{"id":1193,"date":"2025-10-18T11:15:13","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T03:15:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1193"},"modified":"2025-10-18T11:15:13","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T03:15:13","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%8b%8f%e8%81%94%e7%9a%84%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e3%80%8beducation-in-the-u-s-s-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1193","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u300b\u200bEducation in the U. S. S. R"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0090<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u300b<\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/u><\/strong>Education
\nin the U. S. S. R<\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u53f6\u592b\u6839\u5c3c<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6885\u91d1\u65af\u57fa\uff08<\/span>Yevgeny Medynsky<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e <\/span>1950 <\/span><\/strong>\u5e74<\/span><\/strong> \u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c <\/span>\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u300b<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002
\n\u4f5c\u8005\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86 <\/span>\u82cf\u8054\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u548c\u4efb\u52a1<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b83\u4e0e\u6c99\u7687\u4fc4\u56fd\u53ca\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u5177\u5907 <\/span>\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u8005\u3002 \u6587\u7ae0\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86 <\/span>\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/strong> \u53ca\u5176\u5728\u626b\u9664\u6587\u76f2\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ece\u5b66\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u5230\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684 <\/span>\u5b8c\u6574\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86 <\/span>\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684 <\/span>\u8bfe\u5916\u8bbe\u65bd<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u5bab\u6bbf\u548c\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca <\/span>\u82cf\u8054\u6559\u5e08<\/span><\/strong> \u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u798f\u5229\u3002 \u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u672c\u65e8\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u82cf\u8054\u6559\u80b2\u7684 <\/span>\u5168\u6c11\u6027\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u6027<\/span><\/strong> \u548c\u5176\u5bf9 <\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong> \u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e00\u3001 \u82cf\u8054\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u4efb\u52a1<\/span> (Aims and Tasks of Public Education in
\nthe U.S.S.R.)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u9996\u5148\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\uff0c<\/span>\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6c99\u7687\u4fc4\u56fd\u548c\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u7ea6\u745f\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7ef4\u8428\u91cc\u5965\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u6548\u529b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u8c01\u7684\u624b\u4e2d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u6c99\u7687\u4fc4\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u523b\u610f\u963b\u6320\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u5b50\u5973\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/span>1887<\/span>\u5e74\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u8bfa\u592b\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9a6c\u8f66\u592b\u3001\u4ec6\u4eba\u3001\u53a8\u5e08\u3001\u6d17\u8863\u5987\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0b\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5b50\u5973<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c99\u7687\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca6\u4e3a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f<\/span>\u666e\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u6b63\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ea\u6709<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8d22\u5bcc\u5145\u5b9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5934\u8111<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u5411\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c<\/span>\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u53d7\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u548c\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u8005<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u5fb7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u539f\u5219\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5949\u732e\u5168\u90e8\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u7231\u56fd\u3001\u53cb\u8c0a\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u70ed\u7231\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u52b3\u52a8\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span>\u667a\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u53d1\u5c55\u8fa9\u8bc1\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u5fb7\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u57f9\u517b\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u70ed\u7231\u7956\u56fd\u3001\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3001\u6bc5\u529b\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u7f8e\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6b23\u8d4f\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u548c\u827a\u672f\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u4f53\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u4f53\u80b2\u8bfe\u548c\u6821\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u57f9\u517b\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u654f\u6377\u6027\u3001\u8010\u529b\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u7efc\u5408\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8ba9\u9752\u5e74\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82cf\u8054\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u666e\u53ca\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u4e03\u5e74\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u514d\u8d39\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u4f18\u79c0\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a9\u5b66\u91d1\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u786e\u4fdd\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u9884\u7b97\u7684<\/span>14%<\/span>\u7528\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\uff08<\/span>1.5%<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\uff08<\/span>3%<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u6392\u9664\u79c1\u4eba\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u7528\uff09\u3001\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u3001\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6b7b\u80e1\u540c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e8c\u3001 \u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9769\u547d<\/span> (The Cultural Revolution in the U.S.S.R.)