{"id":1387,"date":"2025-10-25T13:55:51","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T05:55:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1387"},"modified":"2025-10-26T07:25:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-25T23:25:21","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%8e%a8%e5%8a%a8%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%9a%84%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3%ef%bc%9a%e6%a2%a6%e6%83%b3%e4%b8%8e%e8%a1%8c%e5%8a%a8%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e3%80%8b-ideas-that-moved-the-world%ef%bc%9as","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1387","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u63a8\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u68a6\u60f3\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b Ideas That Moved the World\uff1aStories of Dreams and Deeds"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t \u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0139 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\u63a8\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u68a6\u60f3\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/u><\/span><\/strong>\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIdeas
\nThat Moved the World<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\uff1a<\/u><\/strong><\/span>Stories of Dreams and Deeds<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a<\/span>\u63a8\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u68a6\u60f3\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/span><\/strong>\u300b\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u6e90\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684<\/span>\u91cd\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u5176\u5148\u9a71\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4ece<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u536b\u65af\u7406\uff09\u5230<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u5362\u68ad\u548c\u739b\u4e3d<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6c83\u65af\u901a\u514b\u62c9\u592b\u7279\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u5230<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u3001\u725b\u987f\u3001\u54c8\u7ef4\u3001\u62c9\u74e6\u9521\u3001\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u3001\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u548c\u674e\u65af\u7279\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u73b0\u4ee3\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u3001\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\uff09\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6311\u6218\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u6587\u660e\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684<\/span>\u6597\u4e89\u4e0e\u52c7\u6c14<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86<\/span>\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u725b\u987f\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u4e0e\u5fae\u79ef\u5206<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u54c8\u7ef4\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u5faa\u73af\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u62c9\u74e6\u9521\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5b66\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span>\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e89\u53d6\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6597\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u6258\u5c14\u666e\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u70c8\u58eb\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u613f\u666f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7f57<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u6784\u60f3\uff09\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span>\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong>\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5851\u9020\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8be5\u4e66\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/span>\u6597\u4e89<\/span><\/b>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u65b0\u9896\u3001\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u65e7\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u573a\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u7537\u7537\u5973\u5973\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/span>\u52c7\u6c14<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u52c7\u6c14\u5305\u62ec\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\uff08\u4e0d\u61d2\u60f0\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u6628\u65e5\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d28\u7591\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u672a\u77e5\uff09\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\uff08\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u65b0\u771f\u7406\u65f6\u8511\u89c6\u51b7\u6f20\u3001\u5632\u8bbd\u548c\u8feb\u5bb3\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fdc\u89c1\u548c\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f15\u8a00\u4e0e\u4e3b\u9898<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u970d\u96f7\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e0c\u666e\uff08<\/span>Horace Shipp<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u548c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u822a\u7a7a\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5df4\u6c0f\u6740\u83cc\u6cd5\u3001\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7535\u62a5\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u548c\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u603b\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u8ba1\u5212\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u548c\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8be5\u4e66\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u732e\u7ed9\u4e9a\u745f<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u5fb7\u5229\uff08<\/span>Arthur Hadley<\/span>\uff09\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ed6\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u52c7\u6c14<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u5404\u7ae0\u8282\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1. <\/span><\/b>\u63a8\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u601d\u60f3<\/span> (The Idea that Moved the World) \u2014 <\/span>\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c<\/span> (Copernicus)<\/span>\u3001\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa<\/span> (Bruno)<\/span>\u3001\u4f3d\u5229\u7565<\/span> (Galileo)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u98a0\u8986\u5730\u7403\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bf4\uff08\u5730\u5fc3\u8bf4\uff09\u7684\u8270\u96be\u5386\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n\t\t\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6ce2\u5170\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u533b\u751f\u3001\u5f8b\u5e08\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span> 1543 <\/span>\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5929\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u8bba\u300b\uff08<\/span>De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u624d\u5306\u5fd9\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u771f\u7406\uff08\u5730\u7403\u548c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u661f\u56f4\u7ed5\u592a\u9633\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u5373\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\uff09\u4f1a\u6311\u6218\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u62db\u81f4\u76d1\u7981\u3001\u9177\u5211\u6216\u4ee5\u5f02\u7aef\u7f6a\u540d\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u624d\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u775b\u3001\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u3001\u6258\u52d2\u5bc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5730\u5fc3\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u53bb\u4e16\u4e03\u5e74\u540e\u51fa\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u591a\u7c73\u5c3c\u52a0\u4fee\u58eb\uff0c\u56e0\u5ba3\u4f20\u65b0\u5929\u6587\u5b66<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ea\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u6591\u70b9<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u800c\u88ab\u6559\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u3002\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u5426\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span> 