{"id":1334,"date":"2025-10-24T05:30:59","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T21:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1334"},"modified":"2025-10-24T05:30:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T21:30:59","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%a5%bf%e6%96%b9%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%e3%80%8b-guide-book-to-western-thought","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1334","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u6307\u5357\u300b Guide Book to Western Thought"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0126<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u6307\u5357\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tGuide
\nBook to Western Thought<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u6307\u5357\u4e66<\/span><\/strong>\u8be6\u7ec6\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ece\u53e4\u4ee3\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u5206\u4e3a\u5341\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece<\/span>\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u4f26\u7406\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\uff0c\u5230<\/span>\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u963f\u594e\u90a3<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u5c55\u5230<\/span>\u8def\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u601d\u60f3\uff08<\/span>\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3<\/span>\u5eb7\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b66\uff08<\/span>\u65f6\u7a7a\u3001\u8303\u7574<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u4f26\u7406\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u90e8\u5206\u7740\u91cd\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u5982<\/span>\u5362\u68ad<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>\u8fa9\u8bc1\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u5c3c\u91c7<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u751f\u547d\u54f2\u5b66\uff08<\/span>\u8d85\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6b7b<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e0e\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u672c\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u6307\u5357\u300b\u7531<\/span> E. L. Allen (M.A., Ph.D., D.D.) <\/span>\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span> 1957 <\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5411\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u6570\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65f6\u671f\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u4e24\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8854\u63a5\u73af\u8282\u4f7f\u53d9\u4e8b\u4fdd\u6301\u8fde\u8d2f\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5047\u5b9a\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e3b\u9898\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u9700\u9884\u5148\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u529b\u6c42\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe<\/span> (PLATO)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tI. <\/span><\/b>\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95<\/span> (SOCRATES):<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6e90\u4e8e\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u89c6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u4eba\u7c7b\u5ea6\u8fc7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u575a\u6301\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b<\/span>\u7406\u6027\u5730<\/span><\/b>\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u666e\u904d\u539f\u5219\u6307\u5bfc\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e60\u4fd7\u6216\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u6562\u4e8e\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6467\u6bc1\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u57fa\u4e8e\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u3002\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684\u753b\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5c06\u7406\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u6000\u6709\u7684<\/span>\u4f7f\u547d\u611f<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tII. & III. <\/span><\/b>\u5f62\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba<\/span> (THE
\nTHEORY OF FORMS):<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u8c03\u548c\u8d6b\u62c9\u514b\u5229\u7279\uff08\u53d8\u5316\uff09\u4e0e\u5df4\u95e8\u5c3c\u5fb7\uff08\u6c38\u6052\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa<\/span>\u5f62\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u6c38\u6052\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u6c38\u6052\u66f4\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u3002<\/span>\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3001\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u6216\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u601d\u7ef4\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u611f\u5b98\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6479\u672c\u6216<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53c2\u4e0e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u611f\u5b98\u4e16\u754c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6216\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u4e16\u754c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684<\/span>\u5e95\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u666e\u904d\u6027\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6697\u793a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5373<\/span>\u56de\u5fc6<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5373\u7075\u9b42\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u524d\u5728\u795e\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c<\/span>\u5584<\/span><\/b>\u5904\u4e8e\u9876\u7aef\uff0c\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIV. <\/span><\/b>\u7075\u9b42<\/span> (THE SOUL):<\/span><\/b> \u7075\u9b42\u5728\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u952e\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7406\u667a\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u4f4e\u9636\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6e90\u4e8e\u5965\u5c14\u83f2\u65af\u6559\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7075\u9b42\u662f<\/span>\u88ab\u56da\u7981\u5728\u8089\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u5723\u5143\u7d20<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u6b7b\u4ea1\u56de\u5f52\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5c06\u7075\u9b42\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u9762\uff09\uff1a<\/span>\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u6fc0\u60c5<\/span>\/<\/span>\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u6b32\u671b<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>\u6b63\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tV. <\/span><\/b>\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span> (THE