{"id":1422,"date":"2025-10-26T07:14:27","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T23:14:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1422"},"modified":"2025-10-26T07:14:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-25T23:14:27","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%80%b6%e7%a8%a3%e5%9f%ba%e7%9d%a3%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e5%ae%97%e6%95%99%e3%80%8b-jesus-christ-and-the-worlds-religions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1422","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5b97\u6559\u300b Jesus Christ and the World’s Religions"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0149<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5b97\u6559\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tJesus
\nChrist and the World’s Religions<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5b97\u6559\u300b\u7684\u4e66\u7684\u8282\u9009\uff0c<\/span>\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u8981\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6587\u672c\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86<\/span>\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u4ee5\u6050\u60e7\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u4e07\u7269\u6709\u7075\u8bba\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u4e49\uff08\u5982\u5bf9\u72ec\u4e00\u771f\u795e\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff09\u3001\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u7f3a\u9677\uff1b\u968f\u540e\u662f\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u5370\u5ea6\u6559<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u300a\u5420\u9640\u7ecf\u300b\u3001\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u4e1a\u529b\uff08<\/span>Karma<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u89e3\u8131\uff08<\/span>Moksha<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u6587\u672c\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u4f5b\u6559<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ece\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u56db\u5723\u8c1b\u548c\u6d85\u69c3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5112\u6559\u3001\u9053\u6559\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u65e5\u672c<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u795e\u9053\u6559\u548c\u672c\u571f\u4f5b\u6559\u5b97\u6d3e\u3002\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\uff0c<\/span>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u5176\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u6551\u8d4e\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u6765\u56de\u5e94\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7cbe\u795e\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5b97\u6559\u300b\uff08<\/span>Jesus Christ and the World’s Religions<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u7531\u5a01\u5ec9<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4f69\u987f\uff08<\/span>William Paton, M.A.<\/span>\uff09\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u4e8e<\/span> 1916 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 11 <\/span>\u6708\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\u4e8e<\/span> 1927 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 9 <\/span>\u6708\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e0c\u671b\u7b80\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u7b80\u660e\u627c\u8981\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7bc7\u5e45\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u529b\u6c42\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u5e45\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u80fd\u591f\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u542f\u793a\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u6b23\u8d4f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u603b\u89c8<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5a01\u671b\u4e0b\u964d\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u660e\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6311\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u52aa\u529b\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u9610\u91ca\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5a01\u5ec9<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4f69\u987f\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9488\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u8981\u5b97\u6559\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u539f\u59cb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5e94\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7ed9\u539f\u59cb\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span> (The Message of Christianity to Primitive
\nPeoples)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u5f00\u7bc7\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u8bba\u6587\u5316\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u90fd\u666e\u904d\u5177\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u975e\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u548c\u6700\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u656c\u62dc\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u613f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u611f\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5d07\u62dc\u7cbe\u7075<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Animism<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cbe\u7075\u5305\u62ec\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff08\u5c71\u3001\u6d77\u3001\u68ee\u6797\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u7075\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7269\uff08<\/span>fetishes<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u68a6\u5883\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u7075\u9b42\u89c6\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u79bb\u5f00\u8eab\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u6050\u60e7\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u732e\u796d\u6765\u907f\u514d\u7cbe\u7075\u7684\u6076\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<\/span>\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b97\u6559\u6170\u85c9<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u7948\u7977\u548c\u732e\u796d\u6240\u6c42\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7f3a\u4e4f\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5584\u6076<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u843d\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u800c