{"id":1309,"date":"2025-10-22T19:16:08","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T11:16:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1309"},"modified":"2025-10-22T19:16:08","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T11:16:08","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%94%9f%e6%b4%bb%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e6%96%87%e5%ba%93%ef%bc%9a%e5%be%b7%e5%9b%bd%e3%80%8bgermany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1309","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5e93\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u300bGermany"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0120<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a<\/strong><\/span>\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5e93\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\u300b<\/strong><\/span>Germany<\/strong><\/span><\/u>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a<\/span>\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5e93\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u7531\u7279\u4f26\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u666e\u91cc\u8482\u64b0\u5199\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7f16\u8f91\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u5fb7\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u4eba\u6c11<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6982\u89c8\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fb7\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u56f4\u7ed5\u6218\u540e<\/span>\u897f\u5fb7\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u8ff9\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6784\u5efa<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u6bd4\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86<\/span>\u4e1c\u5fb7\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u9634\u5f71\u4e0b\u7684\u4e25\u5cfb\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u8feb<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fd8\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86<\/span>\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u4ea7\u3001\u5730\u7406\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u5206\u88c2\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u5fc3\u7406\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86<\/span>\u67cf\u6797\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51b7\u6218\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u90e8\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u300b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff08\u51fa\u81ea<\/span> LIFE WORLD LIBRARY <\/span>\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u7531\u7279\u4f26\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u666e\u91cc\u8482\u53ca\u300a<\/span>LIFE<\/span>\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7f16\u8f91\u64b0\u5199\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u8d44\u6599\u6574\u7406\u7684\u5404\u7ae0\u8282\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e66\u540d\uff1a\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u300b\uff08<\/span>LIFE WORLD LIBRARY<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b> \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u7279\u4f26\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u666e\u91cc\u8482\uff08<\/span>Terence Prittie<\/span>\uff09\u53ca\u300a<\/span>LIFE<\/span>\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7f16\u8f91 <\/span>\u51fa\u7248\u5e74\u4efd\uff08\u4fee\u8ba2\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> 1963<\/span>\u5e74<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\uff08<\/span>Introduction<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\u7531\u82f1\u5fb7\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5384\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u56fe\u5c3c\u65af\u64b0\u5199\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u8d5e\u626c\u5fb7\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u7eaa\u5f8b\u4e25\u660e\u3001\u52c7\u6562\u4e14\u80fd\u5e72\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7591\u95ee\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u827a\u672f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u6d3b\u52a8\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u86ca\u60d1\u5e76\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u6050\u6016\u653f\u6743\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1f\u666e\u91cc\u8482\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6b63\u662f\u63ed\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c1c\u56e2\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e8f\u8a00\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6218\u540e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e1c\u897f\u5fb7\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u590d\u6742\u5c40\u52bf\u4e0b\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86<\/span>\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u7e41\u8363\u4e14\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u897f\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\u4ece\u5e9f\u589f\u4e2d\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u4fc4\u56fd\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u4e25\u9177\u3001\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u4e1c\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u96c6\u6743\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u4e14\u5145\u6ee1\u5371\u9669\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>1<\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u6709\u7eaa\u5f8b\u548c\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff08<\/span>A People of
\nDiscipline and Energy<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\u5f53\u4ee3\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u60c5\u7eea\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7d27\u8feb\u611f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u8282\u594f\u98de\u5feb\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u672c\u80fd\u5730\u9075\u5b88\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea4\u901a\u566a\u97f3\u5927\u3001\u8f66\u901f\u5feb\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9053\u8def\u4e8b\u6545\u7387\u9ad8\uff08<\/span>1960<\/span>\u5e74\u897f\u5fb7\u6709<\/span>1.4<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u50b2\u6162\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u4fb5\u7565\u6027\uff08\u5982\u9a6c\u4e01<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf9\u53db\u4e71\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u4ee3\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u826f\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u52e4\u594b\u3001\u5b88\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u91cd\u89c6\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5730\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u5b83\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5929\u7136\