{"id":1369,"date":"2025-10-25T06:22:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T22:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1369"},"modified":"2025-10-25T06:22:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T22:22:38","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%8b%b1%e5%9b%bd%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e5%8f%b2%e3%80%8bhistory-of-education-in-great-britain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1369","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u300bHistory of Education in Great Britain"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0133<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span>History of Education in Great Britain<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u300b<\/span>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7684\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u548c\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u524d\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u4ece<\/span>\u65e9\u671f\u9644\u5c5e\u6559\u5802\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6148\u5584\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/strong>\u5230<\/span>\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u5dee\u5f02\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u5bf9\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u7ba1\u7406\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u805a\u7126\u4e8e<\/span>\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u91cd\u7ec4\u548c\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u524d\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6821<\/span> (ENGLISH SCHOOLS BEFORE THE REFORMATION)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/span>\u7ea6\u514b\u5927\u6559\u5802\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff09\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u90fd\u8981\u65e9\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u968f\u7740\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u51e0\u4e4e\u540c\u65f6\u7531<\/span>\u6559\u4f1a\u521b\u7acb<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u5982\u574e\u7279\u4f2f\u96f7\u6216\u7ea6\u514b\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e38\u5728\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u3001\u6559\u5802\u6216\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u4f4f\u5904\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u6559\u4f1a\u58f0\u79f0\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u8d1f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ea6\u514b\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86<\/span>\u4e03\u827a\uff08<\/span>Seven Liberal Arts<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5305\u62ec\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u4fee\u8f9e\u548c\u903b\u8f91\uff08<\/span>\u4e09\u827a\uff0c<\/span>Trivium<\/span><\/b>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u51e0\u4f55\u3001\u5929\u6587\u548c\u97f3\u4e50\uff08<\/span>\u56db\u827a\uff0c<\/span>Quadrivium<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u804c\u80fd\u5206\u5316\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f46\u963f\u5c14\u6606\uff08<\/span>Alcuin<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u5206\u4e3a\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u6b4c\u5531\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u6b4c\u5531\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u968f\u7740\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u804c\u80fd\u9010\u6e10\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u526f\u624b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u4e86<\/span>\u6821\u76d1\uff08<\/span>Chancellor<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3001\u6821\u957f\uff08<\/span>schoolmaster<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6b4c\u548f\u56e2\u9886\u5531\uff08<\/span>precentor<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u804c\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u76ce\u683c\u9c81<\/span>–<\/span>\u6492\u514b\u900a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e3\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<\/span>**<\/span>\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4f53\u8bfe\u672c\uff08<\/span>Colloquies<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u65e5\u5e38\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u5728\u8f83\u665a\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u5165\u95e8\uff0c\u800c\u4e03\u827a\u5219\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5<\/span><\/b>\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u5b66\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6e29\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u516c\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7531\u5a01\u5ec9<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7ef4\u514b\u59c6\u521b\u7acb\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u5b83\u662f<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u6cd5\u4eba\u56e2\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5b66\u7ae5\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6559\u58eb\u3002\u4ea8\u5229\u516d\u4e16\u6a21\u4eff\u6e29\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u521b\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u4f0a\u987f\u516c\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u5b66\u6821\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u5411\u4e0b\u6269\u5c55\u4ee5\u6559\u6388\u5e74\u5e7c\u513f\u7ae5\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\u3002\u5973\u4fee\u9053\u9662\uff08<\/span>Nunneries<\/span>\uff09\u6709\u65f6\u5145\u5f53<\/span>\u201cShee-schools\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u6559\u5bfc\u9644\u8fd1\u5973\u5b69\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u9488\u7ebf\u6d3b\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5927\u5b66<\/span> (THE MEDIAEVAL UNIVERSITIES)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5927\u5b66\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u660e<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u6559\u5802\u548c\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u9644\u8bbe\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u5982\u6c99\u7279\u5c14\u5b66\u6d3e\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f80\u5f80\u59cb\u4e8e\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fc1\u79fb\uff08<\/span>Great