\u7cbe\u7075\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u90aa\u6076\u6216\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u90e8\u843d\u751f\u6d3b\u7d27\u5bc6\u4ea4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8ff7\u4fe1\u6709\u65f6\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9632\u6b62\u5f31\u8005\u88ab\u6b3a\u8d1f\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u592b\u591a\u59bb\u5236\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u548c\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u7684\u6076\u52a3\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5e26\u6765\u4e86<\/span>\u4e00\u4f4d\u6148\u7231\u4e14\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6050\u60e7\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u53cb\u5584\u4e14\u5927\u80fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6551\u8d4e\u4e3b\u8981\u610f\u5473\u7740<\/span>\u4ece\u90aa\u7075\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e2d\u88ab\u89e3\u6551\u51fa\u6765<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6bd4\u6076\u9b54\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u90aa\u7075\u4fbf\u4e0d\u518d\u62e5\u6709\u8f96\u5236\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u660e\u767d\u7f6a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u6551\u4ed6\u4eec\u8131\u79bb\u6076\u9b54\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u6551\u4ed6\u4eec\u8131\u79bb\u7f6a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c<\/span>\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bf9\u6c38\u751f\u7684\u5e0c\u671b<\/span><\/b>\u4e5f\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ea\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u548c\u82cd\u767d\u6765\u4e16\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7ed9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span> (The Message of Christianity to Moslems)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u6700\u665a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u660e\u786e\u5730\u62d2\u7edd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7f6e\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7ed9\u4e16\u754c\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6700\u7ec8\u8bdd\u8bed<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u90e8\u843d\u591a\u795e\u8bba\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7cbe\u7075<\/span>\/Jinns\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b89\u62c9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Allah<\/span>\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u795e\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u51f8\u663e\u3002\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\uff08\u751f\u4e8e\u7ea6<\/span> A.D. 570 <\/span>\u5e74\uff09
\n\u5728\u9ea6\u52a0\uff08<\/span>Mecca<\/span>\uff09\u4f20\u6559\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u540e\u9003\u5f80\u9ea6\u5730\u90a3\uff08<\/span>Medina<\/span>\uff09\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e0c\u5409\u62c9<\/span>\/Hegira\u201d<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6210\u4e3a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8ba1\u53f2\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u9ea6\u5730\u90a3\uff0c\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u9886\u8896\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dc\u4eea\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u4eb2\u543b\u9ed1\u77f3\u3001\u73af\u7ed5\u514b\u5c14\u767d<\/span>\/Kaaba<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e07\u7269\u975e\u4e3b\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5b89\u62c9\uff1b\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u72ec\u4e00\u6027\u548c\u4e3b\u6743\u6000\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u4e0e\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u7236\u795e\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a\u5b89\u62c9\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u795e\u5723<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Holy<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u683c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u65e0\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b8c\u5168\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u7236\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4eb5\u6e0e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t**\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u548c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/span>**<\/span>\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u793e\u4f1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u53e3\u5934\u65e0\u8bef\u4e14\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u5939\u6742\u7740\u9053\u5fb7\u5f31\u70b9\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u89c1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u5929\u5802\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u4eab\u53d7\u63cf\u8ff0\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/span><\/b>\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4f4e\u52a3\u770b\u6cd5\uff08\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u53ea\u662f\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u592b\u591a\u59bb\u5236\u4e0a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u548c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u8fd9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u548c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u88ab\u795e\u5316\u3001\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u82cf\u83f2\u6d3e\uff0c\u5fb7\u5c14\u7ef4\u5e0c<\/span>\/Dervishes<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\uff08<\/span>Shi\u2019ite<\/span>\uff09\u5bf9\u8d4e\u7f6a\uff08\u963f\u8a07\u54c8\u6851\u548c\u4faf\u8d5b\u56e0\u7684\u727a\u7272\uff09\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c2\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7531\u4e8e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f<\/span>\u7231\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f20\u6559\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u533b\u9662\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u54c1\u683c<\/span><\/b>\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6781\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u7763\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u54c1\u683c\uff08\u7236\u7231\uff09\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684<\/span>\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u6559\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u7231\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u5723\u5b50\u4e2d\u5206\u4eab\u795e\u5723\u751f\u547d\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u64bc\u52a8\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u9759\u6b62\u6587\u660e\u548c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5426\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u771f\u7406\u4f1a\u5207\u65ad\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7ed9\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span> (The