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08\u67cf\u6797\u76f4\u5230<\/span>1871<\/span>\u5e74\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u9996\u90fd\uff09\u3002\u6218\u540e\u5fb7\u56fd\u88ab\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\uff1a\u897f\u5fb7\u8054\u90a6\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3001\u4e1c\u5fb7\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3001\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u6ce2\u5170\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u517c\u5e76\u7684\u539f\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7701\u4efd\u3002\u8fd9\u6761<\/span>800<\/span>\u82f1\u91cc\u957f\u7684<\/span>\u4e1c\u897f\u5fb7\u8fb9\u754c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8fb9\u754c<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u897f\u5fb7\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u662f<\/span>\u7e41\u8363<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6c11\u4f17\u8863\u7740\u6574\u6d01\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b89\u9759\u3001\u8c26\u900a\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u5e76\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e1c\u5fb7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u7070\u8272\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u8857\u9053\u4e0a\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7b11\u5bb9\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u91cd\u7ec4\uff08\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u6d8c\u5165\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7a00\u91ca\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u4eba\u72e1\u733e\uff0c\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u7c97\u9c81\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>2<\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u8ffd\u6c42\uff08<\/span>The Unresolved
\nQuest for Unity<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u957f\u671f\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u5e38\u6001\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5730\u5904\u6b27\u6d32\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\uff08\u6761\u987f\u3001\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u3001\u9a6c\u624e\u5c14\u7b49\uff09\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u901a\u9053\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u83b1\u8335\u6cb3\u4ee5\u897f\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u5927\u5e1d\uff08<\/span>Charlemagne<\/span>\uff09\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u7684<\/span>\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span><\/b>\u5c06\u5fb7\u56fd\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u4e0e\u6559\u7687\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u7eb7\u4e89\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\u3002<\/span>\u9a6c\u4e01<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>1517<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5317\u90e8\u65b0\u6559\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684<\/span>\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>1618-1648<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5177\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u9510\u51cf\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86<\/span>300<\/span>\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u666e\u9c81\u58eb<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Prussia<\/span>\uff09\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7f8e\u5fb7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3001\u8282\u4fed\u548c\u52e4\u594b\uff09\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\uff08<\/span>Napoleon<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u6e05\u9664\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u5c0f\u90a6\u56fd\u3002<\/span>1848<\/span>\u5e74\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e3a<\/span>\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Bismarck<\/span>\uff09\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u94c1\u8840\u653f\u7b56<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5728<\/span>1871<\/span>\u5e74\u5b9e\u73b0\u5fb7\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5916\u4ea4\u624b\u8155\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u88ab<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5305\u56f4<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u6700\u7ec8\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u300b<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Treaty of Versailles<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u82db\u523b\u6761\u4ef6\u50ac\u751f\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u80cc\u540e\u4e00\u5200<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u4e86<\/span>\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Weimar Republic<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>1929<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u548c\u6208\u7279\u65bd\u7279\u96f7\u6cfd\u66fc\uff08<\/span>Stresemann<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u901d\u4e16\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u89e3\u4f53\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff08<\/span>Hitler<\/span>\uff09\u5229\u7528\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u548c\u5bf9\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0e\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span>1933<\/span>\u5e74\u4e0a\u53f0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<\/span>\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7684\u706d\u4ea1<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>3<\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff08<\/span>Construction of a
\nStable State<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8bf8\u795e\u9ec4\u660f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Gotterd\u00e4mmerung<\/span>\uff09\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728<\/span>1945<\/span>\u5e74\u5f7b\u5e95\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u6218\u8d25\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u76df\u56fd\u8ba1\u5212\u60e9\u7f5a\u5fb7\u56fd\uff08\u5206\u533a\u5360\u9886\u3001\u62c6\u9664\u8d54\u507f\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u67cf\u6797\u5c01\u9501<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>1948-1949<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u76df\u56fd\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5bf9\u5fb7\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u897f\u5fb7\u81ea\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1949\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>\u897f\u5fb7\u300a\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u300b<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Basic