{"id":1285,"date":"2025-10-22T06:43:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T22:43:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1285"},"modified":"2025-10-22T06:43:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T22:43:55","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%9b%bd%e9%99%85%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e5%b1%80%e7%9a%84%e5%85%88%e9%a9%b1%e4%bb%ac%e3%80%8b-forerunners-of-the-international-bureau-of-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1285","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4eec\u300b Forerunners of the International Bureau of Education"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0113<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4eec\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tForerunners
\nof the International Bureau of Education<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684<\/span>\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u6458\u5f55<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u7684\u524d\u8eab<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u5199\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\u4e3a<\/span> 1944 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u56de\u987e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e3a\u6218\u540e<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5408\u4f5c<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u501f\u9274\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u81ea<\/span> 19 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b<\/span>–<\/span>\u5b89\u6258\u4e07<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6731\u5229\u5b89<\/span><\/b>\u3001\u83ab\u5c14\u80af\u5e03\u5c14\u3001\u79d1\u5c14\u5c3c\u5e0c\u548c<\/span>\u8303\u59ae<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d39\u6069<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u535a\u58eb<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5148\u9a71\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6743\u529b\u3001\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u5931\u8d25\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8fd8\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u6210\u7acb\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\uff09\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u4e3a\u6218\u4fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u63f4\u52a9\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u76ae<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7f57\u585e\u6d1b\u535a\u58eb<\/span> (Dr. P. Rossell\u00f3) <\/span>\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4eec\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u8282\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u7531\u739b\u4e3d<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5df4\u8328<\/span> (Marie Butts) <\/span>\u7f29\u7f16\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u65e8\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9996\u6b21\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7eea\u8bba<\/span> (Introduction)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7eea\u8bba\u7531\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5e74\u9274\u7f16\u8f91\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d<\/span> F. Clarke <\/span>\u64b0\u5199\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u6b63\u503c\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u5e74\u9274\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u4e1b\u4e66\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u9002\u65f6\u6027\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u7f57\u585e\u6d1b\u535a\u58eb\u4e8e<\/span> 1943 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6cd5\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u300a<\/span>Les Pr\u00e9curseurs du Bureau
\nInternational d’\u00c9ducation<\/span>\u300b\u7684\u8282\u8bd1\u672c\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u5e74\u9274\u300b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8be5\u5e74\u9274\u65e8\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u5171\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tClarke \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b63\u5728\u89c4\u5212\u6218\u540e\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5408\u4f5c\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5148\u9a71\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65e2\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u89c4\u5212\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u53d6\u4e24\u6761\u6559\u8bad\uff1a<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u804c\u80fd\u548c\u804c\u8d23\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8d1f\u8377<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u56de\u987e\u4e0e\u5148\u9a71\u4eec\u7684\u8ba1\u5212<\/span> (PART ONE)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1. <\/span><\/b>\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4ee5\u524d\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u56de\u987e<\/span> (A Brief Review of
\nInternationalism in Education before the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century)<\/span><\/b> \u672c\u7ae0\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002<\/span>\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u552f\u4e00\u5177\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u56fd\u9645\u6027<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u6216\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u6027<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u679c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7279\u4f26\u7279\u4f1a\u8bae<\/span> (Council of Trent) <\/span>\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u7acb\u6cd5\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<\/span><\/b>\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u60f3\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8f6c\u5411\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bfb\u6c42\u8054\u5408\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8fdf\u81f3\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5174\u8d77\u5bfc\u81f4\u58c1\u5792\u6797\u7acb\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u9010\u6e10\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u56fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u95e8\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t2. <\/span><\/b>\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u9a6c\u514b<\/span>–<\/span>\u5b89\u6258\u4e07<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u53ca\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5212\uff08<\/span>1817<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(Marc-Antoine Jullien, of Paris, and
\nhis Plan for a Commission on Education (1817))<\/span><\/b> 1817 \u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b<\/span>–<\/span>\u5b89\u6258\u4e07<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6731\u5229\u5b89<\/span> (Marc-Antoine Jullien) <\/span>\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6559\u80b2\u8457\u4f5c\u7eb2\u8981\u53ca\u521d\u6b65\u8003\u8651\u300b<\/span>(Outline and Preliminary Considerations for a Work on Comparative