Message of Christianity to India)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5370\u5ea6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85\u7cbe\u795e\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dc\u3001\u9ad8\u6df1\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u771f\u6b63\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u65e9\u671f\u7ecf\u5178\uff08\u5420\u9640<\/span>\/Vedas<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span> 1500 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u5b97\u6559<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5d07\u62dc\u81ea\u7136\u795e\uff08\u5982\u4f10\u697c\u90a3<\/span>\/Varuna<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u9640\u7f57<\/span>\/Indra<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d5e\u7f8e\u8bd7\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e00\u795e\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u8d70\u5411<\/span>\u6cdb\u795e\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Pantheism<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u795e\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u3002 <\/span>\u540e\u671f\u7ecf\u5178\uff08\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u4e66<\/span>\/Brahmanas <\/span>\u548c\u5965\u4e49\u4e66<\/span>\/Upanishads<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5f3a\u8c03\u796d\u53f8\u9636\u5c42\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u68b5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Brahma<\/span>\uff0c\u4e2d\u6027\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u683c\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4eba\u9b42\uff08<\/span>atma<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff08<\/span>Paramatma<\/span>\uff09\u540c\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>Caste<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\uff08\u796d\u53f8\uff09\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u79cd\u59d3\u3002\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u7981\u5fcc\u3001\u80a4\u8272\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u6781\u5176\u68ee\u4e25\uff0c\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6700\u5927\u67b7\u9501\u3002\u8d31\u6c11\uff08<\/span>Outcastes<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u89e6\u6478\u6216\u9760\u8fd1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6c61\u67d3\u79cd\u59d3\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e09\u5927\u6559\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u8f6e\u56de\uff08<\/span>Samsara\/Wandering<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7075\u9b42\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u547d\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\uff08\u4eba\u6216\u52a8\u7269\uff09\u4e2d\u5f98\u5f8a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u4e1a\u529b\uff08<\/span>Karma\/Works<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5883\u51b5\u3002\u4e1a\u529b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6551\u8d4e\u6216\u5bbd\u6055\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5173\u7167\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u89e3\u8131\uff08<\/span>Moksha\/Release<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9003\u79bb\u8f6e\u56de\u548c\u4e1a\u529b\u4e4b\u94fe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u6536\u878d\u5165\u81f3\u9ad8\u672c\u4f53\uff08\u68b5\uff09\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u5723\u7684\u542f\u793a\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5584\u529f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u963f\u51e1\u8fbe\uff08<\/span>Avatar\/<\/span>\u5316\u8eab\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u516c\u5143<\/span> 500 <\/span>\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u4f5b\u6559\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u51b7\u6de1\u9053\u5fb7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5b97\u6559\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5316\u8eab\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6bd7\u6e7f\u5974\uff08<\/span>Vishnu<\/span>\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u795e\uff09\u548c\u6e7f\u5a46\uff08<\/span>Siva<\/span>\uff0c\u6bc1\u706d\u795e\uff09\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u300a\u8584\u4f3d\u68b5\u6b4c\u300b\uff08<\/span>Bhagavad-gita<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u5c06\u514b\u91cc\u5e0c\u7eb3\uff08<\/span>Krishna<\/span>\uff09\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\u81f3\u9ad8\u8005\u7684\u5316\u8eab\uff0c\u6559\u5bfc<\/span>\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7231\u800c\u5c65\u884c\u804c\u8d23<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5316\u8eab\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5371\u9669\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u82f1\u96c4\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u826f\u83a0\u4e0d\u9f50\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u5dee\u5f02\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u795e\u7075\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u795e\u8c31\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u540e\u671f\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1a<\/span><\/b> 9 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5546\u7faf\u7f57\uff08<\/span>Sankaracharya<\/span>\uff09\u7684<\/span>**<\/span>\u5420\u6a80\u591a\u54f2\u5b66\uff08<\/span>Vedanta<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u5c06\u5b87\u5b99\u89c6\u4e3a\u5e7b\u89c9\uff08<\/span>Maya<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u89e3\u8131\u5728\u4e8e\u6253\u7834\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u68b5\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u516c\u5143<\/span> 1400-1800 <\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c<\/span>**<\/span>\u8654\u8bda\u6d3e\uff08<\/span>Bhakti<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5d07\u62dc\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8654\u8bda\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8d31\u6c11\u7684\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/b>\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53d1\u5c55\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ecd\u662f<\/span>\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc\uff08<\/span>Animism<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u72b6\u51b5\u90fd\u6781\u4e3a\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u6b63\u7edf\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u5e26\u6765\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u503e\u5411\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u683c\u4e16\u754c\u7cbe\u795e<\/span> vs. <\/span>\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u8eab\uff09\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u542f\u793a\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e2\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u3001\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7942\u7684\u7231\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u5e26\u6765\u5bbd\u6055\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5370\u5ea6\u6e34\u671b\u6551\u8d4e\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u5e7b\u89c9\u4e2d\u89e3\u8131\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ece\u7f6a\u7684\u6743\u52bf\u548c\u7f6a\u759a\u4e2d\u89e3\u8131\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u5bbd\u6055\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u7eb5\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5fc3\u4e2d\u627f\u62c5\u7f6a\u5b7d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    3. \n\t\t\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u54c1\u683c\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u8c26\u900a\u548c\u7231\u6df1\u6df1\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    4. \n\t\t\u5e26\u6765\u5f1f\u5144\u60c5\u8c0a\uff08<\/span>Brotherhood<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u60c5\u8c0a\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5bf9\u5426\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8d31\u6c11\u5927\u91cf\u6d8c\u5165\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    5. \n\t\t\u5e26\u6765\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e8\u610f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u57fa\u7763\u80fd\u5c06\u5370\u5ea6\u4ece\u5bf9\u73b0\u4e16\u7684\u60b2\u89c2\u684e\u688f\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u548c\u6551\u6069\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7ed9\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span> (The Message of Christianity to Buddhism)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u5168\u7403\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4f46\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\u5177\u6709\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u5206\u4e3a\u5357\u5317\u4e24\u5927\u6d3e\u7cfb\uff08\u5927\u4e58<\/span>\/Mahayana<\/span>\u548c\u5c0f\u4e58<\/span>\/Hinayana<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u539f\u59cb\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5357\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff08\u91ca\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c<\/span>\/Gautama<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u751f\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span> 6 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u6216<\/span> 5 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u3002\u653e\u5f03\u738b\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6295\u8eab\u82e6\u884c\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u7c7b\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u83e9\u63d0\u6811\u4e0b\u5f00\u609f\uff1a<\/span>\u75db\u82e6\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6e34\u671b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Desire<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5728\u4fee\u517b\u548c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7231\u53ef\u4ee5\u8131\u79bb\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6446\u8131\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bc5\u5492\u3002\u4ed6\u7528<\/span> 45 <\/span>\u5e74\u4f20\u9053\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u50e7\u56e2\uff08<\/span>Sangha<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u5bfc\u95e8\u5f92\u5173\u6ce8\u4ed6\u6240\u4f20\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u771f\u7406<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u800c\u975e\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u56db\u5723\u8c1b\uff08<\/span>Four Truths<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> 1. \u75db\u82e6\uff08<\/span>Suffering<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>2. <\/span>\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6e34\u671b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d2a\u604b\uff09\u3002<\/span>3. <\/span>\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u6b62\u606f\uff08\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u7184\u706d\uff09\u3002<\/span>4. <\/span>\u6b62\u606f\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span>\u516b\u6b63\u9053\uff08<\/span>Noble Eightfold Way<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002 <\/span>\u4e1a\u529b\uff08<\/span>Karma<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5b\u9640\u5426\u8ba4<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7075\u9b42<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6216<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u6211<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6e34\u671b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0e\u524d\u4e16\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4e1a\u529b\uff09\u7684\u603b\u548c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u6446\u8131\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u662f<\/span>\u6d88\u9664\u6e34\u671b<\/span><\/b>\u3002 <\/span>\u6d85\u69c3\uff08<\/span>Nirvana<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5b\u9640\u6559\u4e49\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6d85\u69c3\u5e76\u975e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u878d\u5165\u795e\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u6d85\u69c3\u662f\u516b\u6b63\u9053\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\u6240\u8fbe\u5230\u7684<\/span>\u5f7b\u5e95\u5e73\u9759\u3001\u5723\u6d01\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4eca\u751f\u8fbe\u5230\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6e34\u671b\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4e1a\u529b\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u6b7b\u4ea1\u540e\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7075\u9b42<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u96be\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u975e\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u50e7\u56e2\uff08<\/span>The