{"id":1363,"date":"2025-10-25T06:13:14","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T22:13:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1363"},"modified":"2025-10-25T06:13:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T22:13:14","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e5%9b%be%e8%a1%a8%e3%80%8b-historical-charts-of-chinese-philosophy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1363","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u56fe\u8868\u300b  Historical Charts of Chinese Philosophy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">0131<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><strong><u>\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u56fe\u8868\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><strong><u>Historical<br \/>\nCharts of Chinese Philosophy<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-65-686x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"955\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-1364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-65-686x1024.jpg 686w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-65-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-65-768x1146.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-65-1030x1536.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-65-1373x2048.jpg 1373w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-65.jpg 1488w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9648\u8363\u6377<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6559\u6388\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1955<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u56fe\u8868\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u6d41\u6d3e\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56fe\u793a\u6982\u89c8<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e03\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ece<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5b66\u6d3e<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 770-222 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u897f\u5316\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1912-1950 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u8868\u7740\u91cd\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u5b8b\u660e\u7406\u5b66\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Neo-Confucianism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e2d<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6731\u71b9\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u738b\u9633\u660e\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5b\u6559<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9053\u6559<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u8457\u4f5c\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7d22\u5f15<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u751f\u5352\u5e74\u4efd\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">1. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e0a\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\uff1a\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u6d3e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Ancient Period: The Classical Schools) (<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 770\u2013<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 222)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u6d3e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Classical Schools<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8bf8\u5b50\u767e\u5bb6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">pai chia<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u6f6e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\u8fd0\u52a8\u5305\u62ec\u5112\u5bb6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Confucianism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001\u58a8\u5bb6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Mo-ism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001\u9053\u5bb6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Taoism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u5bb6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Legalism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c\u9634\u9633\u5bb6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Yin-Yang school<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5112\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ee5<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b5f\u5b50<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Mencius, Meng-tzu<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8340\u5b50<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Hs\u00fcn-tzu,<br \/>\n     Hs\u00fcn Ch&#8217;ing<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002 <\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b5f\u5b50\u548c\u8340\u5b50\u9488\u5bf9<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4eba\u6027<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u662f\u672c\u5584\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">originally good<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u672c\u6076\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">originally bad<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e89\u8fa9\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8340\u5b50\u6559\u5bfc\u8bf4<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4eba\u6027\u672c\u6076<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u793c\u4eea\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89c4\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u675f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u79e6\u671d<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 221 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">2. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\uff1a\u5112\u5b66\u3001\u9053\u6559\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Middle Period: The Development of Confucianism, Taoism, and<br \/>\nBuddhism) (<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 221\u2013<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u516c\u5143<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 906)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5112\u5b66\u3001\u9053\u6559\u548c\u4f5b\u6559<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5112\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">dominant position<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u65f6\u671f\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Period<br \/>\n     of Division<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u516c\u5143<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 220\u2013589 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b0\u9053\u5bb6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Neo-Taoism, Hs\u00fcan Hs\u00fceh<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u7384\u5b66\uff09\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u65b0\u9053\u5bb6\u968f\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u5f0f\u5fae\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5b\u6559<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Buddhism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">3. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65f6\u671f\uff1a\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Modern Period: Neo-Confucianism) (960\u20131911)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fd9\u662f\u4ece\u5b8b\u671d\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">960 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Neo-Confucianism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\uff08\u9053\u5b66\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Tao<br \/>\n     Hs\u00fceh<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u662f\u5bf9<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5b\u6559<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9053\u6559<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5438\u6536\u4e0e\u53cd\u5bf9\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">reaction<br \/>\n     against and absorption of Taoism and Buddhism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7acb<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\uff1a <\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u6027\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Rationalistic Neo-Confucianism, <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u5b66\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Li Hs\u00fceh<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Idealistic Neo-Confucianism, <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fc3\u5b66\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Hsin Hs\u00fceh<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">4. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b8b\u4ee3\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Sung Period: Rationalistic Neo-Confucianism) (960\u20131279)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u6027\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Rationalistic Neo-Confucianism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u6027\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\uff0c\u5373<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7a0b\u6731\u5b66\u6d3e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Ch&#8217;eng-Chu school<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u5b66\u6d3e\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Principle, Li<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e3b\u8981\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5305\u62ec<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7a0b\u98a2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Ch&#8217;eng Hao<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7a0b\u9890<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Ch&#8217;eng Yi<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5144\u5f1f\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6731\u71b9<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chu Hsi<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7a0b\u6731\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4eba\u6027<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Human Nature, Hsing<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u662f\u666e\u904d\u4e14<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u540c\u7b49\u4e3a\u5584<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">universally<br \/>\n     and equally good<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002\u6731\u71b9\u5bf9\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7efc\u5408<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">synthesized<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">5. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5143\u660e\u65f6\u671f\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Yuan and Ming Periods: Idealistic Neo-Confucianism)<br \/>\n(1279\u20131644)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Idealistic Neo-Confucianism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u5b66\u6d3e\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fc3<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Mind, Hsin<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u4ee5<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9646\u4e5d\u6e0a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Lu Hsiang-shan<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u738b\u9633\u660e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Wang<br \/>\n     Yang-ming, Wang Shou-jen<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u738b\u9633\u660e\u5b66\u6d3e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Wang Yang-ming school<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u660e\u4ee3<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e3b\u5bfc<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u738b\u9633\u660e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6838\u5fc3\u5305\u62ec<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u77e5\u884c\u5408\u4e00<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">unity of knowledge and action<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u81f4\u826f\u77e5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">extension of innate knowledge<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">6. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6e05\u4ee3\uff1a\u5b9e\u7528\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Ch&#8217;ing Period: Practical and Moral Law Neo-Confucianism)<br \/>\n(1644\u20131911)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u7528\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Practical and Moral Law Neo-Confucianism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fd9\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u5bf9<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u738b\u9633\u660e\u5b66\u6d3e\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u79cd<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53cd\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">reaction<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u54f2\u5b66\u5174\u8da3\u8f6c\u5411<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">practical affairs, Shih Wu<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Moral<br \/>\n     Law, Li Hs\u00fceh<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5177\u4f53\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">concrete studies, K&#8217;ao<br \/>\n     Ch\u00fc Hs\u00fceh<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5373\u8003\u636e\u5b66\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c49\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Han Hs\u00fceh<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u5b66\u6d3e\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u8be5\u5b66\u6d3e\u63d0\u5021<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6587\u5b57\u8003\u636e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53e4\u5178\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">classical studies<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u5e76<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b8b\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Sung<br \/>\n     Learning<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6c49\u5b66\u5b66\u6d3e\u62d2\u7edd\u5b8b\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u56de\u5f52\u6c49\u4ee3\u548c\u5148\u79e6\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">7. <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f53\u4ee3\u65f6\u671f\uff1a\u897f\u5316\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u590d\u5174<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> (The Contemporary Period: Westernization and Chinese Renaissance)<br \/>\n(1912\u20131950)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u4ece<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1912 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u6301\u7eed\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"> 1950 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5e74\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\u4ee5<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u897f\u5316<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u590d\u5174<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chinese Renaissance<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7531\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u7740<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6311\u6218<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">challenged<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5982<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">pragmatism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fa9\u8bc1\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">dialectical<br \/>\n     materialism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">idealism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u5f15\u5165\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7efc\u5408<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/18nVZKH-d-6MTDfRxRGwhyqMCBL-bbQEX\/preview\" width=\"800\" height=\"1080\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e660131 &nbsp; \u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u56fe\u8868\u300b Historical Charts of Chines [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[151],"class_list":["post-1363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-5","tag-151"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1363"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1365,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1363\/revisions\/1365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}