1600 <\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u70e7\u6b7b\u5728\u706b\u5211\u67f1\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  • \n\t\t\u4f3d\u5229\u7565<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bb6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u81ea\u7136\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<\/span> 1608 <\/span>\u5e74\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u91d1\u661f\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\u3001\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u548c\u6728\u661f\u7684\u536b\u661f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6559\u4f1a\u8c34\u8d23\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u524d\u5426\u8ba4\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4f4e\u8bed\u9053\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u5728\u8f6c\u52a8\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>\u201cE pur si muove.\u201d<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u3002\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\uff08<\/span>Keppler<\/span>\uff09\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u7acb\u884c\u661f\u7684\u692d\u5706\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3a\u6000\u7591\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \n\t2. <\/span><\/b>\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u9b54\u529b<\/span> (Magic in Mathematics) \u2014 <\/span>\u827e\u8428\u514b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u725b\u987f<\/span> (Isaac Newton)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n\t\t\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u725b\u987f\uff08<\/span>1642 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u53bb\u4e16\u540c\u5e74\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u82f9\u679c\u4ece\u6811\u4e0a\u6389\u843d\u800c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08<\/span>age of mechanics<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5149\u5b66\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1664 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u68f1\u955c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5149\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5c06\u7eaf\u767d\u5149\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5f69\u8679\u7684\u4e03\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5149\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6570\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6570\u5b66\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u4e0e\u5fae\u79ef\u5206<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5728<\/span> 23 <\/span>\u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u652f\u914d\u7740\u5730\u7403\u3001\u6708\u4eae\u548c\u661f\u661f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u524d\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5fae\u5206\u5fae\u79ef\u5206<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>differential calculus<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u51fa\u7248\u4e0e\u665a\u5e74<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u725b\u987f\u82b1\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u516c\u5e03\u5176\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53d1\u73b0\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff08<\/span>Principia<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u662f\u5728\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u96f7\uff08<\/span>Halley<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u81ea\u8d39\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u665a\u5e74\u7684\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u9898\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u62c5\u4efb\u94f8\u5e01\u5382\u5382\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u5e74\u8868\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n\t3. <\/span><\/b>\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/span> (Foundations of Physiology) \u2014 <\/span>\u5a01\u5ec9<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u7ef4<\/span> (William Harvey)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86<\/span> 17 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u7ef4\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n\t\t\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u54c8\u7ef4\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u8840\u6db2\u5faa\u73af<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\u5374\u6bc1\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u533b\u751f\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u771f\u7406\u7684\u516c\u5e03<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1616 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u54c8\u7ef4\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u516c\u5f00\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u9759\u8109\u5c06\u8840\u6db2\u5e26\u5230\u5fc3\u810f\uff0c\u8840\u6db2\u4ece\u53f3\u4fa7\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u88ab\u6cf5\u9001\u5230\u80ba\u90e8\u51c0\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u5fc3\u810f\u5de6\u4fa7\uff0c\u518d\u6cf5\u5165\u52a8\u8109\u5e76\u5faa\u73af\u5168\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u548c\u76d6\u4f26\u957f\u8fbe\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u540e\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u54c8\u7ef4\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u7269\uff08\u722c\u884c\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u9c7c\u7c7b\u3001\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8b\u5b9e\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5fc3\u8840\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bba\u300b\uff08<\/span>Exercitation Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in
        \n Animalibus<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u4e8e<\/span> 1628 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u536b\u751f\u3001\u65b0\u9c9c\u7a7a\u6c14\u3001\u98df\u7269\u548c\u8425\u517b\u5b66\u7b49\u6240\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u540e\u6765\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u66f4\u662f\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n\t4. <\/span><\/b>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236<\/span> (The Father of Modern Chemistry) \u2014 <\/span>\u5b89\u6258\u4e07<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u62c9\u74e6\u9521<\/span> (Antoine Lavoisier)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n\t\t\u591a\u91cd\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u62c9\u74e6\u9521\u4e8e<\/span> 1794 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 5 <\/span>\u6708\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u88ab\u9001\u4e0a\u65ad\u5934\u53f0\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u6148\u5584\u5bb6\uff0c\u5021\u5bfc\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u65e7\u91d1\u517b\u8001\u91d1\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86<\/span>\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u516c\u5236\u8ba1\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u63a8\u7ffb\u71c3\u7d20\u8bf4<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5728\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u71c3\u7d20<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Phlogiston<\/span>\uff09\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u71c3\u70e7\u3002\u62c9\u74e6\u9521\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5bc6\u5c01\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7cbe\u786e\u79f0\u91cf\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u7070\u70ec\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff1a<\/span>\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6bc1\u706d\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff1b\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u603b\u91cd\u91cf\u6c38\u8fdc\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u547d\u540d\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4ed6\u5c06\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u666e\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u5229\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u547d\u540d\u4e3a<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u6c27\u6c14<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Oxygen<\/span>\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6210\u9178\u5242<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u4ec0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u7ed3\u5408\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u547d\u540d\u4e3a<\/span><\/b>\u201c<\/span>\u6c22\u6c14<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Hydrogen<\/span>\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6210\u6c34\u5242<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u547d\u540d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        • \n\t\t\u6b89\u96be<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u62c9\u74e6\u9521\u652f\u6301\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u56e0\u66fe\u662f\u5305\u7a0e\u5b98\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u9a6c\u62c9\u7279\uff08<\/span>Marat<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5ac9\u5992\u548c\u4ec7\u6068\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u88ab\u6355\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e24\u5468\u65f6\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u6c57\u6db2\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u6cd5\u5b98\u79d1\u76ae\u7eb3\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Coppinal<\/span>\uff09\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \n\t5. <\/span><\/b>\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u53cd\u6297<\/span> (Religion in Revolt) \u2014 <\/span>\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u536b\u65af\u7406<\/span> (John Wesley)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u536b\u65af\u7406\uff08<\/span>18 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u798f\u97f3\u590d\u5174\uff08<\/span>Evangelical Revival<\/span>\uff09\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n\t\t\u798f\u97f3\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u536b\u65af\u7406\uff08\u4e0e\u67e5\u5c14\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u536b\u65af\u7406\u548c\u4e54\u6cbb<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6000\u7279\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e00\u8d77\uff09\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5e26\u51fa\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7a7a\u865a\u7684\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5728\u7530\u91ce\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u5411\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u4eba\u5e03\u9053\uff0c\u4f7f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u751f\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u50cf\u91ce\u706b\u4e00\u6837\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f0a\u75c5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9157\u9152\u3001\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u6ca6\u4e27\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u968f\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4f1f\u5927\u6539\u9769\uff08\u5982\u5de5\u5382\u6539\u9769\u3001\u76d1\u72f1\u6539\u9769\u3001\u53cd\u5974\u96b6\u5236\uff09\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5bf9\u6b64\u8d21\u732e\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u52c7\u6c14<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u536b\u65af\u7406\u9a91\u9a6c\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u884c\u7a0b\u8d85\u8fc7\u56db\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u82f1\u91cc\uff0c\u5411\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u6c11\u4f17\u4f20\u9012\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u9762\u5bf9\u66b4\u5f92\u7684\u77f3\u5934\u548c\u6bb4\u6253\u6beb\u4e0d\u754f\u60e7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4ed6\u521b\u5efa\u4e86<\/span>\u5faa\u9053\u5b97\u8054\u5408\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>United Society of Methodists<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5c31\u662f\u6bc1\u706d\u5b83\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \n\t6. <\/span><\/b>\u4eba\u6743<\/span> (The Rights of Man) \u2014 <\/span>\u8ba9<\/span>–<\/span>\u96c5\u514b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5362\u68ad<\/span> (Jean Jacques Rousseau)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5362\u68ad\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6218\u6597\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n\t\t\u9769\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5362\u68ad\uff08<\/span>1712 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u53e3\u53f7<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u535a\u7231<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Liberty,
              \n Equality and Fraternity<\/span>\uff09\u5728<\/span> 1789 <\/span>\u5e74\u653b\u5360\u5df4\u58eb\u5e95\u72f1\u65f6\u54cd\u5f7b\u4e91\u9704\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5362\u68ad\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eba\u6743<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>The Rights of Man<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u76f8\u4fe1\u672a\u7ecf\u4e0d\u826f\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7834\u574f\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5584\u826f\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5e73\u6c11\u624d\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u8457\u4f5c<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u8bba\u300b\uff08<\/span>Contrat Social<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8c0b\u5229\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5723\u7ecf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u300a\u7231\u5f25\u513f\u300b\uff08<\/span>Emile<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4ed6\u5021\u5bfc\u6b65\u884c\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u70ed\u7231\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u5176\u9769\u547d\u6027\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\u548c\u6d41\u653e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \n\t7. <\/span><\/b>\u5973\u6743<\/span> (The Rights of Woman) \u2014 <\/span>\u739b\u4e3d<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6c83\u65af\u901a\u514b\u62c9\u592b\u7279<\/span> (Mary Wollstonecraft)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u739b\u4e3d<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6c83\u65af\u901a\u514b\u62c9\u592b\u7279\u5728<\/span> 1792 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u5979\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u5973\u6743\u8fa9\u62a4\u300b\uff08<\/span>A Vindication of the Rights of