{"id":1231,"date":"2025-10-20T11:56:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T03:56:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1231"},"modified":"2025-10-20T11:56:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T03:56:24","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%8b%b1%e8%af%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%ae%b6%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e4%bc%a0%e7%bb%9f%e3%80%8b-educational-traditions-in-the-english-speaking-countries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1231","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u7edf\u300b  Educational Traditions: In the English-speaking Countries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">0098<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>\u300a\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u7edf\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>Educational<br \/>\nTraditions: In the English-speaking Countries<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-47-656x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"999\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-1232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-47-656x1024.jpg 656w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-47-192x300.jpg 192w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-47-768x1198.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-47-984x1536.jpg 984w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00001-47.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u56db\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u4f20\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3001\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u3001\u6e05\u6559\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u56db\u5927\u6559\u80b2\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6307\u51fa<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u5723\u516c\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e4\u5178\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6e05\u6559\u5f92<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u5f02\u8bae\u6d3e\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\uff09\u5219\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6539\u9769\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u968f\u540e\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7b49\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u5176\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5723\u516c\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u548c<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6e05\u6559\u5f92<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u96c6\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u59cb\u4e8e\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u5404\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u3001\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u578b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u6559\u6d3e\u95f4\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u963b\u529b\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u7531\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6c49\u65af\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Nicholas Hans<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u64b0\u5199\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">F. A. <\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5361\u7ef4\u7eb3\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">F. A. Cavenagh<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u6559\u6388\u4f5c\u5e8f\u3002\u6c49\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1936<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6b64\u524d\u5173\u6ce8\u6b27\u6d32\uff09\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6e17\u900f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5361\u7ef4\u7eb3\u6559\u6388\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c49\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u9996\u6b21\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u5bfc\u8bba\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Introduction<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5386\u53f2\u6700\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4f20\u7edf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u6700\u5177\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u6839\u6e90\u4e5f\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u672c\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u6c49\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5171\u540c\u7406\u5ff5\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5c06\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u6700\u6df1\u5c42\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u56db\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u6c49\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5927\u81f4\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5929\u4e3b\u6559<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5723\u516c\u4f1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6e05\u6559\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u6e90\u81ea\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u4eba\u5206\u4e3a\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u9636\u5c42\uff08\u4fdd\u6301\u65e0\u77e5\u6216\u4ec5\u6559\u6388\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff09\u3002\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\uff08\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\uff09\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5219\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u65b0\u79d1\u76ee\u5f15\u5165\u5176\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u6c49\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u539f\u521b\u4e14\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u4e8e\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5927\u4f17\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u548c\u5171\u6d4e\u4f1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u65e9\u671f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5171\u6d4e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff08\u5982<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> J. T. Desaguliers<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u7edf\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">The Roman Catholic Tradition in Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u5973\u738b\u7ee7\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u6d41\u4ea1\u8005\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u82f1\u8bed\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u5982\u675c\u57c3\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u5723\u5965\u9ed8\u5b66\u9662\uff09\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u9662\u56de\u8fc1\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1829<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u89e3\u653e\u548c\u968f\u540e\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u79fb\u6c11<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u725b\u6d25\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7ebd\u66fc\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7688\u4f9d\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u65b0\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7ebd\u66fc\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u5965\u96f7\u6258\u91cc\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6d8c\u5165\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1847<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u6b3e\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9ad8\u5c42\u66fe\u53cd\u5bf9\u4fe1\u5f92\u5c31\u8bfb\u725b\u6d25\u548c\u5251\u6865\uff0c\u76f4\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1894<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\u624d\u64a4\u9500\u7981\u4ee4\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5386\u53f2\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5728\u60e9\u7f5a\u6cd5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u4f9d\u9760\u975e\u6cd5\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7bf1\u7b06\u5b66\u6821<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Hedge schools<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">19<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4fee\u4f1a\uff08\u5982\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u3001\u4ec1\u6148\u4fee\u5973\u4f1a\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9ad8\u5c42\uff08\u5982\u5e93\u4f26\u4e3b\u6559\uff09\u540e\u6765\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u7684<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u56fd\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1831<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u7687\u540e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u65e0\u795e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6559\u4f1a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6559\u5f92\u4ecd\u9009\u62e9\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u4f53\u7cfb\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u8005\uff08\u5982\u82cf\u5c14\u76ae\u65af\u4f1a\u58eb\u3001\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\uff09\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u62d2\u7edd\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff08\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u5168\u4f53\u4f1a\u8bae\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u533a\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5728\u6cd5\u5c5e\u9b41\u5317\u514b\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u62e5\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u6743\u3002\u5728\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Separate Schools<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u6240\u6709\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u56fd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u56fd<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201d<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e8c\uff1a\u4e00\u662f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6559\u7687\u5e87\u62a4\u4e5d\u4e16\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u6559\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Ultramontanism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u653f\u5e9c\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u53cd\u5bf9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6df7\u5408<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6559\u80b2\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u5404\u56fd\u666e\u904d\u5f15\u5165<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u7edf\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">The