{"id":1288,"date":"2025-10-22T06:48:01","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T22:48:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1288"},"modified":"2025-10-22T06:48:01","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T22:48:01","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e3%80%8b-freedom-in-the-educative-society","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1288","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u300b Freedom in the Educative Society"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e660114<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/u><\/span><\/strong>\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tFreedom
\nin the Educative Society<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f17<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u514b\u62c9\u514b\uff08<\/span>F. Clarke<\/span>\uff09\u6240\u8457\u300a<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/strong>\u300b\uff08<\/span>Freedom in the Educative Society<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u7531<\/span>W. R. <\/span>\u5c3c\u5e03\u83b1\u7279\uff08<\/span>W. R. Niblett<\/span>\uff09\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eca\u65e5\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\u7cfb\u5217\u4e1b\u4e66\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u65e5\u76ca\u8ba1\u5212\u5316\u7684\u6218\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6b64\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d85\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u6620\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e14<\/span>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u89c1\u89e3<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u6587\u660e\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5373\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u6587\u5316\u9002\u5e94<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6279\u8bc4\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u5851\u9020\u6559\u80b2\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u89c9\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u516c\u6c11<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/strong>\u300b\uff08<\/span>Freedom in the Educative Society<\/span><\/i>\uff09\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e66\u8bc4\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u7531<\/span> F. Clarke <\/span>\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u662f<\/span> W. R. Niblett <\/span>\u7f16\u8f91\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eca\u65e5\u6559\u80b2\u8bae\u9898<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Educational
\nIssues of To-day<\/span>\uff09\u7cfb\u5217\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span> 1948 <\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u5728\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u6559\u80b2\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u4f20\u6388\u77e5\u8bc6\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u548c\u6df1\u523b\uff1b\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5fc5\u7136\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u5047\u8bbe\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u76ca\u89c4\u5212\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u54c1\u8d28\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5168\u4e66\u6838\u5fc3\u8bae\u9898\u4e0e\u524d\u8a00\uff08<\/span>Preface<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bae\u9898\u662f<\/span>\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u89c4\u5212<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>planning for
\nfreedom<\/span>\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u4efb\u52a1\u7ed9\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8fd8\u662f\u6210\u4eba\uff09\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u538b\u529b\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u5728\u6218\u540e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u663e\u8457\u63a8\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u65e0\u7591\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u51b3\u5fc3\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u524d\u666f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u4e0e\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u901a\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u57f9\u517b\u51fa<\/span>\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u5fc5\u987b\u62d3\u5bbd\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>educative society<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u6765\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u6559\u80b2\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u523b\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u826f\u5fc3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>conscience<\/span>\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7eaa\u5f8b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>discipline<\/span>\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>duty<\/span>\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>patriotism<\/span>\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7f6a\u6076<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>sin<\/span>\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fcf\u6094<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>repentance<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u56de\u907f\u6216\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u529b\u91cf\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u5f53\u4ee3\u9700\u6c42\uff08<\/span>THE MODERN DEMAND<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u7279\u5b9a\u516c\u6c11\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/b>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u538b\u5012\u6027\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5b83\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u6307\u5bfc\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u4ee5\u671f\u4ea7\u751f\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u53e4\u5178\u8303\u4f8b\u662f\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5728\u300a\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7bc7\u300b\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u90a6\uff08<\/span>Greek $polis$<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u56de\u5f52\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6d88\u9000\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u865a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u67d0\u79cd\u865a\u5047\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u586b\u8865\uff08\u5982\u72ec\u88c1\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u662f\u590d\u5174<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f3a\u5927\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u5176<\/span>\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u76f8\u5bb9<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u6784\u60f3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f20\u64ad\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>communicate
\nthe type<\/span>\uff09\u5e76<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d85\u8d8a\u7c7b\u578b\u6210\u957f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>provide for growth beyond the type<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u89c6\u6216\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f7f\u4eba\u987a\u4ece<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>making men conformable<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4fdd\u969c\u5176\u81ea\u7531<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>guaranteeing their freedom<\/span>\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u660e\u663e\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u504f\u79bb\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f71\u54cd\u6587\u5316\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d8\u8fc1\uff08<\/span>Economic
    \n Change<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff08\u5982\u804c\u4e1a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u662f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6587\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u82e5\u6587\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u6ede\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u5371\u9669\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4f11\u95f2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u6c11\u65cf\u4f20\u7edf\uff08<\/span>National
    \n Tradition<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f20\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u538b\u529b\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8bc9\u8bf8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7406\u6027\u539f\u5219<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>plain