Woman<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u5982\u4f55\u9707\u64bc\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n\t\t\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u8d2b\u4e4f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u5a5a\u5973\u6027\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u5c31\u8fde\u601d\u60f3\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u5362\u68ad\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u59cb\u7ec8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7537\u6027<\/span>\u201d\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u53d6\u60a6\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u7167\u987e\u7537\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u5973\u6743\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6c83\u65af\u901a\u514b\u62c9\u592b\u7279\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<\/span>\u5973\u6027\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5a5a\u59fb\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u540e\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5979\u7684\u4e66\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5973\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002\u968f\u540e\u662f\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e89\u53d6\u5973\u6027\u6295\u7968\u6743\uff08\u59cb\u4e8e<\/span> 1847 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u5b89\u59ae<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5948\u7279\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u5973\u6027\u53c2\u653f\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e89\u53d6\u5927\u5b66\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u5229\u548c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\uff08\u5982\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff09\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \n\t8. <\/span><\/b>\u6258\u5c14\u666e\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u60b2\u5267<\/span> (Tragedy at Tolpuddle) \u2014 <\/span>\u6258\u5c14\u666e\u5fb7\u5c14\u70c8\u58eb<\/span> (The
                \nTolpuddle Martyrs)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\uff08<\/span>Trades Unionism<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u516d\u540d\u519c\u573a\u5de5\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed8\u51fa\u60e8\u75db\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \n\t\t\u5224\u51b3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1834 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5207\u65af\u7279\u5de1\u56de\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u516d\u540d\u519c\u573a\u5de5\u4eba\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u4e03\u5e74\u6d41\u653e\uff0c\u7f6a\u540d\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65bd\u884c\u975e\u6cd5\u5ba3\u8a93<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u516d\u4eba\u4e2d\u6709\u4e94\u4eba\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5faa\u9053\u5b97\u5e03\u9053\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u662f\u6bcf\u5468\u5341\u5148\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u4e03\u5148\u4ee4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\u6597\u4e89\u8d77\u6e90<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span> 18 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002\u673a\u5668\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5931\u4e1a\u548c\u9965\u997f\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u7f62\u5de5<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\u6cd5\u5f8b\u538b\u5236<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5bb3\u6015\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u66b4\u4e71\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e<\/span> 1799 <\/span>\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u7ed3\u793e\u6cd5\u300b\uff08<\/span>Combination Act<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5de5\u4eba\u7ed3\u793e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\u70c8\u58eb\u7684\u727a\u7272<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6258\u5c14\u666e\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u519c\u5de5\u4eec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u53cb\u597d\u534f\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5730\u5730\u4e3b\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u9879\u5148\u524d\u4e3a\u9547\u538b\u6d77\u519b\u5175\u53d8\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u79d8\u5bc6\u5ba3\u8a93<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u5389\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u6765\u300a\u7ed3\u793e\u6cd5\u300b\u5728<\/span> 1825 <\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u70c8\u58eb\u4eec\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u6253\u51fb\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b89\u96be\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e24\u5e74\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u8d66\u514d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \n\t9. <\/span><\/b>\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u91ca<\/span> (Evolution Explains) \u2014 <\/span>\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587<\/span> (Darwin)<\/span>\u3001\u534e\u83b1\u58eb<\/span> (Wallace)<\/span>\u3001\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece<\/span> (Huxley)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n\t\t\u7406\u8bba\u6838\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u67e5\u5c14\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5728<\/span> 19 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5de8\u8457\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Origin of Species<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7269\u79cd\u5728\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u4e2d\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u6700\u9002\u8005\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u751f\u5b58\u7ade\u4e89<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>struggle for existence<\/span>\uff09\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b58\u6d3b\u5e76\u9057\u4f20\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e0e\u8bc1\u636e<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u906d\u5230\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u575a\u6301\u5723\u7ecf\u5b57\u9762\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u516d\u65e5\u521b\u4e16\u8bf4\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e94\u5e74\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d1d\u683c\u5c14\u53f7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>H.M.S. Beagle<\/span>\uff09\u822a\u884c\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7f57\u7d20<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u534e\u83b1\u58eb\uff08<\/span>Alfred Russel Wallace<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span>1858 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5171\u540c\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u6797\u5948\u5b66\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5728\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u5f15\u8d77\u8f70\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\uff08<\/span>Thomas
                    \n Huxley<\/span>\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6597\u725b\u72ac<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u6b63\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \n\t10. <\/span><\/b>\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u6297\u5fae\u751f\u7269<\/span> (Mankind versus Microbe) \u2014 <\/span>\u8def\u6613<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7<\/span> (Louis Pasteur)<\/span>\u3001\u79d1\u8d6b<\/span> (Koch)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span> 19 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \n\t\t\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u7684\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8def\u6613<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\uff09\u9996\u5148\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u53d1\u9175\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8461\u8404\u9152\u53d8\u9178\u662f\u7531\u4e8e<\/span>\u5fae\u5c0f\u751f\u7269\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u5df4\u6c0f\u6740\u83cc\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u52a0\u70ed\u6740\u6b7b\u7ec6\u83cc\uff09\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u7070\u5c18\u662f\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\t\u79d1\u8d6b\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u79d1\u8d6b\uff08\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u751f\uff09\u5206\u79bb\u5e76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u83cc\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\u83cc\u3001\u970d\u4e71\u83cc\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u72b6\u6746\u83cc\uff09\u3001\u4f24\u5bd2\u3001\u817a\u9f20\u75ab\u548c\u7ed3\u6838\u75c5\u83cc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\t\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span>1881 