STATE):<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u8361\u548c\u96c5\u5178\u6c11\u4e3b\u5224\u5904\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u6b7b\u5211\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u4ed6\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\u6700\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7531\u4e0e\u7075\u9b42\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/span>\u536b\u58eb<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u58eb\u5175<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u8005\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u751f\u4ea7\u8005<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u536b\u58eb\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\uff09\u88ab\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e<\/span>\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u3002\u536b\u58eb\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u884c\u8d22\u4ea7\u516c\u6709\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u5f20\u53ea\u6709<\/span>\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7ec8\u6781\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5584\u7684\u613f\u666f\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u638c\u6743\uff0c\u57ce\u90a6\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVI. <\/span><\/b>\u8d77\u6e90<\/span> (ORIGINS):<\/span><\/b> \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u540e\u671f\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5f55\u300a\u8482\u8fc8\u6b27\u7bc7\u300b\uff08<\/span>Tim\u00e6us<\/span>\uff09\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5236\u9020\u8005\u548c\u7236\u4eb2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u6750\u6599\u6765\u5851\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99<\/span>\u2026\u2026<\/span>\u6700\u521d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u6218\u80dc\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7<\/span> (ARISTOTLE)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tI. <\/span><\/b>\u5bf9\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u6279\u8bc4<\/span> (CRITICISM OF PLATO):<\/span><\/b> \u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u8d28\u7591\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5c06\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5206\u79bb\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88<\/span>\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89c9<\/span><\/b>\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tII. <\/span><\/b>\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8d28\u6599<\/span> (FORM AND MATTER):<\/span><\/b> \u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7528<\/span>\u6f5c\u80fd\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6a61\u5b50\u6f5c\u5728\u5730\u662f\u6a61\u6811\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8d28\u6599<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6728\u5934\u662f\u8d28\u6599\uff0c\u8239\u6845\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u6784\u5efa\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u94fe<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>the
\ngreat chain of being<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7ea7\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u662f<\/span>\u7eaf\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5206\u6790\u4e86<\/span>\u56db\u56e0\u8bf4<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u76ee\u7684\u56e0<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIII. <\/span><\/b>\u7075\u9b42<\/span> (THE SOUL):<\/span><\/b> \u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5c06\u7075\u9b42\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a<\/span>\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u751f\u7406\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7075\u9b42\u662f\u975e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7075\u9b42\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762\uff1a<\/span>\u8425\u517b<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u690d\u7269\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u611f\u77e5<\/span>\/<\/span>\u6b32\u671b<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u52a8\u7269\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u533a\u5206\u4e86<\/span>\u88ab\u52a8\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u4e3b\u52a8\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e3a<\/span>\u4e3b\u52a8\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u4e3b\u5f20\u5176\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u673d\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIV. <\/span><\/b>\u4f26\u7406\u5b66<\/span> (ETHICS):<\/span><\/b> \u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u5584<\/span><\/b>\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u9519\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5584\u662f<\/span>\u5e78\u798f<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5e78\u798f\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7279\u6709\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u7406\u6027\uff09\u7684\u65e0\u788d\u53d1\u6325\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u7f8e\u5fb7\u662f<\/span>\u6027\u683c\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e60\u60ef\u517b\u6210\u3002\u7f8e\u5fb7\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6027\u683c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u5904\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u7684<\/span>\u4e2d\u9053<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>mean<\/span>\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u9009\u62e9<\/span>\u6c89\u601d<\/span>\/<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u795e\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tV. <\/span><\/b>\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66<\/span> (POLITICS):<\/span><\/b> \u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff1b\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7f8e\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5426\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u533a\u5206\u771f\u5047\u653f\u4f53\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6700\u8d5e\u540c<\/span>\u5171\u548c\u653f\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>constitutional government<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u6743\u529b\u5f52\u4e8e<\/span>\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVI. <\/span><\/b>\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/span> (GOD):<\/span><\/b> \u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u54f2\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff09\u5bfb\u6c42\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u5730\u5fc3\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u3002\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u6e90\u5934\uff1a<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u63a8\u52a8\u8005<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>First