    \n Reason<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9690\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u56e0\u7d20\uff08<\/span>recessive factor<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u5982<\/span> 1944 <\/span>\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff08<\/span>Ideology<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6307\u66fc\u6d77\u59c6\uff08<\/span>Karl Mannheim<\/span>\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u634d\u536b\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4ee5\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u9636\u5c42\u5229\u76ca\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5065\u5168\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6216<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6807\u51c6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff1a\u826f\u5fc3\uff08<\/span>Conscience<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4fdd\u969c\u662f<\/span>\u826f\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6b63\u76f4<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u76f8\u4fe1\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u5f15\u7528\u5eb7\u5fb7\u548c\u534e\u5179\u534e\u65af\u7684\u300a\u8d23\u4efb\u9882\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c<\/span>\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u90fd\u5728\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5c06\u6587\u5316\u538b\u529b\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u795e\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u5974\u5f79\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff08<\/span>CULTURE IN A FREE SOCIETY<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ecb\u8d28\uff08<\/span>medium<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u793c\u4eea\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7efc\u5408\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u804c\u4e1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6587\u5316\u5728\u5176\u6839\u6e90\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u65f6\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u5145\u5206\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u4e1a\u5931\u53bb\u6709\u673a\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u865a\u5047\u548c\u5931\u53bb\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u9769\u52a0\u5feb\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u6ede\u540e\uff08<\/span>cultural lag<\/span>\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u5341\u5206\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u6587\u5316\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4e0e\u7cbe\u82f1\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u81ea\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u89c4\u5212\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u80fd\u591f\u51fa\u73b0\u7ef4\u62a4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08<\/span>elite<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u9636\u7ea7\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4e13\u4e1a\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95f4\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6a2a\u5411<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u51b2\u7a81\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5171\u540c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n\t\t\u6d88\u9664\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4f11\u95f2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u89c6\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d2d\u4e70\u6587\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u5974\u5f79\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u5fc5\u987b\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5de5\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      2. \n\t\t\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5171\u540c\u6587\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5171\u540c\u6587\u5316\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4f20\u64ad\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u5f00\u653e\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u826f\u77e5\u548c\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9075\u5faa\u970d\u91d1\uff08<\/span>W. E. Hocking<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u4f20\u64ad\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u704c\u8f93<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>indoctrination<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u671f\uff08\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ef4\u7cfb\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \n\t\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>Adult education<\/span>\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e02\u6c11\u63d0\u5347\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u751f\u6d3b\u6807\u51c6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>standard of life<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u56e0\u957f\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u7279\u5b9a\u804c\u4e1a\uff08\u5982\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u50f5\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\uff08<\/span>THEORY AND PRACTICE<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5728\u6587\u5316\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53d1\u5c55\u8bba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6d41\u884c\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\u8bba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5851\u9020\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff08\u6e90\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\uff09\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u7531\u6587\u5316\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f18\u79c0\u6559\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u5851\u9020\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u7c73\u5c14\u987f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f3a\u8c03\u57f9\u517b\u7279\u5b9a\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u5316\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u5f62\u6210<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Forming<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5<\/span>\u6210\u957f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Growth<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5728<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u516c\u6c11\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u907f\u514d<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\u8bba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6210\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u81ea\u7531\u662f<\/span>\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5f81\u670d<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>continuing conquest<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6210\u719f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u7269\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u53d7\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u5584\u610f\uff08\u826f\u5fc3\uff09\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u52a8\u673a\u6218\u80dc\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65e0\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u6743\u5229<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>costless
          \nrights<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u987a\u4ece\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u95e8\u5f84\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6210\u957f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u987a\u4ece\u662f\u901a\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u95e8\u6237<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u7d27\u5f20\uff08<\/span>Tension<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff08<\/span>Discipline<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7531\u5176\u5185\u5728\u7d27\u5f20\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u3001\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u4e0e\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3001\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7d27\u5f20\u6982\u5ff5\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53d1\u5c55\u8bba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5371\u9669\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u827a\u672f\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7eaa\u5f8b\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u81ea\u7531\u5f81\u670d\u7684<\/span>\u6218\u7565<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7eaa\u5f8b\u4e0d\u662f\u5e72\u6d89\u6216\u6743\u5a01\u5f0f\u5730\u5c48\u4ece\u610f\u5fd7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5e03\u4f2f\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5f15\u7528\u9a6c\u4e01<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e03\u4f2f\uff08<\/span>Martin Buber<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u878d\u5165\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u884c\u4e14\u53ef\u53d6\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6709\u6548\u4e16\u754c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>concentration