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6ce8\u5c04\u5f31\u5316\u7684\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\u83cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f8a\u7fa4\u3002<\/span>1885 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u4e3a\u88ab\u75af\u72d7\u54ac\u4f24\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u63a5\u79cd\u4e86\u72c2\u72ac\u75c5\u75ab\u82d7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \n\t11. <\/span><\/b>\u4f7f\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u5b89\u5168<\/span> (Making Surgery Safe) \u2014 <\/span>\u674e\u65af\u7279<\/span> (Lister)<\/span>\u3001\u585e\u9ea6\u5c14\u7ef4\u65af<\/span> (Semmelweis)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1a\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u5176\u53d8\u5f97\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \n\t\t\u533b\u9662\u761f\u75ab<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5728\u674e\u65af\u7279\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f24\u53e3\u8fd8\u662f\u624b\u672f\u5207\u53e3\uff0c\u90fd\u6781\u6613\u53d1\u708e\u3001\u574f\u75bd\u6216\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u60a3\u8005\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u533b\u9662\u761f\u75ab<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Hospitalism<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                      • \n\t\t\u585e\u9ea6\u5c14\u7ef4\u65af<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5308\u7259\u5229\u533b\u751f\u5728\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u7684\u5987\u4ea7\u79d1\u533b\u9662\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u662f\u4ea7\u8925\u70ed\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\u6d88\u6bd2<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f46\u906d\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\u3001\u5632\u7b11\u548c\u89e3\u804c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6b7b\u4e8e\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u8d25\u8840\u75c7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                      • \n\t\t\u674e\u65af\u7279\u7684\u6297\u611f\u67d3\u624b\u672f<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u674e\u65af\u7279\uff08\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\uff09\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u5173\u4e8e\u53d1\u9175\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u540e\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u662f\u4f24\u53e3\u5316\u8113\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ed6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7126\u6cb9\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u6548\u6d88\u6bd2\u5242<\/span>\u77f3\u70ad\u9178<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>carbolic acid<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u77f3\u70ad\u9178\u5bf9\u624b\u672f\u5668\u68b0\u3001\u6577\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u6d88\u6bd2\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u624b\u672f\u5ba4\u55b7\u6d12\u8584\u96fe\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u6297\u611f\u67d3\u624b\u672f<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff08<\/span>antiseptic
                        \n surgery<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                      • \n\t\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5728\u674e\u65af\u7279\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u75c5\u623f\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u533b\u9662\u761f\u75ab<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u75c5\u4f8b\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u6297\u611f\u67d3\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u7684<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u65e0\u83cc\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff08<\/span>aseptics<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u84b8\u6c7d\u706d\u83cc\u7684\u670d\u88c5\u3001\u5668\u68b0\u548c\u624b\u672f\u5ba4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \n\t12. <\/span><\/b>\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u904d\u4e16\u754c<\/span> (Signals Round the World) \u2014 <\/span>\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u83ab\u5c14\u65af<\/span> (Samuel Morse)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u62a5\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \n\t\t\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u7535\u62a5\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u94c1\u53d1\u660e\uff08<\/span>1825 <\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7F.
                          \n B. <\/span>\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e58\u8239\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fd4\u56de\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u6b21\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u78c1\u94c1\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7075\u611f<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u7535\u6d41\u5728\u7ebf\u8def\u4e2d\u662f<\/span>\u77ac\u65f6<\/span><\/b>\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        • \n\t\t\u8270\u82e6\u7684\u594b\u6597<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u5728\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e2d\u6323\u624e\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u7528\u65e7\u753b\u6846\u3001\u65e7\u65f6\u949f\u7684\u8f6e\u5b50\u548c\u5e9f\u5f03\u7684\u94c1\u5757\u7b49\u6750\u6599\u5236\u4f5c\u4ed6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7531\u70b9\u548c\u5212\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u4ee3\u7801\uff08<\/span>\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7535\u7801<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        • \n\t\t\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u65f6\u523b<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1843 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6279\u51c6\u4e86<\/span> 30,000 <\/span>\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u62e8\u6b3e\u3002<\/span>1844 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 5 <\/span>\u6708<\/span> 24 <\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7535\u62a5\u7ebf\u8def\uff08\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u5230\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7535\u62a5\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u5947\u4e8b\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>\u201cWhat God hath wrought.