Law<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u7acb\u4e86<\/span>\u603b\u7406<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u4f4d\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u6295\u7968<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u673a\u5236\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u767b\u7eb3<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Konrad Adenauer<\/span>\uff09\u8fde\u7eed\u6267\u653f\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u827e\u54c8\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Ludwig Erhard<\/span>\uff09\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u653f\u7b56\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u82cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u963f\u767b\u7eb3\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8bc4\uff1a<\/span>\u6743\u529b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u603b\u7406\u4e00\u4eba<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u603b\u7406\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u9662\uff08<\/span>Bundestag<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u524d\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u5982\u6c49\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u683c\u6d1b\u5e03\u514b\u3001\u7279\u5965\u591a\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5965\u4f2f\u5170\u5fb7\uff09\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u897f\u5fb7\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u671d\u7740\u4e24\u515a\u5236\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\uff08<\/span>Social Democrats<\/span>\uff09\u56e0\u67cf\u6797\u5e02\u957f\u7ef4\u5229<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u52c3\u5170\u7279\uff08<\/span>Willy Brandt<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u751f\u3002\u6218\u540e\u897f\u5fb7\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u6e34\u671b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u8054\u76df\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>4<\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u7e41\u8363\u91cd\u751f\uff08<\/span>A Prosperity Reborn<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u6781\u5ea6\u56f0\u82e6\u7684\u666f\u8c61\uff1a\u98df\u7269\u77ed\u7f3a\u3001\u9ed1\u5e02\u7316\u7357\u3001\u666e\u904d\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26<\/span>\u9c81\u5c14\u533a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Ruhr<\/span>\uff09\u53d7\u5230\u76df\u519b\u8f70\u70b8\u548c\u62c6\u9664\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7834\u574f\u3002\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u51fa\u73b0\u5728<\/span>1948<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>1952<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u7164\u94a2\u5171\u540c\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>European Coal and Steel
\nCommunity<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u897f\u5fb7\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u8ff9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4ee4\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\uff1a<\/span>1950<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1960<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u589e\u957f<\/span>161%<\/span>\uff0c\u94a2\u94c1\u4ea7\u91cf\u7ffb\u4e24\u756a\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u94a2\u94c1\u751f\u4ea7\u56fd\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u9a6c\u514b\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u52e4\u594b\uff1b<\/span>\u827e\u54c8\u5fb7\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/b>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6fc0\u52b1\uff1b\u5de5\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u514b\u5236\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u6781\u5c11\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5403\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u652f\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u3002\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5de8\u5934\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08\u5982\u7535\u5b50\u4e1a\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u683c\u4f26\u8fea\u5e0c<\/span> Grundig<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u4f4f\u623f\u6761\u4ef6\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u53e3\u4ecd\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\uff08<\/span>1946<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1960<\/span>\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u4ece<\/span>4400<\/span>\u4e07\u589e\u81f3<\/span>5250<\/span>\u4e07\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u8001\u4e00\u8f88\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>\u7e41\u8363\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u9996\u8981\u539f\u56e0<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>5<\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u4e0b\uff08<\/span>In the Shadow of the
\nSoviet<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u805a\u7126\u4e1c\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>GDR<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u76f4\u5230<\/span>1961<\/span>\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u5371\u673a\u524d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ecd\u6709\u7ea6<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e07\u4e1c\u5fb7\u96be\u6c11\u9003\u5f80\u897f\u5fb7\u3002\u4e1c\u5fb7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u8b66\u5bdf\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728<\/span>\u7edf\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\uff08<\/span>SED<\/span>\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e66\u8bb0\u74e6\u5c14\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4e4c\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Walter Ulbricht<\/span>\uff09\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u8b66\u5bdf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e9e\u5927\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u6c11\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u8fb9\u5883\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\uff09\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u902e\u6355\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e1c\u5fb7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5982\u897f\u5fb7\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u5747\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ea7\u503c\u7ea6\u4e3a\u897f\u5fb7\u7684<\/span>70%<\/span>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u6301\u7eed\u7684<\/span>\u94c0\u77ff\u8d54\u507f\u63d0\u53d6<\/span><\/b>\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u91cd\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e1c\u5fb7\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u957f\u671f\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002\u4e1c\u5fb7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u7070\u8272\u3001\u4e25\u8083\u4e14\u4e86\u65e0\u751f\u6c14\u7684\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff08\u5982\u9053\u8def\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\uff09\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u5fb7\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u56e2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u987a\u4ece\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e1c\u5fb7\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u8fdb\u884c\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u5236\u63a8\u884c\u519c\u4e1a\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u4e1c\u5fb7\u516c\u6c11\u666e\u904d\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u538b\u6291\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>6<\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9996\u90fd\uff08<\/span>A Capital Without a