Mover<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7942\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u6765\u79fb\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c<\/span>\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u795e\u610f\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bf9\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u601d\u7ef4<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01<\/span> (AUGUSTINE)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tI. <\/span><\/b>\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559<\/span> (PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION):<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u8036\u7a23\u5728\u5f7c\u62c9\u591a\u624b\u4e0b\u53d7\u96be\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u901a\u8fc7\u7eb3\u5165\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u66fe\u53d7<\/span>\u6469\u5c3c\u6559<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e3b\u5f20\u5584\u6076\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff09\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u540e\u501f\u52a9\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f6c\u5411\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tII. <\/span><\/b>\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u7406\u6027<\/span> (FAITH AND REASON):<\/span><\/b> \u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4fe1\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u6545\u6211\u5728<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa<\/span>\u771f\u7406\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9<\/span>\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5982\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span>\/<\/span>\u666e\u904d\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/b>\u6c38\u6052\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIII. <\/span><\/b>\u53cd\u5bf9\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u5f92<\/span> (AGAINST
\nTHE MANICHEES):<\/span><\/b> \u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u4e3b\u5f20\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u90aa\u6076\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u6076\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u540e\u6765\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u6076\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span>\u5584\u7684\u7f3a\u5931<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>privation of good<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u7f6a\u6076\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4eba\u5c06\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u8d50\u8f6c\u5411\u6069\u8d50\u8005\u3002\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u5e76\u975e\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u7269\u8d28\u6240\u56f0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u4f7f\u4e2d\u5982\u6b64\u610f\u613f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIV. <\/span><\/b>\u53cd\u5bf9\u591a\u7eb3\u56fe\u6d3e<\/span> (AGAINST THE DONATISTS):<\/span><\/b> \u591a\u7eb3\u56fe\u6d3e\u4e3b\u5f20\u6559\u4f1a\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301\u7eaf\u6d01\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u7eb3\u5728\u5927\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e2d\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u4f1a\u7684<\/span>\u7edf\u4e00\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>ecumenical fellowship<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u6574\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\u4f18\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6574\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u6069\u5178\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u4ed6\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u5723\u793c\u7684<\/span>\u6709\u6548\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\uff09\u548c\u5176<\/span>\u529f\u6548<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u53ea\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u56e2\u5951\u4e2d\u751f\u6548\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tV. <\/span><\/b>\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u6d3e<\/span> (AGAINST THE PELAGIANS):<\/span><\/b> \u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u7684<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u9075\u884c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5219\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u539f\u7f6a<\/span><\/b>\u6c61\u67d3\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ea\u6709<\/span>\u6069\u5178<\/span><\/b>\u624d\u80fd\u62ef\u6551\u3002\u4ed6\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86<\/span>\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Predestination<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u51ed\u4e3b\u6743\u610f\u5fd7\u9009\u62e9\u65bd\u4e88\u6216\u6536\u56de\u6069\u5178\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6069\u5178\u5e76\u975e\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f<\/span>\u771f\u6b63\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVI. <\/span><\/b>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u57ce<\/span> (THE CITY OF GOD):<\/span><\/b> \u8fd9\u90e8\u5de8\u8457\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u88ab\u6d17\u52ab\uff08<\/span>410<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u662f<\/span>\u5730\u4e0a\u4e4b\u57ce<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4ee5\u8511\u89c6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u7231\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff09\u4e0e<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u57ce<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4ee5\u8511\u89c6\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u7231\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u548c\u5e73<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5584\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u533a\u5206\u4e86<\/span>\u6709\u5f62\u6559\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u65e0\u5f62\u6559\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u540e\u6765\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u65b0\u6559\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u963f\u594e\u90a3<\/span> (AQUINAS)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tI. <\/span><\/b>\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u7406\u6027<\/span> (FAITH AND REASON):<\/span><\/b> \u963f\u594e\u90a3\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7eb3\u5165\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u4ed6\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u4e24\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u53d7\u7406\u6027\u652f\u914d\uff09\u548c\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u53d7\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u652f\u914d\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u771f\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tII. <\/span><\/b>\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b66<\/span> (NATURAL THEOLOGY):<\/span><\/b> \u4ed6\u533a\u5206\u4e86<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u6027\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u542f\u793a\u795e\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u8bc1\u660e\uff08\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Five Ways<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4ece\u611f\u5b98\u7ecf\u9a8c\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u5076\u7136\u6027\u3001\u7b49\u7ea7\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIII. <\/span><\/b>\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span> (OUR