Order\/Sangha<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u50e7\u4fa3\u53d1\u8a93\u5b88\u8d1e\u548c\u5b88\u8d2b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9075\u5faa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e09\u5f52\u4f9d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u7688\u4f9d\u4f5b\u3001\u6cd5<\/span>\/<\/span>\u6559\u4e49\u3001\u50e7<\/span>\/<\/span>\u50e7\u56e2\uff09\u548c\u5341\u6212\u3002\u50e7\u56e2\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u540e\u671f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u963f\u80b2\u738b\uff08<\/span>Asoka<\/span>\uff0c\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span> 250 <\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4f5b\u6559\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5317\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\uff08<\/span>Mahayana<\/span>\uff09\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u5c06\u4f5b\u9640\u795e\u5316\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u83e9\u8428\uff08<\/span>Bodhisatwas<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u6148\u60b2\u5973\u795e\u89c2\u97f3<\/span>\/Kuan-Yin<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5929\u5802\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u6d85\u69c3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u8f6c\u7ecf\u8f6e\uff08<\/span>Prayer
      \nby machinery<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n\t\t\u5e26\u6765\u7236\u795e\u542f\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5b\u9640\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u82e5\u6301\u7eed\u5426\u5b9a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      2. \n\t\t\u5e26\u6765\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u5c06\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u89c6\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u51c0\u5316\u548c\u7ba1\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8eab\u4f53\u89c6\u4e3a\u5723\u7075\u7684\u6bbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4f5b\u9640\u6d88\u6781\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u751f\u547d\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u9010\u6e10\u6e05\u9664\u751f\u547d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      3. \n\t\t\u5e26\u6765\u4ece\u7f6a\u4e2d\u62ef\u6551\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4e1a\u529b\u89c2\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7f8e\u5fb7\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u529f\u5fb7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6323\u624e\u4e2d\u8dcc\u5012\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u6ca1\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4ee5\u7231\u4e3a\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9976\u6055\u4e4b\u7231<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u8fd9\u7231\u4e0d\u7eb5\u5bb9\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u4e2d\u627f\u62c5\u7f6a\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u7f6a\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u5bf9\u6062\u590d\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u56e2\u5951\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span> (The Message of Christianity to China)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u52a1\u5b9e\u3001\u6734\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5386\u53f2\u4e3a\u8363\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5112\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5b\u5bb6\u548c\u9053\u5bb6\u4e09\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u5b54\u5b50\uff08<\/span>Confucius<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \uff08\u751f\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span> 551 <\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u8457\u8ff0\u56fa\u5316\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u89c2\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u3002\u4ed6\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3002 <\/span>\u5b54\u5b50\u524d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff1a<\/span><\/b><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff08<\/span>Shang-Ti<\/span>\uff09\u5d07\u62dc\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u7531\u7687\u5e1d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u796d\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5929<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Tien<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u795e\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e2a\u4eba\u656c\u62dc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u7956\u5148\u5d07\u62dc\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b97\u6559<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bb6\u65cf\u548c\u5b97\u65cf\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\uff0c\u5bf9\u901d\u8005\u656c\u62dc\uff08\u724c\u4f4d\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        3. \n\t\t\u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u795e\u7947\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \n\t\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6838\u5fc3\u662f<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u4e92\u60e0<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>reciprocity<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e94\u5e38\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u541b\u81e3\u3001\u7236\u5b50\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u592b\u59bb\u3001\u670b\u53cb\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5b5d\u9053<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u6765\u4e16\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u672a\u77e5\u751f\uff0c\u7109\u77e5\u6b7b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>agnosticism<\/span>\uff09\u3002 <\/span>\u5112\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6c34\u51c6\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fe0\u8bda\u548c\u771f\u8bda<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6d88\u6781\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u5fb7\u62a5\u6028<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7f6a\u6076\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u65e0\u77e5\u3002 <\/span>\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e94\u7ecf\u548c\u56db\u4e66\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5723\u4e66\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u7740\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u9053\u6559\uff08<\/span>Taoism<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u8001\u5b50\uff08<\/span>Lao-tzu<\/span>\uff0c\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span> 604 <\/span>\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u662f<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u9053<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Tao\/Way\/Principle<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65e0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>wu wei<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u987a\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u9053\u6559<\/span><\/b>\u4e0e\u8001\u5b50\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3001\u98ce\u6c34\u3001\u7b97\u547d\u548c\u6cd5\u672f\u7684\u5927\u6742\u70e9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6d85\u69c3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5929\u5802<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u901a\u8fc7\u83e9\u8428\uff08\u5982\u89c2\u97f3\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u6551\u8d4e<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5bf9\u6551\u8d4e\u6982\u5ff5\u7406\u89e3\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u7688\u4f9d\u8005\u90fd\u66fe\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u73b0\u4ee3\u9769\u547d\u6b63\u5728\u51b2\u51fb\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5e9f\u9664\u53e4\u4ee3\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u80b2\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n\t\t\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u7236\u795e\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5e26\u6765\u4e86<\/span>\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u542f\u793a\u7684\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u7236\u795e<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u65e7\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          2. \n\t\t\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u6551\u8d4e\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5b54\u5b50\uff0c\u66f4\u5bcc\u67d4\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u5b9e\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fe0\u544a\uff0c\u66f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          3. \n\t\t\u6c38\u751f\u4e0e\u5e0c\u671b\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6c38\u751f\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u800c\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7ed9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span> (The Message of Christianity to Japan)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u65e5\u672c\u81ea<\/span> 1868 <\/span>\u5e74\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u660e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u4f46\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u6807\u51c6\u5e76\u672a\u76f8\u5e94\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u795e\u9053\u6559\uff08<\/span>Shintoism<\/span>\uff0c\u672c\u571f\u5b97\u6559\uff09\u3001\u5112\u6559\uff08\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u964d\uff09\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\uff08\u5927\u4e58\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\u3002 <\/span>\u795e\u9053\u6559\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684<\/span>\u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Animism<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u5d07\u62dc\uff08\u5982\u592a\u9633\u5973\u795e\u5929\u7167<\/span>\/Amaterasu<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u662f<\/span>\u90e8\u843d\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u656c\u754f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Mikado
            \nCult<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5929\u7687\uff08<\/span>Mikado<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u592a\u9633\u795e\u548c\u5929\u795e\u7684\u5730\u4e0a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u3002 <\/span>\u795e\u9053\u4f26\u7406\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9053\u5fb7\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u793c\u4eea\u4e0a\u7684\u6e05\u6d01<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>cleanliness<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u5173\u6ce8\u8f83\u5c11\u3002 <\/span>\u795e\u9053\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u66fe\u88ab\u4f5b\u6559\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e24\u90e8\u795e\u9053<\/span>\/Ryobu-Shinto\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u5438\u6536\u8fd1\u5343\u5e74\u3002<\/span>1868 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\u590d\u5174\u4e86\u795e\u9053\u6559\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e60\u4fd7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u800c\u975e\u5b97\u6559\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u65e5\u672c\u4f5b\u6559\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n\t\t\u51c0\u571f\u5b97\u548c\u771f\u5b97\uff08<\/span>Shin
              \n Sect<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6700\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u662f<\/span>\u963f\u5f25\u9640\u4f5b\uff08<\/span>Amida Buddha<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u963f\u5f25\u9640\u4f5b\u7acb\u8a93\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6551\u8d4e\u53d7\u82e6\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u7942\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u89e3\u8131\u3002\u771f\u5b97\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b8c\u5168\u9760\u4fe1\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u82e6\u884c\u548c\u5584\u529f\uff08\u4e0e\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u76f8\u4f3c\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u963f\u5f25\u9640\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u8868\u660e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6e34\u671b\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u529f\u5fb7\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u4ecd\u662f\u8131\u79bb<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u6e34\u671b\u548c\u8f6e\u56de<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8131\u79bb<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7f6a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \n\t\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \n\t\t\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u548c\u6027\u7eaf\u6d01\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u5341\u5b57\u67b6<\/span><\/b>\u6df1\u5316\u5e76\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              