\nCountry<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u67cf\u6797\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u5145\u6ee1\u865a\u5e7b\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u57ce\u5e02<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u88ab\u7ea2\u6d77\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5b64\u5c9b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u897f\u65b9\u4e09\u533a\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u9a9a\u6270\uff0c\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u4e25\u5cfb\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e1c\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u6027\u683c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u4eba\u673a\u667a\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u4e50\u89c2\u3001\u70ed\u7231\u751f\u6d3b\uff08\u62e5\u6709\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u591c\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8bbd\u523a\u5267\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u4e1c\u67cf\u6797\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4f4e\u8c03\u3001\u8083\u7a46\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1953\u5e74<\/span>6<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u4e1c\u67cf\u6797\u7206\u53d1\u4e86<\/span>\u5de5\u4eba\u8d77\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u53cd\u6297\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b9a\u989d\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u4e1c\u5fb7\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u5766\u514b\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u67cf\u6797\u4eba\u575a\u97e7\u4e0d\u62d4\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u53f2\u8bd7\u822c\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u6069\u65af\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7f57\u4f0a\u7279\uff08<\/span>Ernst Reuter<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u7ef4\u5229<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u52c3\u5170\u7279\uff08<\/span>Willy Brandt<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u897f\u5fb7\u8054\u90a6\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u8865\u8d34\uff08\u6bcf\u5e74\u7ea6<\/span>1<\/span>\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u8d64\u5b57\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u94c1\u5e55\u540e\u76d1\u542c\u7ad9<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u4e1c\u5fb7\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u4e4b\u5149\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>7<\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u5c0f\u4eba\u7269\uff08<\/span>The Peaceable Small
\nMan<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fb7\u56fd\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>German
\nMichel<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7626\u5f31\u3001\u56f0\u7a98\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6446\u5e03\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c0f\u4eba\u7269<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u5728\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5bf9\u4e0a\u7ea7\u8fc7\u5ea6\u987a\u4ece\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5361\u8f66\u53f8\u673a\u5e93\u5c14\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u97e6\u745f\uff08<\/span>Kurt Weser<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c0f\u4eba\u7269<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff1b\u4ed6\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u671f\u968f\u6ce2\u9010\u6d41\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u7740\u81ea\u7531\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u5145\u6ee1\u538c\u6076\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u770b\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4efd\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u6253\u4ed7\u4e86<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u5bf9<\/span>\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u53cd\u611f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u6211<\/span>\u201d\u2014\u2014Ohne mich <\/span>\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09\u3002\u897f\u5fb7\u6700\u7ec8\u540c\u610f\u91cd\u6574\u519b\u5907\uff08<\/span>\u8054\u90a6\u56fd\u9632\u519b<\/span><\/b> Bundeswehr<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u548c\u4e1c\u5fb7\u4eba\u6c11\u519b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u5177\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u9e45\u6b65\u548c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u656c\u793c\uff0c\u4e14\u7eaa\u5f8b\u6709\u6240\u653e\u677e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>8<\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6f5c\u6d41\uff08<\/span>An Undercurrent of
\nUncertainty<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5c3d\u7ba1\u897f\u5fb7\u793e\u4f1a\u7e41\u8363\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u6d3b\u5374\u663e\u5f97\u5355\u8c03\u4e4f\u5473\uff08<\/span>humdrum<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u6f5c\u85cf\u7740\u7531<\/span>\u7f6a\u6076\u611f\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6050\u60e7<\/span><\/b>\u4ea4\u7ec7\u800c\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u4e0d\u65ad\u5e72\u6270\u7740\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u524d\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5b98\u5458\uff08\u5982\u5965\u4f2f\u5170\u5fb7\u3001\u65bd\u83b1\u683c\u5c14\u8d1d\u683c\u5c14<\/span> Schlegelberger<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u8f9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u524d\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d1d\u5c14\uff08<\/span>Richard Baer<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868\u660e\u6218\u540e\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u6e05\u7b97\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f7b\u5e95\u3002\u666e\u901a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\u548c\u5185\u759a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u672a\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff0c\u6216\u672a\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4ee3\u6c9f\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/b>\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u7236\u6bcd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5411\u5b69\u5b50\u5766\u8bda\u5730\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6559\u6388\u5f53\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u5c55\u7f13\u6162<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u751a\u81f3\u6de1\u5316\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u590d\u5174\u7684\u52bf\u5934\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53d7\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u4e24\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u5360\u9886\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u884c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e00\u4ee3\u62d2\u7edd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u8363\u8000\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>9<\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7f13\u6162\u89c9\u9192\uff08<\/span>A Slow Stirring of