\nKNOWLEDGE OF GOD):<\/span><\/b> \u963f\u594e\u90a3\u53d7\u4f2a\u4e22\u5c3c\u4fee\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684<\/span>\u79ef\u6781\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u6d88\u6781\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5426\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u7c7b\u6bd4\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>analogy<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65f6\u65e2\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u6beb\u65e0\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u54c1\u8d28\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIV. <\/span><\/b>\u7f6a\u4e0e\u6551\u8d4e<\/span> (SIN AND SALVATION):<\/span><\/b> \u4eba\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u81ea\u7136\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684<\/span>\u539f\u521d\u6b63\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>\u539f\u7f6a<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u59cb\u7956\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u540e\u4ee3\u4e27\u5931\u539f\u521d\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86<\/span>\u79c1\u6b32<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>concupiscence<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u7f6a\u8d23\u3002\u6551\u8d4e\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u548c\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u901a\u8fc7\u53d7\u96be\u4e3a\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86<\/span>\u6ee1\u8db3<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>satisfaction<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u5211\u7f5a\u503a\u52a1\u4e2d\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u67a2\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u81ea\u7136\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u795e\u5b66\u7f8e\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7531\u6069\u5178\u6ce8\u5165\uff09\u7684\u4e24\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tV. <\/span><\/b>\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5723\u793c<\/span> (CHURCH AND SACRAMENT):<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u7684<\/span>\u5965\u79d8\u8eab\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>mystical body<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4e03\u5723\u793c\u8c61\u5f81\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u795e\u5723\u6069\u5178\u3002\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u7528\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u5076\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\u53d8\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>transubstantiation<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u9762\u5305\u548c\u9152\u7684<\/span>\u5b9e\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u8840\uff0c\u4f46\u5176<\/span>\u5076\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u5916\u89c2\u3001\u5473\u9053\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u5f25\u6492\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u732e\u796d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVI. <\/span><\/b>\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66<\/span> (POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY):<\/span><\/b> \u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u6c38\u6052\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6cbb\u7406\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7406\u6027\u751f\u7269\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6cd5\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u4eba\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u5b9e\u5728\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u4eba\u6027\u3001\u65e8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\u6df7\u5408\u653f\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a<\/span>\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7<\/span><\/b>\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u5f3a\u8c03\u62e5\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u8005\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u8def\u5fb7<\/span> (LUTHER)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tI. <\/span><\/b>\u80cc\u666f<\/span> (THE BACKGROUND):<\/span><\/b> \u8def\u5fb7\u53d7\u5965\u5361\u59c6\uff08<\/span>Occam<\/span>\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u7406\u6027\u548c\u542f\u793a\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u89e6\u53d1\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u662f\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u4f1a\u5546\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tII. <\/span><\/b>\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49<\/span> (JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH):<\/span><\/b> \u8def\u5fb7\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5fcf\u6094\u7eaa\u5f8b\u83b7\u5f97\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u5e73\u5b89\u3002\u5728\u7814\u8bfb\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u9886\u609f\u5230<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e49\u662f\u7942\u65bd\u4e88\u7684\u601c\u60af<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7942\u5411\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/span>\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u5168\u4ea4\u6258\u7ed9\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b64\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5728<\/span>\u7231\u4e2d\u6d3b\u8dc3<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIII. <\/span><\/b>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9690\u4e0e\u663e<\/span> (GOD