2. \n\t\t\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u795e\u9053\u6559\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u672a\u80fd\u5c06\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u7ed9\u4eba\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u6709<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u5bf8\u9ed1\u6697<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff09\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e00\u4f4d\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u7236\u795e\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              3. \n\t\t\u6551\u8d4e\u4e0e\u5723\u6d01\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u963f\u5f25\u9640\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5bbd\u6055\u6210\u672c\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u3002<\/span>\u5341\u5b57\u67b6<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u62ef\u6551\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7f6a\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9976\u6055\u7684\u7231\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              4. \n\t\t\u8d85\u8d8a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c06\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7f6e\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d3\u5bbd\u548c\u51c0\u5316\u76f2\u76ee\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff1a\u666e\u4e16\u5b97\u6559<\/span> (Christianity the Universal Religion)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u957f\u4e45\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u4e0e\u8f9b\u9178\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u63a2\u6c42\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u672a\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f62\u8c61\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u53d8\u5e7b\u83ab\u6d4b\u7684\u7cbe\u7075\u795e\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u683c\u4e16\u754c\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u795e\u7075\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4f5b\u9640\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6d88\u9664\u6e34\u671b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u547c\u5401\u3002 <\/span>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u666e\u4e16\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u53ea\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa<\/span>\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9636\u5c42\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e2d\u89c4\u5f8b\u524d\u8fdb<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \n\t\t\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u7236<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u795e\u5723\u7684\u7231\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                2. \n\t\t\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u7942\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u66f4\u7528<\/span>\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u683c<\/span><\/b>\u542f\u793a\u4e86\u7236\u795e\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u4eba<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                3. \n\t\t\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7f6a\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5192\u72af\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u56e2\u5951\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\u3002<\/span>\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u5965\u79d8<\/span><\/b>\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u7f6a\u5b7d\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u88ab\u4eba\u7c7b\u7f6a\u6076\u5207\u65ad\u7684\u56e2\u5951\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bbd\u6055\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6709\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u975e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e14\u8fc7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                4. \n\t\t\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u662f<\/span>\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u56e2\u5951<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7075\uff08\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u7075\uff09\u5185\u4f4f\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u514b\u670d\u8bf1\u60d1\uff0c\u91cd\u5851\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6c38\u751f\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u7075\u9b42\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u6bd4\u575f\u5893\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                5. \n\t\t\u8fdb\u6b65\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5723\u7075\u4e0e\u4eba\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b66\u4e60\u7942\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u548c\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                6. \n\t\t\u7b80\u6d01\u4e0e\u666e\u4e16\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u4e8e\u5176<\/span>\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5b83\u5173\u6ce8\u7075\u9b42\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u666e\u4e16\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u6216\u9636\u5c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \n\t\u6700\u7ec8\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0d\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5176\u7eaf\u7cb9\u548c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u672c\u8eab<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5b83\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u770b\u5230\u5e76\u6e34\u671b\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u542f\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u798f\u97f3\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u5ba3\u6559<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u6709<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5ba3\u6559\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t