\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        • \n\t\t\u8de8\u6d0b\u8fde\u63a5<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1858 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u8d5b\u52d2\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Cyrus Field<\/span>\uff09\u94fa\u8bbe\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7535\u7f06\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          \n\t13. <\/span><\/b>\u8fdc\u65b9\u7684\u58f0\u97f3<\/span> (Distant Voice) \u2014 <\/span>\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d1d\u5c14<\/span> (Alexander Bell)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f97\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \n\t\t\u53d1\u660e\u65f6\u523b<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1876 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 3 <\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u683c\u96f7\u5384\u59c6<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d1d\u5c14\uff08\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u540e\u8d74\u7f8e\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u4e00\u95f4\u516c\u5bd3\u91cc\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u632f\u819c\u3001\u7535\u7ebf\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u5668\u6210\u529f\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u4eba\u58f0\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c83\u68ee\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u6765\uff01\u6211\u8981\u89c1\u4f60\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                          • \n\t\t\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8d1d\u5c14\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u804b\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u8d1d\u5c14\u5bf9\u5229\u7528\u632f\u52a8\u4f7f\u58f0\u97f3\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                          • \n\t\t\u4e13\u5229\u548c\u58f0\u540d<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8d1d\u5c14\u5728\u4ed6<\/span> 29 <\/span>\u5c81\u751f\u65e5\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e13\u5229\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5355\u9879\u4e13\u5229<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u7535\u8bdd\u5728<\/span> 1876 <\/span>\u5e74\u8d39\u57ce\u767e\u5e74\u535a\u89c8\u4f1a\u4e0a\u58f0\u540d\u9e4a\u8d77\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5df4\u897f\u7687\u5e1d\u4f69\u5fb7\u7f57\u4e8c\u4e16\u8bd5\u7528\u540e\u60ca\u547c\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u7684\u5929\u54ea\uff0c\u5b83\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e86\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                          • \n\t\t\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u78b3\u53d1\u5c04\u5668\uff1b\u5927\u536b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4f11\u65af\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u98ce\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u5960\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \n\t14. <\/span><\/b>\u65e0\u7ebf\u7684\u5947\u8ff9<\/span> (The Miracle of Radio) \u2014 <\/span>\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6<\/span> (Maxwell)<\/span>\u3001\u8d6b\u5179<\/span> (Hertz)<\/span>\u3001\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c<\/span> (Marconi)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                            \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e86\u7535\u901a\u4fe1\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u9700\u5bfc\u7ebf\u5373\u53ef\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • \n\t\t\u4e09\u5927\u5148\u9a71<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8a79\u59c6\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u514b\u62c9\u514b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\uff09\u9884\u8a00\u4e86\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u539f\u7406\uff1b\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d6b\u5179\uff08\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff1b\u53e4\u5217\u5c14\u83ab<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\uff08\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\uff09\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                            • \n\t\t\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u9884\u8a00<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\uff08<\/span>1831 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\uff09\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u5149\u548c\u7535\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\u7ea6\u6bcf\u79d2<\/span> 186,000 <\/span>\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u4ee5\u6ce2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                            • \n\t\t\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u8bc1\u660e<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u6ce2\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7136\u6ce2\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u8d6b\u5179\u6ce2\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                            • \n\t\t\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u5229\u7528\u91cc\u5409\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u7535\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8d8a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u8ddd\u79bb\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u5782\u76f4\u653e\u7f6e\u5929\u7ebf\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                            • \n\t\t\u5f81\u670d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1901 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 12 <\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u5eb7\u6c83\u5c14\u7684\u6ce2\u5c14\u675c\uff08<\/span>Poldhu<\/span>\uff09\u5411<\/span> 3000 <\/span>\u591a\u82f1\u91cc\u5916\u7684\u7ebd\u82ac\u5170\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7535\u7801\u7684\u4e09\u70b9\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86<\/span>\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                            • \n\t\t\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8239\u4e0a\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u9047\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08<\/span>1903 <\/span>\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u633d\u6551\u4e86\u6d77\u4e0a\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/span>1924 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u6ce2\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \n\t15. <\/span><\/b>\u4ece\u6c14\u7403\u5230\u5ba2\u673a<\/span> (From Balloon to Air-Liner) \u2014 <\/span>\u8499\u6208\u5c14\u83f2\u8036\u5144\u5f1f<\/span> (the
                              \nMontgolfiers)<\/span>\u3001\u83b1\u7279\u5144\u5f1f<\/span> (the Wright Brothers)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                              \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5bf9\u5f81\u670d\u5929\u7a7a\u7684\u5411\u5f80\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • \n\t\t\u6c14\u7403\u7684\u7a81\u7834<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>18 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u8499\u6208\u5c14\u83f2\u8036\u5144\u5f1f\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\uff09\u5229\u7528\u70ed\u7a7a\u6c14\u4f7f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4e1d\u888b\u5347\u7a7a\uff08\u6c14\u7403\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7a7a\u6c14\u8f7b\u7684\u98de\u884c\u5668\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8f7d\u4eba\u98de\u884c\u53d1\u751f\u5728 <\/span>1782 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e58\u5ba2\u662f\u76ae\u62c9\u7279\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u514b\u7f57\u9f50\u5e03\u5c14\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                              • \n\t\t\u91cd\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u673a\u5668<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>19 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff08\u4e54\u6cbb<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u51ef\u5229\u3001<\/span>W. S. <\/span>\u4ea8\u68ee\u3001\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u65af\u7279\u6797\u8d39\u6d1b\uff09\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u6bd4\u7a7a\u6c14\u91cd\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                              • \n\t\t\u6ed1\u7fd4\u673a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5965\u6258<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u674e\u6797\u5854\u5c14\uff08\u5fb7\u56fd\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u89c2\u5bdf\u9e1f\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86<\/span> 2000 <\/span>\u6b21\u6ed1\u7fd4\u98de\u884c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7a7a\u6c14\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u5bfc\u822a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u727a\u7272\u4fc3\u4f7f\u83b1\u7279\u5144\u5f1f\uff08\u5965\u7ef4\u5c14\u548c\u5a01\u5c14\u4f2f\uff09\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u822a\u7a7a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                              • \n\t\t\u83b1\u7279\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u80dc\u5229<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u83b1\u7279\u5144\u5f1f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u8010\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span>1903 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 12 <\/span>\u6708<\/span> 17 <\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5317\u5361\u7f57\u6765\u7eb3\u5dde\u7684\u57fa\u8482\u970d\u514b\uff08<\/span>Kitty Hawk<\/span>\uff09\u9a7e\u9a76\u4ed6\u4eec\u88c5\u6709\u6c7d\u6cb9\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u52a8\u529b\u8f7d\u4eba\u98de\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                \n\t16. <\/span><\/b>\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u7684\u6807\u5fd7<\/span> (The Sign of the Red Cross) \u2014 <\/span>\u4ea8\u5229<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u675c\u5357<\/span> (Henri Dunant)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                                \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ea8\u5229<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u675c\u5357\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • \n\t\t\u7d22\u5c14\u8d39\u91cc\u8bfa\u7684\u6050\u6016<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1859 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 6 <\/span>\u6708<\/span> 24 <\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u675c\u5357\uff08\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\uff09\u5728\u7d22\u5c14\u8d39\u91cc\u8bfa\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u56db\u4e07\u591a\u540d\u4f24\u5458\u88ab\u9057\u5f03\u5728\u75db\u82e6\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                • \n\t\t\u4eba\u9053\u6551\u63f4<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u675c\u5357\u81ea\u53d1\u6295\u5165\u6551\u63f4\uff0c\u62db\u52df\u4e86\u4e09\u767e\u540d\u5f53\u5730\u610f\u5927\u5229\u519c\u6c11\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e2e\u624b\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5144\u5f1f\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>\u201cSiamo tutti Fratelli\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                • \n\t\t\u5efa\u7acb\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1861 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u300a\u7d22\u5c14\u8d39\u91cc\u8bfa\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u300b\uff08<\/span>A Memory of Solferino<\/span><\/i>\uff09\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u826f\u77e5\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u7684\u56db\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u56db\u5904\u5954\u8d70\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u53ec\u5f00\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                • \n\t\t\u300a\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u516c\u7ea6\u300b<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1864 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u300a\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u88ab\u8d77\u8349\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c06\u4f24\u5458\u62a4\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u7531\u963f\u76ae\u4e9a\u533b\u751f\u786e\u7acb\uff1a<\/span>\u767d\u5e95\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                • \n\t\t\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u6c89\u5bc2<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u675c\u5357\u672c\u4eba\u56e0\u6295\u8eab\u68a6\u60f3\u800c\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u75c5\u5012\uff0c\u88ab\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u673a\u6784\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u665a\u5e74\u5728\u5bc2\u5bde\u4e2d\u5ea6\u8fc7\uff0c\u76f4\u5230<\/span> 1901 <\/span>\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u9996\u5c4a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u5e73\u5956\u624d\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u4e16\u4eba\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u4e8e<\/span> 1910 <\/span>\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  \n\t17. <\/span><\/b>\u6c11\u65cf\u5982\u90bb<\/span> (Nations as Neighbours) \u2014 <\/span>\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7f57<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5a01\u5c14\u900a<\/span> (Woodrow Wilson)<\/span>\u3001\u626c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u53f2\u672b\u8d44<\/span> (General Smuts)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                                  \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>League of Nations<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u9996\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u6218\u4e89\u5b9a\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • \n\t\t\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7684\u5341\u56db\u70b9<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7f57<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff09\u5728<\/span> 1917 <\/span>\u5e74\u540e\u547c\u5401\u8bbe\u7acb\u673a\u5236\u9632\u6b62\u6218\u4e89\u91cd\u6f14\u3002<\/span>1918 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u7684<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u5341\u56db\u70b9<\/span>\u201d**<\/span>\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u70b9\u547c\u5401\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u76df\u7ea6\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u5408<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                  • \n\t\t\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1919 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u53d7\u5230\u72c2\u70ed\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u539f\u5219\u906d\u5230\u514b\u91cc\u8499\u68ad\uff08<\/span>Clemenceau<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4ecd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u62a2\u6551<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                  • \n\t\t\u53f2\u672b\u8d44\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4e0e\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5e76\u80a9\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u662f\u5357\u975e\u5c06\u519b\u626c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u53f2\u672b\u8d44\uff08<\/span>General
                                    \n Smuts<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u8054\u76df\u7684\u300a\u76df\u7ea6\u300b\uff08<\/span>Covenant<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                  • \n\t\t\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u8d25<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1919 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 4 <\/span>\u6708<\/span> 28 <\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u76df\u7ea6\u300b\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u6700\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u8d77\u56fd\u9645\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u96be\u6c11\u9063\u8fd4\u3001\u538b\u5236\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u548c\u6539\u5584\u52b3\u5de5\u6761\u4ef6\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    \n\t18. <\/span><\/b>\u5171\u6709\u4e07\u7269<\/span> (Having All Things Common) \u2014 <\/span>\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe<\/span> (Plato)<\/span>\u3001\u5361\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d<\/span> (Karl Marx)<\/span>\u3001\u5217\u5b81<\/span> (Lenin)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                                    