\nHIDDEN AND REVEALED):<\/span><\/b> \u8def\u5fb7\u533a\u5206\u4e86<\/span>\u9690\u853d\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Deus absconditus<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f8b\u6cd5\u548c\u6124\u6012\u76f8\u5173\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u542f\u793a\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Deus revelatus<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u6069\u5178\u548c\u8d66\u514d\uff09\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0e\u4f0a\u62c9\u65af\u8c1f\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u6346\u7ed1<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62ef\u6551\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIV. <\/span><\/b>\u8ba9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/span> (LET GOD BE GOD):<\/span><\/b> \u8def\u5fb7\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u8bd5\u56fe\u7be1\u593a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8363\u8000\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u5584\u529f<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u8d62\u5f97\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3001\u5c06\u6559\u7687\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u654c\u57fa\u7763<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u50ed\u8d8a\u4e86\u552f\u72ec\u5f52\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8363\u8000\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u5f25\u6492\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e0\u6cd5\u6297\u62d2\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u727a\u7272\u732e\u796d\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u51e1\u4e0d\u5ba3\u8bb2\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tV. <\/span><\/b>\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u91cc\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span> (FREEDOM IN GOD):<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u88ab\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u662f\u5168\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u670d\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002<\/span>\u2026\u2026<\/span>\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u662f\u5168\u7136\u5c3d\u804c\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u4eba<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u662f<\/span>\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f7f\u4eba\u4ece\u8d62\u5f97\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u7126\u8651\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8499\u53ec<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>vocation<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u4e3a\u796d\u53f8<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVI. <\/span><\/b>\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span> (CHURCH AND STATE):<\/span><\/b> \u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\u4e8c\u5143\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>dualism<\/span>\uff09\u6216<\/span>\u5f20\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u56e2\u5951\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684<\/span>\u4e8c\u5143\u9886\u57df\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Two Realms<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span>\u7cbe\u795e\u653f\u5e9c<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u9053\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u4eba\u516c\u4e49\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u6c38\u751f\uff1b<\/span>\u4e16\u4fd7\u653f\u5e9c<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5200\u5251\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684<\/span>\u6b21\u8981\u610f\u5fd7<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u5236\u7ea6\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u548c\u7834\u574f\u6027\u51b2\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14<\/span> (DESCARTES)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tI. <\/span><\/b>\u80cc\u666f<\/span> (BACKGROUND):<\/span><\/b> \u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u548c<\/span>\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span><\/b>\u4e0e<\/span>\u6570\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u878d\u5408\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002<\/span>\u73b0\u5b9e<\/span><\/b>\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u8d28<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>primary qualities<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u989c\u8272\u3001\u5473\u9053\u7b49<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6027\u8d28<\/span><\/b>\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u3002\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u5c06\u6570\u5b66\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u7269\u7406\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tII. <\/span><\/b>\u6211\u601d\uff0c\u6545\u6211\u5728<\/span> (I THINK, THEREFORE I AM):<\/span><\/b> \u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u666e\u904d\u6000\u7591<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u786e\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u601d\uff0c\u6545\u6211\u5728<\/span>\u201d (<\/span>Cogito, ergo sum<\/span><\/i>)<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u786e\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u601d\u7ef4\u4e4b\u7269<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f<\/span>\u65e0\u9650<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684<\/span>\u771f\u5b9e\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u6670\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIII. <\/span><\/b>\u5fc3\u7075\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53<\/span> (MIND AND
\nBODY):<\/span><\/b> \u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff08<\/span>\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff09\uff1a<\/span>\u5fc3\u7075<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u672c\u8d28\u662f<\/span>\u601d\u7ef4<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u7269\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u672c\u8d28\u662f<\/span>\u5e7f\u5ef6<\/span><\/b>\uff09\u3002\u8eab\u4f53\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u673a\u5668<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u5fc3\u7075\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u677e\u679c\u817a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>pineal gland<\/span>\uff09\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIV. <\/span><\/b>\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef<\/span> (TRUTH AND ERROR):<\/span><\/b> \u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u662f<\/span>\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u6670\u7684\u9886\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e<\/span>\u610f\u5fd7<\/span><\/b>\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u5730<\/span><\/b>\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u6216\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/span>\u5929\u8d4b\u89c2\u5ff5<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>innate