Dispersion<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5b66\u58eb\u3001\u7855\u58eb\u3001\u535a\u58eb\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u8981\u6c42\u4f4f\u6821\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t13\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c<\/span>\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u594e\u90a3<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86<\/span>\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u8bb2\u6388\uff08<\/span>Lectio<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u8fa9\u8bba\uff08<\/span>Quaestio<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6301\u5927\u5e08\u7684<\/span>\u88c1\u5b9a\uff08<\/span>determinatio magistralis<\/span>\uff09\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u6b21\u7279\u6b8a\u7684<\/span>Quodlibetales<\/span>\u8fa9\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u5927\u5b66\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u8fdd\u89c4\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5982\u5927\u558a\u5927\u53eb\u3001\u5531\u6b4c\u3001\u8bf4\u82f1\u8bed\u800c\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff09\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u90fd\u94ce\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5927\u5b66<\/span> (ENGLISH SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES IN THE
    \nTUDOR PERIOD)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u90fd\u94ce\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6df1\u53d7<\/span>\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u5e76\u975e\u59cb\u4e8e\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5148\u524d\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7531\u8fea\u5b89<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u79d1\u5229\u7279\u4e8e<\/span>1510<\/span>\u5e74\u521b\u7acb\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u6240\u8d70\u8bfb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u62db\u6536<\/span>153<\/span>\u540d\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5c42\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u6388<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u597d\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u6587\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u5bcc\u6709\u7684<\/span>\u5546\u4e1a\u540c\u4e1a\u516c\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4f0a\u5229\u5965\u7279\u7235\u58eb\uff08<\/span>Sir Thomas Elyot<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6267\u653f\u8005\u300b\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u8d35\u65cf\u5b50\u5f1f\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6a21\u4eff\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u6e05\u6670\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3001\u4f53\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u7ecf\u5178\u3001\u4fee\u8f9e\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u6240\u9700\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7f57\u6770<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u65af\u5361\u59c6\uff08<\/span>Roger Ascham<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6821\u5de5\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Schoolmaster<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u63a8\u5e7f<\/span>\u53cc\u91cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\u6559\u6388\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u70c8\u8c34\u8d23\u5f53\u65f6\u5b66\u6821\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u97ad\u6253\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u516d\u4e16<\/span><\/b>\u5e38\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u91cd\u4fee\u6216\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u3002<\/span>**<\/span>\u300a\u5229\u5229\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e66\u300b\uff08<\/span>Lily’s Latin Grammar<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u6210\u4e3a\u5b98\u65b9\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5bf9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5<\/span>**<\/span>\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6559\u7406\u95ee\u7b54\u300b<\/span>**<\/span>\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u5f00\u59cb\u8981\u6c42\u5b66\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u8bfb\u5199\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9a6c\u5c14\u5361\u65af\u7279\uff08<\/span>Richard Mulcaster<\/span>\uff09\u4e3b\u5f20\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u6280\u80fd\uff08\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u7ed8\u753b\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u5021\u5bf9\u5973\u5b69\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u5171\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u90fd\u94ce\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u5b66\u5f92\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0<\/span> 17<\/span>\u3001<\/span>18<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (ENGLISH SECONDARY AND UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN THE 17th AND 18th
    \nCENTURIES)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u53d8\u5f97<\/span>\u72ed\u9698\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u672f<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u8131\u8282\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e0d\u4ece\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>Dissenting Academies<\/span>\uff09\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5305\u62ec\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u67e5\u5c14\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u80e1\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Charles Hoole<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u300b\u533a\u5206\u4e86<\/span>\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Petty School<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u6559\u6388\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfb\u5199\u7b97\uff09\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u80fd\u9762\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u4f9b\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t18\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u8870\u8d25\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u516c\u5b66\uff08\u5982\u62c9\u683c\u6bd4\u548c\u4f0a\u987f\uff09\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e5f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\u88ab\u6324\u5230\u5047\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u725b\u6d25\u548c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u505c\u6ede\uff08<\/span>lethargy<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u6388\u4ece\u4e0d\u6388\u8bfe\u3002\u5b66\u4f4d\u8003\u8bd5\uff08\u5982<\/span>B.A.<\/span>\uff09\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u65e7\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u8003\u5b98\u6709\u65f6\u53ea\u662f\u8d70\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u66f4\u65e9\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span>1747-48<\/span>\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201cTripos\u201d<\/span>\u540d\u5355\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u5b66\u6821\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u2014\u20141805-1895 (SCHOOL REFORM AND STATE