Anglican Tradition in Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Anglican\/Episcopalian<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6700\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4f20\u7edf<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u8d35\u65cf\u9636\u5c42<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u548c\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u8d35\u65cf\u548c\u5bcc\u88d5\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u3002\u5176\u5bf9\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u6148\u5584\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u52b3\u52a8\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u5bf9\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u8c26\u5351\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u53cd\u5bf9\u5411\u5e95\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u6297\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u5206\u5b97\u6d3e\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u5170\u5361\u65af\u7279\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\uff0c\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u534f\u4f1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">National<br \/>\n     Society, 1811<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u672a\u6765<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u53cc\u91cd\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\/<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u5e76\u5b58\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u535a\u58eb<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Dr. Arnold<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u6539\u9769\u4e86\u62c9\u683c\u6bd4\u516c\u5b66\uff0c\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u611f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u5236\u548c\u4f53\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5b66\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u5784\u65ad\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u4f26\u6566\u56fd\u738b\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u8fbe\u52d2\u59c6\u5927\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u51fb\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u548c\u5251\u6865\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1871<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u5784\u65ad\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u53e3\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u6559\u533a\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u65b0\u6559\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u90fd\u67cf\u6797\u4e09\u4e00\u5b66\u9662\u6700\u7ec8\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1873<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6d77\u5916\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7b49\u5357\u90e8\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u66fe\u4eff\u6548\u82f1\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u9636\u5c42\u5206\u660e\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u9762\u5411\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u4e3b\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\/<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5a01\u5ec9\u739b\u4e3d\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u6148\u5584\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u9664\u56fd\u6559\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u5b66\u6821\u5927\u591a\u88ab\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e3a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\uff08\u7531\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u574e\u4e3b\u6559\u9886\u5bfc\uff09\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5784\u65ad\uff08\u56fd\u738b\u5b66\u9662\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u906d\u5230\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8d70\u5411\u5b97\u6d3e\u5316\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u548c\u65af\u6797\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Thring<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u6539\u9769\u540e\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u529f\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u6570\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u548c\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u7edf\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">The Puritan Tradition in Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u7406\u5ff5\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u6e05\u6559\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u611f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff0c\u5176\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\uff08\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u3001\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u3001\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3001\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u3001\u5faa\u9053\u5b97\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5e26\u6765\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5168\u6c11\u8bc6\u5b57<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b9e\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5e38\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u7ed3\u76df\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u82f1\u56fd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Dissenting Academies<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">17<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">18<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7531\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u7684\u725b\u6d25\u548c\u5251\u6865\u5b66\u8005\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u79d1\u76ee\uff0c\u63d0\u5021<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002\u5728\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u652f\u6301\u5170\u5361\u65af\u7279\u7684\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Quakers<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u63d0\u5021<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u52b3\u4f5c\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">19<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u548c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff09\u6700\u521d\u53cd\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u81ea\u613f\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u6e05\u6559\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002\u8bfa\u514b\u65af\u7684\u300a\u89c4\u7a0b\u4e4b\u4e66\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Book of Discipline<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u6784\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u666e\u904d\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u3001\u6240\u6709\u9636\u5c42\u5171\u4eab<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1696<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u8bbe\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6cd5\u300b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6559\u533a\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5784\u65ad\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u5206\u88c2\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u5316\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\uff08\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1642<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1647<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9e\u65bd\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u4e8b\u5949\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u548c\u8036\u9c81\u7b49\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u56e2\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u3001\u8377\u5170\u5f52\u6b63\u4f1a\uff09\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">19<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u901a\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u534f\u4f1a\u79ef\u6781\u53d1\u5c55\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u56e0<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Fundamentalism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u6b67\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u548c\u6539\u9769\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u5021<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u666e\u904d\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u7ed3\u76df\uff0c\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">19<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e16\u4fd7\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u7edf\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">The Secular Tradition in Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u57f9\u6839\u3001\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u3001\u6d1b\u514b\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u3001\u5171\u6d4e\u4f1a\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <span style=\"font-size:16px;\">17<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u524d\u8eab<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u65e0\u5f62\u5b66\u9662<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u4eec\uff08\u5982\u79d1\u7f8e\u7ebd\u65af\u3001\u4f69\u8482\u3001\u8003\u5229\uff09\u5f3a\u8c03\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u53e4\u5178\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5171\u6d4e\u4f1a\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">18<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u4fd7\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5fb7\u8428\u53e4\u5229\u8036<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Desaguliers<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bb2\u5ea7\u3002\u5171\u6d4e\u4f1a\u8fd8\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u529e\u5b66\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982\u5c0f\u5854\u8857\u5b66\u9662\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Watts&#8217; Academy<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09 \u548c\u65e8\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4f20\u64ad\u6709\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Diffusion of Useful Knowledge<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u7687\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u5b66\u4f1a\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">19<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u65b0\u529b\u91cf\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u5982<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u8fb9\u6c81\u6d3e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u5e03\u9c81\u5384\u59c6\u3001\u8a79\u59c6\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5bc6\u5c14\uff09\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u5f02\u8bae\u8005<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6b27\u6587\u3001\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u666e\u83b1\u65af\uff09\u5171\u540c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u6b27\u6587\u63d0\u5021\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6000\u65af\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Wyse<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u63a8\u52a8\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u6559\u80b2\u534f\u4f1a\u3002\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8005\uff08\u5982\u970d\u5947\u68ee\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u5170\u5f00\u590f\u90e1\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u7531\u7a0e\u6536\u652f\u6301\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u8054\u76df<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">National Education League, 1869<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1870<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e16\u4fd7\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1826<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u5982\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7684\u6b27\u6587\u65af\u5b66\u9662\uff09\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u57fa\u5c14\u4ee3\u5c14\u5b66\u6821\u534f\u4f1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Kildare Place Society, 1811<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u662f\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u3002\u6000\u65af\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">1831<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5e74\u63a8\u52a8\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u56fd\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5b97\u6d3e\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u521d\u8877\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u3002\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\u590d\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u5982\u76d6\u5c14\u8bed\u8054\u76df\uff09\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u672c\u6770\u660e<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u8d39\u57ce\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6770\u6590\u900a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u4fd7\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">19<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u970d\u62c9\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u66fc<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Horace Mann<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4ea8\u5229<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5df4\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Henry Barnard<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u7b49\u5148\u9a71\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7531\u7a0e\u6536\u652f\u6301\u3001\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u4e16\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3001\u5171\u6d4e\u4f1a\u3001\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8054\u5408\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u6240\u6709\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u786e\u7acb\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">The Resultant Variation of Educational<br \/>\nSystems<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09<\/span><span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6c49\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56db\u5927\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u7edf\uff08\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3001\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u3001\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\uff09\u8d77\u6e90\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5404\u4f20\u7edf\u76f8\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u3001<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u79cd\u65cf\u6784\u6210<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5730\u7406\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5404\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6c11\u65cf\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u79cd\u65cf\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u9886\u571f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u6743\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u79cd\u65cf\u56e0\u7d20\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Racial<br \/>\n     Factor<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u767d\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5728\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u3001\u5357\u975e\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\uff09\u3002 <\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u548c\u5357\u975e\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4f8b\u5916\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u65b0\u897f\u5170<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6bdb\u5229\u4eba\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Maori<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u80a4\u8272\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u878d\u5408\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5b97\u6559\u56e0\u7d20\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Religious<br \/>\n     Factor<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5b97\u6559\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u5206\u5316\u3002 <\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u3001\u9b41\u5317\u514b\uff09\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5165\u5b66\u7387\u548c\u5973\u6027\u5728\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08\u56e0\u6ce8\u91cd\u7cbe\u82f1\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u3001\u5357\u975e\uff09\uff1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5728\u4e2d\u5b66\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u8bed\u8a00\u56e0\u7d20\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Linguistic<br \/>\n     Factor<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u82f1\u8bed\u662f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u5728<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u53cc\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u3001\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u5357\u975e\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u51fa\u8c03\u6574\u3002 <\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4f20\u7edf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u3001\u5357\u975e\uff09\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6bcd\u8bed\u6559\u5b66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\/<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u4e2a\u4f53\u513f\u7ae5<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u3001\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff09\u5219\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u793e\u533a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\/<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u627f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5f3a\u5236\u63a8\u884c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u8bed\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u72ec\u7acb\uff09\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u9886\u571f\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u56e0\u7d20\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Territory<br \/>\n     and Population<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u9886\u571f\u548c\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u5357\u975e\uff09\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a8\u8fdf\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u5f00\u59cb\u5e74\u9f84\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u5c81\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u519c\u6751\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f83\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u653f\u6cbb\u72ec\u7acb\u56e0\u7d20\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Political<br \/>\n     Independence<\/span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"> \u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u6743\u540e\uff08\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5357\u975e\u3001\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff09\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a8\u884c\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u672c\u56fd\u56fd\u60c5\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6c11\u65cf\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\uff0c\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">\u6c49\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u603b\u7ed3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9886\u571f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u72ec\u7acb\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u7edf\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/105e187XS4oU7NuO3FA-nYGIRmeURwxVA\/preview\" width=\"800\" height=\"1080\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e660098 &nbsp; \u300a\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u7edf\u300b Educational Traditions: In  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1232,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[166,195],"class_list":["post-1231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-5","tag-166","tag-195"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1231"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1233,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1231\/revisions\/1233"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}