ideas<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tV. <\/span><\/b>\u81ea\u7531<\/span> (FREEDOM):<\/span><\/b> \u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684<\/span>\u610f\u5fd7\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u7406\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u662f\u878d\u5408\u7684\uff1a<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u521b\u9020\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span>\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u610f\u5fd7\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u52a8\u7269\u7cbe\u795e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u652f\u914d\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u652f\u914d\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u677e\u679c\u817a\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVI. <\/span><\/b>\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005<\/span> (SUCCESSORS OF DESCARTES):<\/span><\/b> \u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5e7f\u5ef6\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u5176\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a<\/span>\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u5b9e\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff09\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u5219\u653b\u51fb\u5929\u8d4b\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u5fc3\u7075\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u767d\u677f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>blank sheet of paper<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7<\/span> (KANT)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tI. <\/span><\/b>\u77e5\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE):<\/span><\/b> \u5eb7\u5fb7\u53d7\u5230\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ece\u72ec\u65ad\u8bba\u7684\u6c89\u7761\u4e2d\u60ca\u9192<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8d28\u6599\u7531\u611f\u5b98\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u800c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7531\u77e5\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tII. <\/span><\/b>\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4<\/span> (SPACE AND TIME):<\/span><\/b> \u5eb7\u5fb7\u79f0\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5f0f\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\uff1a\u5ba2\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/span>\u73b0\u8c61<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e<\/span>\u81ea\u5728\u4e4b\u7269<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span>\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u7075\u56fa\u6709\u7684<\/span>\u76f4\u89c2\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u6b64\u628a\u63e1\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIII. <\/span><\/b>\u77e5\u6027<\/span> (THE
\nUNDERSTANDING):<\/span><\/b> \u77e5\u6027\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u8303\u7574<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Categories<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3001\u793e\u7fa4\uff09\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u611f\u5b98\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u7edf\u4e00\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u3002<\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u7684<\/span>\u5fc5\u7136\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u5e76\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u77e5\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u539f\u5219\u3002\u77e5\u6027\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIV. <\/span><\/b>\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7406\u5ff5<\/span> (THE IDEAS OF REASON):<\/span><\/b> \u7406\u6027\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\uff1a<\/span>\u7075\u9b42\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f<\/span>\u8c03\u8282\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>regulative<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bc1\u660e\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e<\/span>\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tV. <\/span><\/b>\u4f26\u7406\u5b66<\/span> (ETHICS):<\/span><\/b> \u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u65e0\u79c1<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u547d\u4ee4\u662f<\/span>\u7edd\u5bf9\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>categorical imperative<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u670d\u4ece\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u5e94\u80fd\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u5316\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5219\uff1b\u5f85\u4eba\u5e94\u4ee5<\/span>\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u800c\u975e<\/span>\u624b\u6bb5<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u6027\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa<\/span>\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec<\/span>\u8bbe\u60f3<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>postulate<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u673d<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9053\u5fb7\u5b8c\u5584\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u5fb7\u6027\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVI. <\/span><\/b>\u7f8e\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684<\/span> (BEAUTY AND PURPOSE):<\/span><\/b> \u5eb7\u5fb7\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u6279\u5224\u300b\u8bd5\u56fe\u8c03\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u7f8e\u88ab\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a<\/span>  \u201c<\/span>\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5408\u76ee\u7684\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>purposive without purpose<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u79c1\u7684\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9700\u8981<\/span><\/b>\u76ee\u7684\u8bba<\/span>  <\/span>\uff08<\/span>teleological<\/span>\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u62b5\u6297\u673a\u68b0\u8bba\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c06\u76ee\u7684\u5f52\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u8c03\u8282\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u516b\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5362\u68ad<\/span> (ROUSSEAU)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tI. <\/span><\/b>\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u6cd5\u56fd<\/span> (EIGHTEENTH CENTURY FRANCE):<\/span><\/b> \u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u548c<\/span>\u8fdb\u6b65<\/span><\/b>\u53ca<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u5b8c\u5584\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/span>\u542f\u8499\u54f2\u4eba<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>philosophes<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u8fd0\u7528\u8bbd\u523a\u548c\u7406\u6027\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tII. <\/span><\/b>\u5362\u68ad\u5176\u4eba<\/span> (ROUSSEAU THE MAN):<\/span><\/b> \u5362\u68ad\u5728\u300a\u5fcf\u6094\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u5229\u5df1\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u6781\u5ea6\u7684<\/span>\u771f\u8bda<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u65f6\u4ee3\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/b>\u3001\u89e3\u653e\u548c\u8868\u8fbe<\/span>\u60c5\u611f\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u611f\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u7f8e\u666f<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6d1e\u5bdf\u548c\u6b23\u8d4f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIII. <\/span><\/b>\u4eba\u6027<\/span> (HUMAN