    \nINTERVENTION IN SECONDARY EDUCATION\u20141805-1895)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u535a\u58eb<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Dr. Thomas
    \nArnold<\/span>\uff0c\u62c9\u683c\u6bd4\u516c\u5b66\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u91cd\u632f\u4e86\u516c\u5b66\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u7ecf\u5178\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u6388\u516c\u6c11\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7b49<\/span>\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4ed6\u5229\u7528<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u7ea7\u957f\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>prefect
    \nsystem<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u514b\u62c9\u4f26\u767b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Clarendon Commission, 1864<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u4e5d\u6240\u516c\u5b66\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5176\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u589e\u52a0\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u9676\u987f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Taunton Commission, 1868<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u79c1\u7acb\u3001\u6350\u8d60\u548c\u5973\u5b50\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6df7\u4e71\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u7d20\u8d28\u4e0d\u4f73\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u76ee\uff09\u548c\u6350\u8d60\u8d44\u91d1\u88ab\u6ee5\u7528\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u7ea7\u4e2d\u5b66\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/span>\u8bed\u8a00\u5177\u6709\u9996\u8981\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5973\u5b50\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5973\u738b\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>Queen\u2019s College<\/span>\uff09\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u5409\u5c14\u987f\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>Girton<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u7ebd\u7eb3\u59c6\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>Newnham<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u5251\u6865\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Higher-Grade Schools<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u521d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6765\u8d5a\u53d6\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u90e8\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u6148\u5584\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN THE AGE OF
    \nPHILANTHROPY)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5728\u6148\u5584\u56e2\u4f53\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u521d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u3002<\/span>**<\/span>\u53f7\u89d2\u4e66\uff08<\/span>Horn Book<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u542f\u8499\u8bfb\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u4fc3\u8fdb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u77e5\u8bc6\u534f\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>S.P.C.K., 1698<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86<\/span><\/b>\u6148\u5584\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Charity Schools<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u7684\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b97\u6559\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u548c\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u4e3b\u65e5\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Sunday Schools, <\/span>\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u96f7\u514b\u65af\u521b\u7acb\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u5e73\u65e5\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7a77\u82e6\u5b69\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bfb\u5199\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u5de5\u4e1a\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Schools of Industry<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\u804c\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08\u5982\u7eba\u7eb1\u3001\u7f16\u7ec7\uff09\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u3002\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u5de1\u56de\u6148\u5584\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Circulating Charity Schools<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u5728\u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u743c\u65af\uff08<\/span>Griffith Jones<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u5bfc\u751f\u5236\uff08<\/span>Monitorial System, <\/span>\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u5170\u5361\u65af\u7279\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u5229\u7528\u5e74\u957f\u5b66\u751f\uff08\u5bfc\u751f\uff09\u4ee5\u673a\u68b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5ec9\u4ef7\u5730\u6307\u5bfc\u5927\u91cf\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\u56e0\u5176<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u5f0a\u75c5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u73ed\u7ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u5e9e\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6b27\u6587\uff08<\/span>Robert Owen<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e03\u574e\u5357\uff08<\/span>James Buchanan<\/span>\uff09\u521b\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u5a74\u513f\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Infant Schools<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5927\u536b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u65af\u6258\uff08<\/span>David Stow<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86<\/span>\u8bad\u7ec3\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08<\/span>Training System<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u57f9\u517b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u6388\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd0\u7528<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6570\u5b57\u540c\u60c5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u63cf\u7ed8<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4f7f\u5b66\u5f92\u5236\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5bf9\u7ae5\u5de5\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u5265\u524a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5230<\/span>1862<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u6cd5\u5178<\/span> (FROM THE