\nEducation)<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u4e13\u95e8\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u591a\u8bed\u79cd\u516c\u62a5\u548c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u6240<\/span>\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/b> (Normal Institute of Education) <\/span>\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u548c<\/span>\u6bd4\u8f83\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u7236<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3001\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89c4\u5219<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5145\u5206\u5b9e\u65bd<\/span>\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u7684\u610f\u613f\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u8fd8\u9884\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u5c06\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6c11\u65cf\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e43\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u7f16\u5236\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u95ee\u5377\u5185\u5bb9\u6781\u5176\u8be6\u5c3d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u95ee\u5377\u5c31\u5305\u62ec<\/span> 120 <\/span>\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t3. <\/span><\/b>\u83ab\u5c14\u80af\u5e03\u5c14\u53ca\u5176\u5e38\u8bbe\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5212\uff08<\/span>1885<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(Molkenboer and his Plan for a Permanent and International Council
\nof Education (1885))<\/span><\/b> \u83ab\u5c14\u80af\u5e03\u5c14<\/span> (Herman Molkenboer)<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u6ce2\u6069\u7684\u8377\u5170\u4eba\uff0c\u5728<\/span> 1885 <\/span>\u5e74\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u65e8\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u5e38\u8bbe\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a<\/span> (Permanent and
\nInternational Council of Education) <\/span>\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5e26\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684<\/span>\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7edf\u4e00\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e94\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u800c\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u8bae\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u5e94\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u5b98\u65b9\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u7531<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u652f\u6301\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4efb\u547d\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u8d39\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u5929\u771f\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece<\/span>\u6218\u4e89\u90e8\u9884\u7b97\u4e2d\u62e8\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u6b3e\u9879<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u8d44\u52a9\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u56fd\u9632\u5f00\u652f\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u91c7\u53d6\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t4. <\/span><\/b>\u5e93\u5c14\u5c3c\u5e0c\u53ca\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u56fd\u9645\u54a8\u8be2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ba1\u5212\uff08<\/span>1904<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(Kurnig and his Plan for a Consultative International Centre for
\nEducation (1904))<\/span><\/b> \u5e93\u5c14\u5c3c\u5e0c<\/span> (Kurnig) <\/span>\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u83ab\u5c14\u80af\u5e03\u5c14\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u56fd\u9645\u54a8\u8be2\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/b> (Consultative International Centre for Education)<\/span>\u3002\u5e93\u5c14\u5c3c\u5e0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bcc\u6709\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63a8\u5e7f\u4ed6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8fc7\u53bb\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8c03\u548c\u6027\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t5. <\/span><\/b>\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u79d1\u95e8\u5c3c\u53ca\u5176\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\u8ba1\u5212\uff08<\/span>1905<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(Francis Kem\u00e9ny and his Plan for an
\nInternational Institute of Education (1905))<\/span><\/b> \u5308\u7259\u5229\u6559\u6388\u79d1\u95e8\u5c3c<\/span> (Francis Kem\u00e9ny) <\/span>\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5408\u4f5c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u4e86\u5982\u6307\u638c\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u975e\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u548c\u8c10\u4e92\u8865\u3002\u4ed6\u5728<\/span> 1905 <\/span>\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/b> (International
\nInstitute of Education) <\/span>\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4efd\u5173\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u4e66\u76ee\u7684<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u5b66\u9662\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u79d1\u95e8\u5c3c\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5408\u4f5c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u5168\u5fc3\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u5148\u9a71\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982<\/span> Peeters <\/span>\u548c<\/span> Andrews<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t6. <\/span><\/b>\u7231\u5fb7\u534e<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u76ae\u7279\u65af\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u4fe1\u606f\u5c40\uff08<\/span>1909<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(Edward Peeters and the International
\nBureau of Educational Information (1909))<\/span><\/b> \u76ae\u7279\u65af<\/span> (Edward Peeters) <\/span>\u5728<\/span> 1909 <\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u79c1\u8425\u7684<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u4fe1\u606f\u5c40<\/span><\/b> (International Bureau of Educational Information)<\/span>\uff0c\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u7684\u5965\u65af\u5766\u5fb7<\/span> (Ostend)<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6708\u520a\u300a<\/span>Minerva<\/span>\u300b\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u5c40\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u673a\u5173\u520a\u7269\u3002\u8be5\u5c40\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u4e25\u91cd\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728<\/span> 1914 <\/span>\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\u4e5f\u6563\u5931\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t7. E. <\/span><\/b>\u52d2\u90a6\u52aa\u74e6\u4e0e\u5361\u6602\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>1911<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(E. Lebonnois and the International Institute of Education at Caen
\n(1911))<\/span><\/b> \u52d2\u90a6\u52aa\u74e6<\/span> (E. Lebonnois) <\/span>\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u5361\u6602\u7684<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/b> (International Institute of Education at Caen)<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u6700\u521d\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u6691\u671f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u5f15\u5165\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5b63\u5ea6\u8bc4\u8bba\u300a<\/span>Le Courrier<\/span>\u300b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u534f\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u534f\u52a9\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8be5\u5b66\u9662\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u79c1\u4eba\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u7531\u5361\u6602\u6691\u671f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span> 1914 <\/span>\u5e74\u56e0\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t8. <\/span><\/b>\u8303\u59ae<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8d39\u6069<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e8e<\/span> 1914 <\/span>\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u4f1a\u8bae<\/span> (Dr. Fannie Fern Andrews
\nand the International Conference on Education, Convened fbr 1914)<\/span><\/b> \u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u535a\u58eb<\/span> (Dr.