          \nof an effective world<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u81ea\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u6b63\u76f4\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6b47\u606f\u7684\u8868\u8c61<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u5e08\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u6096\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u6291\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u7ecf\u9a8c\u81ea\u6211\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u65ad\u8a00<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u6548\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\uff08<\/span>THE ENGLISH TRADITION<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6709\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4f20\u7edf\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u4e00\uff09\uff1a\u793e\u533a\u6027\uff08<\/span>Community<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u63f4\u5f15\u5386\u53f2\u5148\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5927\u578b\u3001\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u56e2\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u4e13\u4e1a\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\uff09\u5f62\u6210<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6a2a\u5411\u51b2\u7a81<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u7b49\u66f4<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7136<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u793e\u533a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u5fc5\u987b\u8b66\u60d5\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u5bb6\u5ead\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u8003\u8651\u540c\u5de5\u540c\u916c\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u5bf9\u80b2\u513f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4f20\u7edf\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\uff1a\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<\/span>Non-Intellectual<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5bf9\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u548c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u6301\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6210\u679c\u50a8\u5b58\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u4e0d\u6210\u6587\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf8\u7406\u6027\u539f\u5219\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9690\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7279\u5f81\u4f1a\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u60c5\u5883\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u9ad8\u6279\u5224\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u7406\u6027\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u4f20\u7edf\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u4e09\uff09\uff1a\u5730\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<\/span>Provincialism<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u50b2\u6162\u3002\u7ea0\u6b63\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u66f4\u6709\u5206\u6790\u529b\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c06\u5916\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u7eb3\u5165\u516c\u6c11\u8d23\u4efb\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u793e\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u662f<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fdd\u6301\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u6d3b\u529b\u4e00\u76f4\u6e90\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff08<\/span>CONCLUSION<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u548c\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u5371\u673a\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5371\u673a\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5185\u5728\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u51b2\u52a8\uff0c\u540c\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n\t\t\u6743\u5a01\u96c6\u4f53\u5236\uff08<\/span>Community
            \n of Authoritative Prescription<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u63a5\u53d7\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u660e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5851\u9020\u516c\u6c11\u9002\u5e94\u5176\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          2. \n\t\t\u8bf4\u670d\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff08<\/span>Community
            \n of Persuasion<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4ece\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u5145\u5206\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u826f\u5fc3\u9ad8\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\uff08\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \n\t\u4e24\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6743\u5a01\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f<\/span>\u8bf4\u670d<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5176\u5168\u90e8\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u6587\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n\t\t\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5de5\u4e1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1b\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9053\u8def\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7a7f\u8fc7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>through<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9000\u56de\u6216\u7ed5\u5f00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            2. \n\t\t\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u540c\u6587\u5316\u8d85\u8d8a<\/span>\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u88c2\u75d5<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5de5\u4f5c\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            3. \n\t\t\u5fc5\u987b\u5e94\u5bf9\u73b0\u91d1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u539f\u5b50\u5316<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            4. \n\t\t\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7684<\/span>\u751f\u547d\u8fde\u7eed\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \n\t\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6781\u7aef\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9053\u5fb7\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u826f\u5fc3\u840e\u7f29\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5<\/span>\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6807\u51c6<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u65f6\u5730\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u65e5\u62a5\u66f4\u5177\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0e\u826f\u5fc3\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2a\u4f53\u826f\u5fc3\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u8bf4\u670d\u5171\u540c\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Community
              \nof Persuasion<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5171\u540c\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u72ec\u88c1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e27\u5931\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u82f1\u52c7\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6027\u683c\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u548c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u4e27\u5931<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>loss of character and loss of nerve<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u8212\u9002\u548c\u6574\u6d01\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u9119\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u6df1\u57cb\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6839\u6e90\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u57f9\u80b2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u539f\u7f6a\u9644\u6ce8\uff08<\/span>NOTE ON ORIGINAL SIN<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u672c\u9644\u6ce8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c<\/span>\u539f\u7f6a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Original Sin<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u907f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u53d1\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u539f\u7f6a\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7f6a\u6076<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>sin<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>state of being<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8fdd\u53cd\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\uff1a\u4eba\u65e2\u662f\u6309\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f62\u8c61\u6240\u9020\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5815\u843d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<\/span>tension<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6027\u683c\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u5065\u5168\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0a\u4e25\u4e0e\u8c26\u900a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f20\u529b\uff09\u3002\u63a5\u53d7\u539f\u7f6a\u88ab\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e3a<\/span>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u5e38\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u9762\u5065\u5168\uff08<\/span>full sanity<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t
              \n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t