\nNATURE):<\/span><\/b> \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u827a\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65<\/span>\u8d25\u574f\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa<\/span>\u4eba\u5929\u7136\u662f\u5584\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u8d25\u574f\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u5b8c\u5584\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d25\u574f\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u707e\u96be<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIV. <\/span><\/b>\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (EDUCATION):<\/span><\/b> \u300a\u7231\u5f25\u513f\u300b\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>  \u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7136<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2<\/span>  <\/span>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5141\u8bb8\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u540e\u679c<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5956\u60e9\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u4e8b\u7269<\/span><\/b>\u800c\u975e\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u4f20\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tV. <\/span><\/b>\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6<\/span> (THE SOCIAL CONTRACT):<\/span><\/b> \u5362\u68ad\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u7ea6\u675f<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5168\u90e8\u529b\u91cf\u7f6e\u4e8e<\/span>\u516c\u610f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>general will<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u5bfc\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u516c\u610f\u662f<\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u9519\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5168\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u516c\u610f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f17\u610f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>the will of all<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u670d\u4ece\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c06\u88ab<\/span>\u8feb\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVI. <\/span><\/b>\u5b97\u6559<\/span> (RELIGION):<\/span><\/b> \u5362\u68ad\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u5185\u5fc3\u611f\u89c9<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u7684<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u90aa\u6076\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fc7\u4e8e<\/span>\u51fa\u4e16<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u516c\u6c11\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>civil religion<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6559\u6761\u7531\u4e3b\u6743\u4eba\u6c11\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u5bf9\u8fdd\u53cd\u8005\u65bd\u4ee5\u6b7b\u5211\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e5d\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d<\/span> (MARX)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tI. <\/span><\/b>\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u4e0e\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6d3e<\/span> (HEGEL AND THE HEGELIANS):<\/span><\/b> \u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86<\/span>\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>thesis-antithesis-synthesis<\/span>\uff09\u6765\u628a\u63e1\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u7edd\u5bf9\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Absolute Spirit<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6d3e\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a<\/span>\u53f3\u7ffc<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7ef4\u62a4\u73b0\u72b6\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u5de6\u7ffc<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5bfb\u6c42\u53d8\u9769\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tII. <\/span><\/b>\u8d85\u8d8a\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8<\/span> (BEYOND FEUERBACH):<\/span><\/b> \u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u795e\u5b66\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6295\u5c04\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u540c\u610f\u5b97\u6559\u662f<\/span>\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u672c\u8d28\u8fc7\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4eba\u662f<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u6539\u53d8<\/span><\/b>\u4e16\u754c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIII. <\/span><\/b>\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u8bba<\/span> (THE THEORY
\nOF VALUE):<\/span><\/b> \u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc5\u8981\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8d85\u8fc7\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5dee\u989d\u5373\u4e3a<\/span>\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>surplus value<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u65e0\u507f\u5360\u6709\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f<\/span>\u5265\u524a<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIV. <\/span><\/b>\u8fa9\u8bc1\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM):<\/span><\/b> \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u9996\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/b>\u5236\u7ea6\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u610f\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u9075\u5faa\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u5f53<\/span>\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u4ea7\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b58\u7684<\/span>\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u8d22\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u542f\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5b8c\u5168\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u524d\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tV. <\/span><\/b>\u9636\u7ea7\u6218\u4e89<\/span> (CLASS