\nIntellect<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5fb7\u56fd\u6587\u5316\uff08<\/span>Kultur<\/span>\uff09\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u63a8\u5d07\u3002\u6b4c\u5fb7\u7684<\/span>\u6d6e\u58eb\u5fb7<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Faust<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fb7\u56fd\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u8c61\u5f81<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\uff08\u5584\u6076\u3001\u6000\u7591\u4e0e\u786e\u5b9a\u5e76\u5b58\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65f6\u671f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>1919-1934<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u6d3b\u66fe\u7a7a\u524d\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff08\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u66fc\u3001\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3001\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u548c\u7535\u5f71\u4e1a\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08\u5982\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\u711a\u4e66\u3001\u8feb\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff09\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u81f4\u547d\u6253\u51fb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6218\u540e\u897f\u5fb7\u521d\u671f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\uff08\u5982\u6c49\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d6b\u5c14\u7a46\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u67ef\u65af\u7279<\/span> Hans
\nHelmut Kirst<\/span>\u3001\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u535a\u5c14<\/span> Heinrich
\nB\u00f6ll<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u827a\u672f\uff08\u5982\u7ed8\u753b\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u97f3\u4e50\uff09\u9886\u57df\u6b63\u5728<\/span>\u7f13\u6162\u590d\u82cf<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e1c\u5fb7\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u6d3b\u5219\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u9177\u7684<\/span>\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5ba1\u67e5\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u653f\u6743\u538b\u5236\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u5982\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u5188<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span> Wolfgang Harich<\/span>\u3001\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5361\u65af\u6ed5<\/span> Herbert Kasten<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4e1c\u5fb7\u7684\u6587\u5316\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982\u56fd\u6709\u7535\u5f71\u516c\u53f8<\/span> DEFA<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6b6a\u66f2\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u5982\u300a\u5b89\u59ae<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u6539\u7f16\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u7269\u5982<\/span>\u8d1d\u6258\u5c14\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e03\u83b1\u5e0c\u7279<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Bertolt Brecht<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u897f\u5fb7\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u590d\u5174\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u76f4\u9762\u8fc7\u53bb\uff08\u5982\u7535\u89c6\u7cfb\u5217\u7247\u300a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u300b\uff09\u5e76\u6446\u8131\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span>10<\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u548c\u5371\u9669\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff08<\/span>The Unsettled and
\nPerilous Future<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1945\u5e74\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u5f7b\u5e95\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u81ea<\/span>1871<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e0d\u65ad\u81a8\u80c0\u7684<\/span>\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u518d\u5bfb\u6c42\u590d\u4ec7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u897f\u5fb7\u5df2\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u878d\u5165\u897f\u65b9\u8054\u76df\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u89c2\u5ff5\u6b63\u5728\u897f\u5fb7\u751f\u6839\u53d1\u82bd\uff0c\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5f53\u6743\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Obrigkeiten<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u6b63\u5728\u6d88\u9000\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u672a\u89e3\u51b3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6301\u7eed\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u4e1c\u90e8\u8fb9\u754c\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u3001\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u4efb\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9000\u4f11\u540e\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u897f\u5fb7\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u53d7\u5230<\/span>\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u9634\u9669\u7684\u538b\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e1c\u5fb7\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5bf9\u897f\u6b27\u65bd\u538b\u7684\u5821\u5792\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u613f\u671b\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\uff09\u5bf9\u518d\u6b21\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u611f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u4f1a\u957f\u671f\u6301\u7eed\u3002\u5230<\/span>1973<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5c06\u6709<\/span>1300<\/span>\u4e07\u5e74\u8f7b\u9009\u6c11\uff08\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97<\/span>1945<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/span>\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5c06\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4ee3\u4eba\u80fd\u5426\u5236\u5b9a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

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