{"id":1213,"date":"2025-10-19T06:43:01","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T22:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1213"},"modified":"2025-10-19T06:43:01","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T22:43:01","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%ef%bc%9a%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e3%80%81%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e5%92%8c%e8%ba%ab%e4%bd%93%e3%80%8b-education%ef%bc%9aintellectual-moral-and-physical","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1213","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u300b Education\uff1aIntellectual, Moral, and Physical"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0094<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u300b<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tEducation<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\uff1a<\/strong><\/u><\/span>Intellectual, Moral, and Physical<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\uff08<\/span>Herbert Spencer<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u300b<\/span>\u5168\u9762\u6279\u5224\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u5f53\u65f6\u504f\u91cd\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u8bc6\u800c\u975e\u5b9e\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u5c65\u884c\u7236\u6bcd\u804c\u8d23<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u5fc3\u667a\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u90fd\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94<\/span>\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5f8b<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6109\u60a6\u6027\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8b66\u544a<\/span>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u9009\u53ca\u5176\u9644\u5e26\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u5176\u4ed6\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u5982\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/strong>\u300a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b<\/span>\uff09\u5171\u540c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u7efc\u5408\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8be5\u54f2\u5b66\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u89c6\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\uff08<\/span>Herbert Spencer<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u300a\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5e7f\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5e73\u4ef7\u7248\u672c\u53d1\u884c\uff08\u7b2c<\/span>37<\/span>\u7248\u548c\u7b2c<\/span>38<\/span>\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5341\u4f59\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u4fc4\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u745e\u5178\u8bed\u548c\u4e2d\u6587\u7b49\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u5176\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5c65\u884c\u5176<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u6d3b\u505a\u51c6\u5907<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>prepare
\nus for complete living<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u77e5\u8bc6\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff1f<\/span> (What Knowledge Is of Most Worth?)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8eab\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4e60\u5f97\uff0c<\/span>\u88c5\u9970\u6027\uff08<\/span>the ornamental<\/span>\uff09\u5f80\u5f80\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff08<\/span>the useful<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5176\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d5e\u8a89\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u798f\u7949\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u51ed\u4e60\u4fd7\u3001\u559c\u597d\u6216\u504f\u89c1\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5b9d\u8d35\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u77e5\u8bc6\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>determine
\nthe relative values of knowledges<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8861\u91cf\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6307\u5bfc\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u707e\u7978\u6216\u83b7\u5f97\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u5411\u5e78\u798f\uff08<\/span>conduces to happiness<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u6d3b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>complete
\nliving<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u786e\u5b9a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u76f4\u63a5\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Direct self-preservation<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u6538\u5173\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u95f4\u63a5\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Indirect self-preservation<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u5373\u8c0b\u751f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u83b7\u53d6\u751f\u6d3b\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u629a\u517b\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u540e\u4ee3<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Parenthood<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6559\u517b\u5b50\u5973\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u516c\u6c11\u804c\u80fd<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Citizenship<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u4f11\u95f2\u548c\u54c1\u5473<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Miscellaneous activities<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u6ee1\u8db3\u54c1\u5473\u548c\u60c5\u64cd\u7684\u5a31\u4e50\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u968f\u540e\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\uff08<\/span>Science<\/span>\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n\t\t\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u8fc7\u65e9\u8870\u8001\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u534a\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u8c0b\u751f<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5de5\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4ece\u4e8b\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u6216\u5206\u9500\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u517b\u80b2\u5b50\u5973\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u667a\u529b\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u7684\u6210\u529f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u89c4\u5f8b\uff08<\/span>laws of life<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u516c\u6c11\u804c\u80fd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u5bab\u5ef7\u516b\u5366\uff09\u51e0\u4e4e\u6beb\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u63cf\u8ff0\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Descriptive Sociology<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4e86\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff1b\u800c\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u94a5\u5319<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>key<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\uff08<\/span>phenomena of life<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u4f11\u95f2\u4e0e\u827a\u672f<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u827a\u672f\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u6587\u5316\u867d\u7136\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u660e\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u827a\u672f\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u96d5\u5851\u9700\u4e86\u89e3\u9aa8\u9abc\u548c\u808c\u8089\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\uff1b\u7ed8\u753b\u9700\u4e86\u89e3\u900f\u89c6\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u89c4\u5f8b\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\uff1b\u97f3\u4e50\u662f\u60c5\u611f\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u89c4\u5f8b\uff09\uff1b\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5bcc\u6709\u8bd7\u610f\u7684\uff08<\/span>poetic<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n\t\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u6307\u5bfc\uff08<\/span>guidance<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u8fd8\u662f<\/span><\/b>\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08<\/span>discipline<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u667a\u80b2<\/span> (Intellectual Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u53d8\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n\t\t\u91cd\u89c6\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u8eab\u4f53<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>to