    \nBEGINNING OF STATE INTERVENTION TO THE REVISED CODE, 1862)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u59cb\u4e8e<\/span>1833<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u62e8\u6b3e<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u9700\u6c42\u8feb\u5207\uff0c\u57f9\u8bad\u65f6\u95f4\u666e\u904d\u5f88\u77ed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8a79\u59c6\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u51ef<\/span>–<\/span>\u8096\u7279\u5c14\u6c83\u601d\u7235\u58eb<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth<\/span>\uff09\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u5df4\u7279\u897f\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>Battersea Training College<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u745e\u58eb\u5b66\u6821\u4e3a\u84dd\u672c\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1846<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55<\/span><\/b>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u5bfc\u751f<\/span>–<\/span>\u6559\u5e08\u5236\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>Pupil-Teacher System<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u4e86\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u5b66\u5f92\u671f\u3001\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7531\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u672c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c<\/span>**<\/span>\u7ebd\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Newcastle Commission, 1861<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u8c03\u67e5\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**1862\u5e74\u300a\u4fee\u8ba2\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff08<\/span>Revised Code, <\/span>\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6d1b\u5236\u5b9a\uff09<\/span>\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<\/span><\/b>\u6309\u6210\u679c\u4ed8\u8d39\uff08<\/span>Payment by Results<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u513f\u7ae5\u5728<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e09\u827a<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u7b97\u672f\uff09\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u62e8\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8be5\u6cd5\u5178\u56e0\u52a9\u957f\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u673a\u68b0\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3001\u5ffd\u89c6\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bfc\u81f4\u6559\u5e08\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u9a6c\u4fee<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u586b\u8865\u7a7a\u767d<\/span>\u2014\u20141870-1895 (FILLING THE GAPS\u20141870-1895)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1870<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u300a\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u798f\u65af\u7279\u6cd5\u6848\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>School
    \nBoards<\/span>\uff09\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002\u6cd5\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u8003\u73c0<\/span>–<\/span>\u5766\u666e\u5c14\u6761\u6b3e<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Cowper-Temple clause<\/span>\uff09\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5927\u578b\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u514b\u7f57\u65af\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Cross Commission, 1888<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u7b97\u4e09\u827a\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1890<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u6cd5\u5178<\/span><\/b>\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u4e09\u827a\u62e8\u6b3e\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6309\u6210\u679c\u4ed8\u8d39<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5236\u5ea6\u8d70\u5411\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c<\/span>**<\/span>\u5927\u5b66\u9644\u8bbe\u7684\u8d70\u8bfb\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>Day Training Colleges<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u83b7\u5f97\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u8bbe\u65bd\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6761\u4ef6\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u5904\u5883\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u611f\u5316\u9662\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9488\u5bf9\u5931\u660e\u3001\u5931\u806a\u548c\u667a\u969c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684<\/span>\u7279\u6b8a\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0 \u56fd\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u2014\u20141895-1902 (THE FOUNDATION OF A NATIONAL
    \nSYSTEM 1895-1902)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u5e03\u83b1\u65af\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Bryce Commission, 1895<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u65e8\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u5b9e\u7528\u79d1\u76ee\u95f4\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u804c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u79d1\u514b\u987f\u5224\u51b3\uff08<\/span>Cockerton judgment, 1901<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u88c1\u5b9a\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u975e\u6cd5\u5c06\u7a0e\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7b49\u6216\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\u9677\u5165\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1902<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u5df4\u5c14\u798f\u6cd5\u6848\uff09\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5b83\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u5f53\u5c40\uff08<\/span>L.E.A.s<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>L.E.A.s<\/span>\u5206\u4e3a<\/span>Part II<\/span>\uff08\u8d1f\u8d23\u6240\u6709\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u548c<\/span>Part III<\/span>\uff08\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5c06<\/span>\u5fd7\u613f\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Voluntary Schools<\/span>\uff09\u7eb3\u5165\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u52a9\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u52a9<\/span>\/<\/span>\u6559\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\uff09\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0 \u56fd\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span>\u2014\u20141902-1944 (THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL
    \nSYSTEM 1902-1944)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86<\/span>\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1904<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u300a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u89c4\u7ae0\u300b\u9996\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e2d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u8bfe\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u66f4\u5e7f\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u79d1\uff08\u5982\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u83ab\u5170\u7279\uff08<\/span>Morant<\/span>\uff09\u7684<\/span>1904<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u521d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6027\u683c\u57f9\u517b\u548c\u667a\u529b\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u6559\u5e08\u53c2\u8003\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u6559\u5e08\u53d1\u6325\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u514d\u8d39\u5b66\u4f4d\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>1907<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u63a5\u53d7\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u516c\u7acb\u521d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u9884\u7559<\/span>25%<\/span>\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u540d\u989d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5b66\u6821\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/b>\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span>\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u59d0\u59b9<\/span><\/b>\u63a8\u52a8\u7684<\/span>\u6258\u513f\u6240\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f3a\u8c03\u9732\u5929\u73af\u5883\u548c\u9884\u9632\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1908<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u300a\u513f\u7ae5\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08<\/span>Children\u2019s Charter<\/span>\uff09\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u7ae5\u5de5\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5c11\u5e74\u6cd5\u5ead<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1918<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u8d39\u820d\u5c14\u6cd5\u6848\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c06\u79bb\u6821\u5e74\u9f84\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230<\/span>14<\/span>\u5c81\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e49\u52a1\u6027\u7684\u65e5\u95f4\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u54c8\u591a\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>Hadow Report, 1926<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u5728<\/span>11<\/span>\u5c81\u7ed3\u675f\u521d\u7b49\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06\u5b66\u6821\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e3a\u521d\u7ea7\u90e8\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u90e8\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e2d\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u65af\u5f6d\u65af\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>Spens Report, 1938<\/span>\uff09\u652f\u6301\u4e09\u5143\u5236\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u8bfa\u4f0d\u5fb7\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>Norwood Report, 1941<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u5c06\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u5fc3\u667a\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u3001\u4e00\u822c\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**F. W. \u6851\u5fb7\u68ee\u5728\u5965\u5fb7\u5c14\u516c\u5b66\uff08<\/span>Oundle<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u516c\u5b66\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0<\/span> 1944<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u672a\u6765<\/span> (THE OVERHAUL
    \nOF 1944 AND THE FUTURE)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e8c\u6218\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<\/span>\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u758f\u6563<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1944<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u5df4\u7279\u52d2\u6cd5\u6848\uff09\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u8eab\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u521d\u7b49\u3001\u4e2d\u7b49\u548c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\tL.E.A.s\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4ea4<\/span>\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6cd5\u6848\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>Agreed
    \nSyllabus<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a<\/span>\u5fd7\u613f\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u8d44\u52a9\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u7ba1\u5236\u578b\u3001\u8d44\u52a9\u578b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u79bb\u6821\u5e74\u9f84\u88ab\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230<\/span>15<\/span>\u5c81<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>1947<\/span>\u5e74\u5b9e\u65bd\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u5f17\u83b1\u660e\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>Fleming Report, 1944<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c06\u516c\u5b66\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff08<\/span>A\/B<\/span>\u8ba1\u5212\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u4e2d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u8003\u8bd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>1947<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u5efa\u8bae\u7528<\/span><\/b>\u666e\u901a\u6559\u80b2\u8bc1\u4e66\uff08<\/span>G.C.E.<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u53d6\u4ee3\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u7fa4\u7ec4\u8003\u8bd5\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u9ea6\u514b\u5948\u5c14\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>McNair Report, 1944<\/span>\uff09\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u53e4\u4ee3\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d<\/span> (THE MODERN UNIVERSITIES AND THE
