\u77ff\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span>1901<\/span>\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u8054\u90a6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t\u65b0\u897f\u5170<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>New Zealand<\/span>\uff09\u666f\u8272\u79c0\u4e3d\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u7684<\/span>\u6bdb\u5229\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Maoris<\/span>\uff09\u53cb\u597d\u5171\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t\u5370\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>India<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u540e\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span>1947<\/span>\u5e74\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b0\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\uff1a<\/span>\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u5370\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u9521\u5170<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Ceylon<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e9a\u6d32\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c<\/span>33<\/span>\u7ae0 \u65b0\u975e\u6d32<\/span> (The New Africa) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>146<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u5185\u9646\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4eba\u77e5\u6653\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u3001\u8377\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u5411\u5185\u9646\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e<\/span>\u73ed\u56fe\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>Bantu<\/span>\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u66fe\u6df1\u53d7<\/span>\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4f20\u6559\u58eb<\/span>\u5927\u536b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5229\u6587\u65af\u901a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>David Livingstone<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8d5e\u6bd4\u897f\u6cb3\u548c\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u7011\u5e03\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6050\u6016\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u9547\u538b\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u5728<\/span>1884-1885<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<\/span>\u67cf\u6797\u4f1a\u8bae<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0a\u74dc\u5206\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u3002\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u533b\u9662\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u767d\u4eba\uff0c<\/span>\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\u4e5f\u6765\u5230\u4e1c\u975e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u94c1\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u6b63\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c<\/span>34<\/span>\u7ae0 \u4eca\u65e5\u4e16\u754c<\/span> (The World To-day) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>149<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u96be\u9898\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08<\/span>nation-states<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u9a84\u50b2\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u6b32\u671b\u548c\u5bf9\u90bb\u56fd\u7684\u5ac9\u5992\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u5f15\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>League of Nations<\/span>\uff09\u6765\u907f\u514d\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u56fd\uff08\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\u7684\u7f3a\u5e2d\u548c\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\u800c\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u8054\u5408\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\u8d1f\u6709\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684<\/span>\u5931\u4e1a<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u5546\u54c1\u5206\u914d<\/span><\/strong>\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u7c7b\u4eff\u4f5b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u5546\u54c1\u5f81\u7a0e\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u672c\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c<\/span>35<\/span>\u7ae0 \u5f88\u4e45\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u8868<\/span> (Long, Long Ago, A Note on
    \nTime Charts) (<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>151<\/span>\u9875<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u672c\u7ae0\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u7684\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5<\/span>\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff1a\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a<\/span>A.D.<\/span>\uff08\u4e3b\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>Anno Domini<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a<\/span>B.C.<\/span>\uff08\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c<\/span>Before Christ<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u5411\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\uff08<\/span>Time Chart<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5<\/span>100<\/span>\u5e74\u6216<\/span>1000<\/span>\u5e74\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u65e5\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>3733<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u6807\u8bb0\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u663e\u793a\u51fa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53f2\u524d\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u60a0\u4e45\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t