be a good animal<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u6452\u5f03\u673a\u68b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6452\u5f03\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\uff08<\/span>rote-learning<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u53e3\u5934\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6559\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u4ece\u539f\u5219\u53d6\u4ee3\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u89c4\u5219\u6559\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u5219\u6559\u5b66\uff08<\/span>principles<\/span>\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u5148\u5177\u4f53\u540e\u62bd\u8c61<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e60\u5f97\u4e4b\u540e\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u57f9\u517b\u89c2\u5bdf\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u7269\uff08\u5f62\u4f53\uff09\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>object-lessons<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7ee7\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      • \n\t\t\u8ba9\u5b66\u4e60\u6109\u5feb<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5b69\u5b50\u559c\u6b22\u4e14\u79ef\u6781\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u667a\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u611f\u5230\u538c\u6076\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5448\u73b0\u8fc7\u65e9\u6216\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5f53\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n\t\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\uff08<\/span>methods of Nature<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u9075\u5faa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u88f4\u65af\u5854\u6d1b\u9f50\u539f\u7406<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Pestalozzian
        \nprinciple<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6307\u5bfc\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u516d\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>From the simple to the complex<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u5fc3\u667a\u5982\u540c\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u540c\u8d28\u5230\u5f02\u8d28\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u4ece\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u5230\u786e\u5b9a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>From the indefinite to the definite<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ea\u80fd\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        3. \n\t\t\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u62bd\u8c61<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>From the concrete to the abstract<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ece<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5f15\u5165\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        4. \n\t\t\u4e2a\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u5e94\u9075\u5faa\u79cd\u65cf\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>The genesis of knowledge in the individual must
          \n follow the same course as the genesis of knowledge in the race<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        5. \n\t\t\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5230\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>From the empirical to the rational<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u6bcf\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u5e94\u4ece\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8d44\u6599\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        6. \n\t\t\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u9f13\u52b1\u81ea\u6211\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Self-development should be encouraged to the uttermost<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u548c\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5e94\u5c11\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u591a\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \n\t\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u6559\u5b66\uff08<\/span>self-instruction<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u601d\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08<\/span>intrinsically grateful activity<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u611f\u53d7\u5230<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u667a\u529b\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u751c\u871c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>sweets of
          \nintellectual conquest<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u5fb7\u80b2<\/span> (Moral Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684<\/span>\u4eb2\u804c\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>preparation for parents<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5373\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u629a\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6df7\u4e71\u6e90\u4e8e\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u6076\u4e60\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5faa<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\uff08<\/span>natural reaction<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff08<\/span>unavoidable consequences<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u533a\u5206\u4e86<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u60e9\u7f5a<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u70eb\u4f24\u3001\u56e0\u7c97\u5fc3\u4e22\u5931\u7269\u54c1\uff09\u4e0e<\/span>\u4eba\u4e3a\u60e9\u7f5a<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u8d23\u9a82\u3001\u4f53\u7f5a\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n\t\t\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u4eb2\u8eab\u4f53\u9a8c\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u5b83\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\uff08<\/span>pure
            \n justice<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u5b83\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u813e\u6c14\u5e72\u6270\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\u5b83\u80fd\u57f9\u517b\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \n\t\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5077\u7a83\u548c\u8bf4\u8c0e\u7b49\u4e25\u91cd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u60e9\u7f5a\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u540e\u679c\u662f<\/span>\u8d54\u507f\uff08<\/span>restitution<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff1b\u95f4\u63a5\u540e\u679c\u662f\u7236\u6bcd\u7684<\/span>\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u60e9\u7f5a\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4eb2\u5b50\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6df1\u539a\u53cb\u8c0a\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u624d\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u4e3a\u7236\u6bcd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u9879\u683c\u8a00\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n\t\t\u4e0d\u8981\u671f\u671b\u5b69\u5b50\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u7ae5\u5e74\u662f\u91ce\u86ee\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u671f\u671b\u548c\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u5c11\u53d1\u53f7\u65bd\u4ee4<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Be sparing of commands<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\u624d\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u679c\u65ad\u548c\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\uff08<\/span>like the penalties inflicted by inanimate