    \nANCIENT UNIVERSITIES IN THE MODERN WORLD)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff08<\/span>1825\/1836<\/span>\uff09\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u6cb3\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5bc4\u5bbf\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u54c8\u5c14\u4e39\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Haldane Commission<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e86\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5c06\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u673a\u6784\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u5b66\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5730\u65b9\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u3001\u5229\u5179\u3001\u8c22\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u3001\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\uff09\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u725b\u6d25\u548c\u5251\u6865<\/span><\/b>\u5728<\/span>19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6cd5\u6848\uff08\u5982<\/span>1852<\/span>\u5e74\u548c<\/span>1872<\/span>\u5e74\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e66\u9762\u8003\u8bd5\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff08\u5982\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5386\u53f2\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5723\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u3001\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u3001\u963f\u4f2f\u4e01\u3001\u7231\u4e01\u5821\uff09\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0 \u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span> (ADULT EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT
    \nOF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span>1850<\/span>\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u7531<\/span>\u5fd7\u613f\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/b>\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u53d7\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u5982\u5baa\u7ae0\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u65e9\u671f\u6210\u4eba\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u8bfa\u4e01\u6c49\u3001\u4f2f\u660e\u7ff0\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u6388\u8bc6\u5b57\u3002<\/span>**<\/span>\u6280\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>Mechanics\u2019
    \nInstitutes<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5b66\u751f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u800c\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u4f46<\/span><\/b>\u4f2f\u514b\u8d1d\u514b\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>Birkbeck
    \nCollege<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5de5\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u534f\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>W.E.A., 1903<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u63a8\u5e7f\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u73ed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ade\u8d5b\u4e2d\u7684\u843d\u540e\u3002<\/span>\u591c\u95f4\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u7b49\u5206\u7ec4\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u73c0\u897f\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>Percy Report, 1945<\/span>\uff09\u5f3a\u8c03\u9700\u8981\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5c55\u9ad8\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6218\u540e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5bf9\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0<\/span> 1872<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (EDUCATION IN
    \nSCOTLAND TO 1872)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5176<\/span>\u6559\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b>\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e<\/span>\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8bfa\u514b\u65af\uff08<\/span>John
    \nKnox<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u300a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u89c4\u7a0b\u300b\uff08<\/span>1560<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5177\u6709\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6559\u533a\u8bbe\u7acb\u521d\u7ea7\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u9547\u8bbe\u7acb\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u4e09\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u533a\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Parish School<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>1696<\/span>\u5e74\u6cd5\u6848\uff09\u662f\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span>**<\/span>\u81ea\u6cbb\u5e02\u9547\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Burgh Schools<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u6700\u521d\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u91c7\u7528<\/span>\u6444\u653f\u5236\uff08<\/span>Regenting<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u5e08\u8d1f\u8d23\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u76ee\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u5e74\u9f84\u5c0f\uff08<\/span>56%<\/span>\u5728<\/span>12<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff09\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\uff08\u6bcf\u5929<\/span>9<\/span>\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\u3002\u9676\u987f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d5e\u626c\u4e86\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u81ea\u6cbb\u5e02\u9547\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u4e25\u8c28\u548c\u751f\u52a8\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0<\/span> 1872-1949<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (EDUCATION
    \nIN SCOTLAND\u20141872-1949)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1872<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff09\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6559\u533a\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u5e02\u9547\u5b66\u6821\u7f6e\u4e8e\u516c\u7acb\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u5206\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u521d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4ea8\u5229<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u514b\u83b1\u514b\u7235\u58eb\uff08<\/span>Sir Henry Craik<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6309\u6210\u679c\u4ed8\u8d39<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u514d\u8d39<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1908<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e49\u52a1\u6027\u65e5\u95f4\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u90e8\uff08<\/span>Advanced division<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1918<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/b>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u5f53\u5c40\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1945<\/span><\/b>\u5e74\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/b>\u4f7f\u5b66\u6821\u91cd\u7ec4\u6210\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u521d\u7b49\u548c\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Advisory Council on Education<\/span>\uff09\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>1946\/47<\/span>\uff09\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u4e09\u5143\u5236\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u652f\u6301<\/span>**<\/span>\u7efc\u5408\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>omnibus