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5373\u8d22\u4ea7\u516c\u6709\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u4e3a\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • \n\t\t\u53e4\u4ee3\u8d77\u6e90<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\u56db\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5c31\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Republic<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u4e2d\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u51e1\u7269\u516c\u7528<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7167\u5404\u4eba\u6240\u9700\u7528\u7684\u5206\u7ed9\u5404\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                    • \n\t\t\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u52a8\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5361\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff08<\/span>1818 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\uff09\u4f7f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6069\u683c\u65af\u4e8e<\/span> 1847 <\/span>\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86<\/span>**<\/span>\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b<\/span>**<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Communist Manifesto<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                    • \n\t\t\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5ba3\u8a00\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5de8\u8457\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\uff08<\/span>Capital<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5723\u7ecf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                    • \n\t\t\u4fc4\u56fd\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u6c99\u4fc4\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\uff08<\/span>Vladimir Ilitch Ulianoff<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e<\/span> 1917 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 11 <\/span>\u6708\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6781\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5185\u6218\u3001\u9965\u8352\u548c\u538b\u5236\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      \n\t19. <\/span><\/b>\u8d85\u8d8a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u68a6\u60f3<\/span> (The Dream beyond Nations) \u2014 <\/span>\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797<\/span> (Franklin)<\/span>\u3001\u6f58\u6069<\/span> (Paine)<\/span>\u3001\u4e54\u6cbb<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u534e\u76db\u987f<\/span> (George Washington)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                                      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u8054\u90a6\u5236<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Federal Union<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5373\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • \n\t\t\u6218\u540e\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728<\/span> 1782 <\/span>\u5e74\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5341\u4e09\u4e2a\u5dde\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u653f\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u519b\u961f\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5145\u6ee1\u731c\u7591\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d38\u6613\u8427\u6761\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5a01\u80c1\u7206\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                      • \n\t\t\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u8054\u76df<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5f53\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53cb\u597d\u8054\u76df<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>League of Friendship<\/span>\uff09\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u51b3\u8bae\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5341\u4e09\u4e2a\u5dde\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5d\u4e2a\u540c\u610f\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                      • \n\t\t\u8054\u90a6\u4f1a\u8bae<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>1787 <\/span>\u5e74<\/span> 5 <\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8d39\u57ce\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5385\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u4f1a\u3002\u62c5\u4efb\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u59a5\u534f\u4ee5\u53d6\u60a6\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7ad6\u8d77\u4e00\u9762\u65d7\u5e1c\uff0c\u8ba9\u660e\u667a\u548c\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u805a\u62e2\u8fc7\u6765\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                      • \n\t\t\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u6210\u529f<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u5dde\u653e\u5f03\u5f81\u7a0e\u3001\u53d1\u884c\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u519b\u961f\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u529b\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5baa\u6cd5\u5982\u4eca\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u6bd4\u5f53\u521d\u591a\u56db\u5341\u500d\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u65cf\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        \n\t20. \u201c<\/span><\/b>\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u5728\u8f6c\u52a8<\/span>\u201d (E Pur Si Muove)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                                        \n\t\u8fd9\u662f\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5728\u88ab\u5b97\u6559\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u8feb\u5bb3\u540e\u4ecd\u4f4e\u8bed\u7684\u4f20\u5947\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u9192\u540e\u4eba\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f9c\u8d1f\u524d\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e00\u5207\uff08\u8212\u9002\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u5b89\u5b81\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u6362\u6765\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5192\u9669\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a8\u6447\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d28\u7591\u65e7\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u65b0\u771f\u7406\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                        \n<\/div>\n

                                        \n\t\u9644\u6ce8\uff1a\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • \n\t\t\u81f4\u8c22<\/span> (In
                                          \n Friendship)<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u672c\u4e66\u732e\u7ed9\u4e9a\u745f<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u5fb7\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                        • \n\t\t\u7248\u6743\u4fe1\u606f<\/span> (First
                                          \n Published)<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e<\/span> 1944 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>1946 <\/span>\u5e74\u91cd\u5370\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                        • \n\t\t\u4e66\u76ee<\/span> (Bibliography)<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8be5\u4e66\u6700\u540e\u9644\u6709\u4e66\u76ee\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4f4d\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u5a01\u5ec9<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u7ef4\uff1a\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                        • \n\t\t\u6249\u9875<\/span> (The
                                          \n Word behind the Idea)<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u90fd\u9644\u6709\u4e0e\u8be5\u601d\u60f3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u540d\u8a00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                                          \n\t