Nature\u2014inevitable<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>self-governing<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u4f53\u80b2<\/span> (Physical Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u517b\u80b2\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\uff08<\/span>physical welfare<\/span>\uff09\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u52a8\u7269<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>a good animal<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u538b\u529b\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5065\u7684\u4f53\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u56f4\u7ed5\u996e\u98df\u3001\u8863\u7740\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5c55\u5f00\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u996e\u98df<\/span> (Food)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n\t\t\u98df\u6b32\u662f\u826f\u597d\u6307\u5bfc<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u98df\u6b32\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5411\u5bfc\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5f80\u5f80\u5bfc\u81f4\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u65f6\u66b4\u996e\u66b4\u98df\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8425\u517b\u9700\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u5bf9\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4f4e\u8425\u517b\u7684\u98df\u7269\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6d88\u5316\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u751f\u957f\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u8349\u4e3a\u98df\u7684\u725b\u4e0e\u5403\u7cbe\u9972\u6599\u7684\u9a6c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6d3b\u529b\u8f83\u4f4e\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u98df\u7269\u5e94\u591a\u6837\u5316<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u996e\u98df\u5e94\u8be5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8425\u517b\u3001\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6bcf\u9910\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u81b3\u98df\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8425\u517b\u5747\u8861\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6d88\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \n\t\u8863\u7740<\/span> (Clothing)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \n\t\t\u8b66\u60d5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u953b\u70bc\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u953b\u70bc<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5b69\u5b50\uff08<\/span>hardening<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9519\u89c9\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b69\u5b50\u56e0\u6b64\u592d\u6298\u6216\u6c38\u4e45\u635f\u5bb3\u4f53\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\u4fdd\u6696\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u513f\u7ae5\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u91cd\u6563\u70ed\u91cf\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6210\u4eba\u3002\u8863\u7740\u4fdd\u6696\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u8eab\u4f53\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6301\u6e29\u5ea6\u800c\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u80fd\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u957f\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u5f15\u7528\u674e\u6bd4\u5e0c\uff08<\/span>Liebig<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8863\u7740\uff0c\u5c31\u8eab\u4f53\u6e29\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u98df\u7269\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u7269\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\u53cd\u5bf9\u865a\u8363\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4ed6\u5f3a\u70c8\u8c34\u8d23\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e3a\u4e86\u9075\u5b88\u65f6\u5c1a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5973\u513f\u7a7f\u5355\u8584\u3001\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5bf9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u865a\u8363\u5fc3\u7684\u6469\u6d1b\u795e\u732e\u796d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>sacrificed to the Moloch of maternal
                  \n vanity<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \n\t\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span> (Exercise)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n\t\t\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u8db3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4e0e\u7537\u5b69\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u6237\u5916\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5b89\u9759\u62d8\u8c28\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u6e38\u620f\u4f18\u4e8e\u4f53\u64cd<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6e38\u620f\uff08<\/span>Play<\/span>\uff09\u6bd4\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u4f53\u64cd\uff08<\/span>gymnastics<\/span>\uff09\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u800c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5feb\u4e50\u662f\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8865\u54c1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>happiness
                    \n is the most powerful of tonics<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7981\u6b62\u5b69\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u4e0a\u5929\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u53d1\u80b2\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \n\t\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7528\u8111\u7684\u5371\u5bb3<\/span> (Over-Application)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \n\t\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u5371\u5bb3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5f53\u4eca\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u662f<\/span>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7528\u8111<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>excessive mental application<\/span>\uff09\u6216<\/span>\u586b\u9e2d\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>cramming-system<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\t\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5c06\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u667a\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u5982\u8eab\u4f53\u751f\u957f\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u4fee\u590d\u3001\u6d88\u5316\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f9b\u5e94\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\t\u751f\u957f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5bf9\u6297<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fc7\u65e9\u7684\u667a\u529b\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u8fc7\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u5176\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\t\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u635f\u5bb3<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7528\u8111\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u673a\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fc3\u60b8\u3001\u6d88\u5316\u4e0d\u826f\u548c\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\t\u53cc\u91cd\u9519\u8bef<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u586b\u9e2d\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u667a\u529b\u4e0a\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff08\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f1a\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u538c\u6076\u5b66\u4e60\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u800c\u727a\u7272\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u667a\u529b\u4e5f\u5c06\u6beb\u65e0\u7528\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    • \n\t\t\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u5065\u5eb7\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\uff08<\/span>physical morality<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdd\u53cd\u5065\u5eb7\u89c4\u5f8b\u4f1a\u7ed9\u540e\u4ee3\u5e26\u6765\u6076\u679c\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u8eab\u4f53\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                      \n\t