WAR):<\/span><\/b> \u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b<\/span>\u5265\u524a\u8005<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u8005<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u9636\u7ea7\u90fd\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684<\/span>\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u662f<\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5bfc\u5411\u6700\u7ec8\u7684<\/span>\u65e0\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVI. <\/span><\/b>\u515a<\/span> (THE PARTY):<\/span><\/b> \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e2\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u6709\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u4e3a<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u6f14\u53d8\u503e\u5411\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u9769\u547d\u503e\u5411\uff09\u3002\u5217\u5b81\uff08<\/span>Lenin<\/span>\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165<\/span>\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u89c9\u548c\u6709\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684<\/span>\u7cbe\u82f1\u96c6\u56e2<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u515a\uff09\u6765\u593a\u53d6\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u884c\u4f7f<\/span>\u4e13\u653f<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u5341\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5c3c\u91c7<\/span> (NIETZSCHE)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tI. <\/span><\/b>\u9893\u5e9f <\/span>(DEC A DE NC E):<\/span><\/b> \u5c3c\u91c7\u8bca\u65ad\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5904\u4e8e<\/span>\u9893\u5e9f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>decadence<\/span>\uff09\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5e73\u5eb8\uff0c\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u53d6\u4ee3\u667a\u6167\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u65e9\u5df2\u80cc\u5f03\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u865a\u4f2a\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u80a9\u8d1f\u7740\u514b\u670d\u5371\u673a\u548c<\/span>\u91cd\u4f30\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tII. <\/span><\/b>\u80af\u5b9a\u751f\u547d<\/span> (SAY ‘YES’ TO LIFE):<\/span><\/b> \u5c3c\u91c7\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86<\/span>\u523b\u610f\u80af\u5b9a<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u533a\u5206\u4e3a<\/span>\u72c4\u4fc4\u5c3c\u7d22\u65af<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Dionysus<\/span>\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u521b\u9020\u3001\u72c2\u559c\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Apollo<\/span>\uff0c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u7406\u6027\u3001\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\u72c4\u4fc4\u5c3c\u7d22\u65af\u5f0f\u60b2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5373\u5373\u4f7f\u9762\u5bf9\u6700\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u4e5f\u8981\u80af\u5b9a\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u80af\u5b9a\u6784\u6210\u4e86<\/span>\u6c38\u6052\u8f6e\u56de<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Eternal Recurrence<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIII. <\/span><\/b>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6b7b<\/span> (THE DEATH
\nOF GOD):<\/span><\/b> \u201c<\/span>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6b7b<\/span><\/b>\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de8\u53d8\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u4e34<\/span>\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Nihilism<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c\u91cd\u4f30<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>transvaluation
\nof values<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6743\u529b\u610f\u5fd7<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Will to Power<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u4e3b\u5f20\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIV. <\/span><\/b>\u6743\u529b\u610f\u5fd7<\/span> (THE WILL TO POWER):<\/span><\/b> \u6743\u529b\u610f\u5fd7<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u5e94\u7136\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u7fa4\u4f53\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>herd morality<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u662f\u7531\u5f31\u8005\u51fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u6028\u6068<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>resentment<\/span>\uff09\u6240\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u675f\u7f1a\u548c\u8d2c\u4f4e\u5f3a\u8005\u3002\u4ef7\u503c\u91cd\u4f30\u65e8\u5728\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ad8\u8d35\u4e0e\u5351\u8d31<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\u53d6\u4ee3<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5584\u4e0e\u6076<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6743\u529b\u610f\u5fd7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u662f\u5766\u8bda\u3001\u771f\u8bda\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u7eaa\u5f8b\u8fbe\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tV. <\/span><\/b>\u8d85\u4eba<\/span> (THE SUPERMAN):<\/span><\/b> \u8d85\u4eba\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u662f<\/span>\u5927\u5730\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4eba\u662f\u4ecb\u4e8e\u91ce\u517d\u548c\u8d85\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684<\/span>\u7ef3\u7d22<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8d85\u4eba\u662f<\/span>\u9ad8\u8d35<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5353\u8d8a\u80fd\u529b\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65bd\u4e88\u7f8e\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u8d35\u65cf<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u52a8\u7269\u6027\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3001\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6709<\/span>\u98ce\u683c<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVI. <\/span><\/b>\u654c\u57fa\u7763<\/span> (ANTICHRIST):<\/span><\/b> \u5c3c\u91c7\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684<\/span>\u4f26\u7406\u89c2<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f<\/span>\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\u7231\u6700\u9065\u8fdc\u8005<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7231\u90bb\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u8036\u7a23\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u53cd\u53db\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u8d23\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u662f\u865a\u4f2a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u75c5\u6001\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\u627e\u501f\u53e3\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u533a\u5206\u5176\u7f8e\u5fb7\u662f<\/span>\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/b>\u8fd8\u662f<\/span>\u8f6f\u5f31<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t