school<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6559\u80b2\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e66\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u521d\u7b49\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5e94\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u4f53\u80b2\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u548c\u53e3\u8bed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0 \u7687\u5bb6\u519b\u961f\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (EDUCATION IN H.M. FORCES)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6559\u80b2\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230<\/span>1767<\/span>\u5e74\u3002<\/span>1918<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>\u9646\u519b\u5b66\u6821\u90e8<\/span><\/b>\u8f6c\u5165\u53c2\u8c0b\u603b\u957f\u5c40\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u519b\u4e8b\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u8bad\u7ec3\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53
    \n\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e00\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c<\/span>Y.M.C.A.<\/span>\u5927\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u5411\u58eb\u5175\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c<\/span>\u9646\u519b\u65f6\u4e8b\u5c40\uff08<\/span>A.B.C.A.<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e<\/span>1941<\/span>\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u519b\u5b98\u9886\u5bfc\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u4e8b\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span>**\u201c<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u9053\u8def\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>British
    \nWay and Purpose<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u7528\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u57f9\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6218\u540e\u7684<\/span>\u590d\u5458\u8ba1\u5212<\/span><\/b>\u4e3a\u7b49\u5f85\u9000\u5f79\u7684\u519b\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u548c\u7a7a\u519b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6848\u4e0e\u9646\u519b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6280\u672f\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u519b\u4e2d\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff08\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u9ad8\u8fbe<\/span>10%<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u6b8a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0 \u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55<\/span> (RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN BRITISH EDUCATION)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1944\u5e74\u6cd5\u6848\u9881\u5e03\u540e\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u514b\u52b3\u745f\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>Crowther Report, 1959\/1960<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u662f\u5bf9<\/span>15<\/span>\u81f3<\/span>18<\/span>\u5c81\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u4e8c\u6b21\u6559\u80b2\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span>Secondary Modern Schools<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u5ef6\u957f\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u62a5\u544a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>**<\/span>\u90e1\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>County Colleges<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5bf9\u6210\u4eba\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u4f53\u80fd\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t**\u7b2c\u516d\u7ea7\uff08<\/span>Sixth Form<\/span>\uff09<\/span>**<\/span>\u4eba\u6570\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u62a5\u544a\u652f\u6301\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u62e5\u6324\u3001\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u751f\u7f3a\u4e4f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6570\u7406\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>numeracy<\/span>\uff09\u800c\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u751f\u7f3a\u4e4f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8bc6\u5b57\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>literacy<\/span>\uff09\u8868\u793a\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7ebd\u745f\u59c6\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>Newsom Report, 1963<\/span>\uff0c\u526f\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u672a\u6765\u7684\u534a\u6570\u300b\uff09\u5173\u6ce8\u975e\u9009\u62d4\u6027\u4e2d\u5b66\uff08\u73b0\u4ee3\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u7684<\/span>13<\/span>\u81f3<\/span>16<\/span>\u5c81\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u53d1\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u6821\u5efa\u7b51\u8001\u65e7\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u5b9e\u7528\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u652f\u6301\u5f15\u5165<\/span>\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8bc1\u4e66\uff08<\/span>C.S.E.<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7f57\u5bbe\u65af\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>Robbins Report, 1963<\/span>\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5f20<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e14\u613f\u610f\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u80fd\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u5efa\u8bae\u7ef4\u6301\u5e76\u6539\u5584\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5e08\u751f\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7acb\u65b0\u7684<\/span>\u6269\u5927\u540e\u7684\u62e8\u6b3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Grants Commission<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8d22\u653f\u5927\u81e3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c<\/span>\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u8003\u8bd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u6210\u7acb
    \n\uff0c<\/span>\u5723\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>1953<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u5c06\u9093\u8fea\u5b66\u9662\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4f46\u9093\u8fea\u4ecd\u5bfb\u6c42\u6210\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5927\u5b66 \u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u79bb\u6821\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u90e1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u4ecd\u5728\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t