\nFannie Fern Andrews) <\/span>\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u6700\u5177\u6210\u529f\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u5979\u5c06\u5979\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5979\u6210\u529f\u8bf4\u670d\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u539f\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u6d77\u7259\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u7531\u8377\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u53ec\u96c6\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\u56fd\u9645\u5c40<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709<\/span> 16 <\/span>\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u6700\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u300a\u62df\u8bae\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u5c40\u5c06\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u7f34\u8d39\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t9. W. <\/span><\/b>\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>1914<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(W. Scott and the International Board of Education (1914))<\/span><\/b> W. \u65af\u79d1\u7279<\/span> (W.
\nScott) <\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/b> (International Board of
\nEducation) <\/span>\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u6848<\/span> (H. R. 12247)<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u91d1<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u56fd\u62e8\u51fa<\/span> 1914 <\/span>\u5e74\u9646\u6d77\u519b\u9884\u7b97\u7684 <\/span>1%<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6295\u7968\u6743\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u8d21\u732e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9886\u571f\u5185\u6709\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u968f\u7740\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u800c\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t10. <\/span><\/b>\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u76df\u7ea6\u4e0e\u5e38\u8bbe\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u8ba1\u5212\uff08<\/span>1919<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(The Covenant of the League of Nations and the Plan for a Permanent
\nInternational Bureau of Education (1919))<\/span><\/b> \u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u7b7e\u8ba2\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u76df\u7ea6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u53ca<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u548c\u5987\u5973\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u76df\u7ea6\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u5e38\u8bbe\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8be5\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u51b3\u8bae\u672a\u88ab\u91c7\u7eb3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t11. <\/span><\/b>\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\uff08<\/span>1921<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(The Plan for an International Bureau of Education and the League of
\nNations (1921))<\/span><\/b> 1921 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>M. L\u00e9on Bourgeois <\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u529e\u516c\u5ba4<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5411\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6536\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6280\u672f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982<\/span> M. Hymans <\/span>\u6240\u8ff0\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u5e73\u7406\u60f3\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5728<\/span> 1921 <\/span>\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e00\u8bcd\u88ab\u7279\u610f\u4ece\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u4e2d\u5220\u9664<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e72\u9884\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u518d\u6b21\u843d\u7a7a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t12. <\/span><\/b>\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u4f50\u6797\u683c\u53ca\u5176\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u8ba1\u5212\uff08<\/span>1922<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(Frederick Zollinger and his Plan for
\nan International Bureau of Education (1922))<\/span><\/b> \u4f50\u6797\u683c<\/span> (Frederick Zollinger)<\/span>\uff0c\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16\u5dde\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\uff08<\/span>IBE<\/span>\uff09\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08<\/span>I.L.O.<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u5c40\u5e94\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4f50\u6797\u683c\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u975e\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u6280\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u80b2\u4fe1\u606f\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u53d1\u884c\u516c\u62a5\u548c\u5e74\u9274\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u7acb\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5728<\/span> 1922 <\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u7eed\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t13. G. W. A. <\/span><\/b>\u62c9\u57fa\u53ca\u5176\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u8ba1\u5212\uff08<\/span>1925<\/span>\uff09<\/span>(G. W. A. Luckey and his Plan for an
\nInternational Education Research Council and World Bureau of Education (1925))<\/span><\/b> \u62c9\u57fa<\/span> (G. W. A.
\nLuckey) <\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u673a\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u81ea\u613f\u6027\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8054\u76df<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u5168\u7403\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u798f\u7949\u3002\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e2d\u592e\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u54a8\u8be2\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u542f\u8499\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u804c\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u6536\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7edf\u8ba1\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b66\u751f\u5b66\u5206\u3002\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u5e94\u7531\u5404\u652f\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\u4ece\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u63d0\u540d\u7684\u5408\u683c\u4eba\u9009\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u3002\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u8ba1\u5212\u6682\u65f6\u8bbe\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u3002\u62c9\u57fa\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u90fd<\/span>\u4e0d\u5177\u7ea6\u675f\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u804c\u80fd\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u54a8\u8be2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7814\u7a76<\/span> (PART TWO)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u65e8\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5206\u6790\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u5148\u9a71\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u8be5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5404\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1. <\/span><\/b>\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (Educational Problems
\nArising on the International Plane)<\/span><\/b> \u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n