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u524d\u4fc4\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u843d\u540e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span>1913<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u6307\u51fa\u4fc4\u56fd\u7ea6\u6709\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u56db\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span>1897<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e5d\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709<\/span>24%<\/span>\u8bc6\u5b57\u3002\u8fb9\u8fdc\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u751a\u81f3\u4f4e\u81f3<\/span>1%<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u5e9c\u5373\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u666e\u53ca\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u7537\u5973\u513f\u7ae5\u4e00\u5f8b\u514d\u8d39\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span>1919<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>12<\/span>\u6708<\/span>26<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5f7b\u5e95\u626b\u9664\u6587\u76f2\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u300b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u516b\u81f3\u4e94\u5341\u5c81\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4e60\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u5728\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u626b\u76f2\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ea6\u6709<\/span>5000<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bfb\u5199\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\uff08<\/span>1928-32<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u5c24\u4e3a\u8fc5\u901f\u3002<\/span>1930<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u666e\u53ca\u516b\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5b9e\u884c\u56db\u5e74\u5236\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u533a\u5b9e\u884c\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u57fa\u91d1\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8d2b\u56f0\u5b66\u751f\u89e3\u51b3\u8863\u7269\u548c\u81b3\u98df\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span>\u4ece<\/span>1928-29<\/span>\u5b66\u5e74\u5230<\/span>1931-32<\/span>\u5b66\u5e74\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u4ece<\/span>1200<\/span>\u4e07\u589e\u52a0\u5230<\/span>2090<\/span>\u4e07<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5230<\/span>1933<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u4ece<\/span>1930<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\u7684<\/span>67%<\/span>\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230<\/span>90%<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u65af\u5927\u6797\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u82cf\u8054<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc6\u5b57\u7684\u3001\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5230<\/span>1938-39<\/span>\u5b66\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5b66\u6821\u603b\u6570\u8fbe\u5230<\/span>171,579<\/span>\u6240\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>3150<\/span>\u4e07\uff0c\u662f\u9769\u547d\u524d\u7684\u56db\u500d\u3002\u5728\u6c99\u7687\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u6700\u843d\u540e\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff08\u5982\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff09\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u957f\u5c24\u4e3a\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u6218\u524d\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u6821\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u4f4d\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe<\/span>62<\/span>\u4e07\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86<\/span>82,000<\/span>\u6240\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4f46\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fc5\u901f\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span>1943<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5165\u5b66\u5b9e\u65bd\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7ba1\u63a7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728<\/span>1944-45<\/span>\u5b66\u5e74\u5c06\u5165\u5b66\u5e74\u9f84\u964d\u81f3\u4e03\u5c81\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff08\u6307<\/span>1950<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u6709<\/span>22<\/span>\u4e07\u6240\u5b66\u6821\uff0c<\/span>3450<\/span>\u4e07\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u82cf\u8054\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5012\u9000\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>1000<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\u4e0d\u8bc6\u5b57\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e09\u3001 \u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span> (THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF THE U.S.S.R.)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u6db5\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u5e74\u9f84\u5c42\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u5b66\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784<\/span> (Pre-school establishments)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9762\u5411\u4e09\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bcd\u5a74\u798f\u5229\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u54a8\u8be2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u6258\u513f\u6240\uff0c\u7531\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4e09\u81f3\u4e03\u5c81\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5219\u8fdb\u5165<\/span>\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u6e38\u4e50\u573a<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821<\/span> (The
    \n general school)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5206\u4e3a<\/span>\u5c0f\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u56db\u7ea7\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e03\u7ea7\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u4e2d\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5341\u7ea7\uff0c\u683c\u9c81\u5409\u4e9a\u3001\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e3a\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5c0f\u5b66\u548c\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u666e\u53ca\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u4e14\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u5982\u68ee\u6797\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u7597\u517b\u9662\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u76f2\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u804b\u54d1\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u6216\u667a\u529b\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5168\u90e8\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u9752\u5e74\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u5b66\u6821<\/span> (Schools for Young Workers and Peasants)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e3a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u548c\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u5bb6<\/span> (Children’s
    \n Homes)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u5168\u989d\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7167\u987e\u5b64\u513f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u666e\u901a\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u8bfe\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u8bbe\u65bd<\/span> (Extra-Curricular Facilities)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u5458\u5bab\u6bbf\u3001\u6e38\u61a9\u516c\u56ed\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u9752\u5e74\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7b49\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  6. \n\t\t\u521d\u7ea7\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad<\/span> (Elementary vocational training)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u540e\u5907\u90e8\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u5de5\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5de5\u5382\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  7. \n\t\t\u4e2d\u7b49\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad<\/span> (Secondary vocational training)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u7b49\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  8. \n\t\t\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (Higher education)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7531\u4f17\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5b8c\u6210\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8054\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\uff08\u8d1f\u8d23\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u5b66\u524d\u673a\u6784\u548c\u8bfe\u5916\u8bbe\u65bd\uff09\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\uff08\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e2d\u7b49\u804c\u4e1a\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u52b3\u52a8\u540e\u5907\u90e8\uff08\u8d1f\u8d23\u521d\u7ea7\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u56db\u3001 \u5b66\u524d\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (Pre-School Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u9769\u547d\u524d\u4fc4\u56fd\u53ea\u6709<\/span>285<\/span>\u6240\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u6536\u8d39\u6602\u8d35\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>25,000<\/span>\u6240\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\uff0c\u603b\u5165\u5b66\u4eba\u6570\u7ea6\u4e3a<\/span>350<\/span>\u4e07\u3002\u5b66\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u4e09\u81f3\u516d\u5c81\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5987\u5973\u80fd\u591f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u798f\u7984\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u5316\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u5e74\u9f84\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u57f9\u517b\u513f\u7ae5\u7684<\/span>\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u536b\u751f\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u5468\u56f4\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5531\u6b4c\u3001\u7ed8\u753b\u3001\u5f8b\u52a8\u7b49\u57f9\u517b\u5bf9\u827a\u672f\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u88ab\u6559\u80b2\u70ed\u7231\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u7956\u56fd\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u96c6\u4f53\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u7eaa\u5f8b\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\u957f\u8f88\u3002<\/span>\u6e38\u620f<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5bb6\u957f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e94\u3001 \u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1. <\/span><\/b>\u5c0f\u5b66<\/span> (The Elementary School)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5c0f\u5b66\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u5e74\u7ea7\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u4e03\u6216\u516b\u5c81\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u548c\u5341\u5e74\u5236\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u524d\u56db\u5e74\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6559\u5b66\u4ee5\u8bfe\u5802\u5b66\u4e60\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u56db\u8282\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u5206\u949f\u7684\u8bfe\u3002\u5b66\u671f\u4ece<\/span>9<\/span>\u6708<\/span>1<\/span>\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u5b63\u5ea6\u3002\u6240\u6709\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u4e8c\u5e74\u7ea7\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u4fc4\u8bed\u3002\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u5e08\u8bb2\u89e3\u3001\u8c08\u8bdd\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u72ec\u7acb\u4f5c\u4e1a\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u89c6\u89c9\u8f85\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4fc4\u8bed\u3001\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u56db\u5e74\u7ea7\uff09\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5730\u7406\uff08\u56db\u5e74\u7ea7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u79d1\u76ee\uff09\u3001\u4f53\u80b2\u3001\u7ed8\u753b\u548c\u5531\u6b4c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t2. <\/span><\/b>\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u5b66\u6821<\/span> (The Seven-Year School)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5c0f\u5b66\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4fc4\u8bed\u548c\u6587\u5b66\uff08\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u5e74\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u6587\u5b66\uff09\u3001\u7b97\u672f\uff08\u516d\u7ea7\u5b8c\u6210\uff09\u3001\u4ee3\u6570\u548c\u51e0\u4f55\uff08\u516d\u7ea7\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c73\u4e18\u6797\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8bf4\uff09\u3001\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u53f2\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u53f2\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u5baa\u6cd5\u3001\u5730\u7406\u3001\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\uff08\u4e03\u5e74\u7ea7\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u82cf\u8054\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u5b66\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u516b\u5e74\u5236\u5c0f\u5b66\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u5c06\u7b97\u672f\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u5546\u4e1a\u7b97\u672f\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t3. <\/span><\/b>\u4e2d\u5b66<\/span> (The Secondary School)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e2d\u5b66\u6709\u5341\u4e2a\u5e74\u7ea7\uff0c\u524d\u4e03\u4e2a\u5e74\u7ea7\u4e0e\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5230<\/span>1939<\/span>\u5e74\u6709<\/span>12,469<\/span>\u6240\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u8fbe<\/span>900<\/span>\u591a\u4e07\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u589e\u957f\u5c24\u5176\u663e\u8457\u3002\u5973\u6027\u5b66\u751f\u5360\u6bd4\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>50%<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u516b\u81f3\u5341\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u662f\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u3002\u65b0\u589e\u4e86<\/span>\u5929\u6587\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5341\u5e74\u7ea7\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e5d\u3001\u5341\u5e74\u7ea7\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u5165\uff09\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u603b\u8bfe\u65f6\uff08<\/span>9,680<\/span>\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\u6bd4\u6c99\u7687\u4fc4\u56fd\u7537\u751f\u6587\u79d1\u4e2d\u5b66\u591a<\/span>865<\/span>\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4fc4\u8bed\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u79d1\u76ee\u4e0a\u6295\u5165\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u4e2d\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u548c\u6df1\u523b\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u5236\u4e2d\u5b66\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u56e0\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ea6<\/span>500<\/span>\u95e8<\/span>(!)<\/span>\u79d1\u76ee\u4f9b\u5b66\u751f\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b66\u751f\u9009\u62e9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7b80\u5355<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u79d1\u76ee\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6587\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6309\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u987a\u5e8f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6db5\u76d6\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5730\u7406\u8bfe\u7a0b\u65e8\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u79d1\u5b66\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u548c\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u82cf\u8054\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684<\/span>\u6700\u5927\u6210\u5c31<\/span><\/b>\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684<\/span>\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u5168\u9762\u3001\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5341\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u751f\u9700\u53c2\u52a0<\/span>\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4f1a\u8003<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4fc4\u8bed\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5916\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u4f18\u79c0\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u91d1\u8d28\u6216\u94f6\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u514d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u5165\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8bfe\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u4f53\u80b2\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u5458<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u5171\u9752\u56e2<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b66\u672f\u8868\u73b0\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u6709\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u6559\u80b2\u5b66<\/span>\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u7edd\u4f53\u7f5a<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t4. <\/span><\/b>\u7279\u6b8a\u5b66\u6821<\/span> (Special Schools)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u6b8b\u75be\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5bbf\u820d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6210\u5458\u3002\u76f2\u7ae5\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u5236\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821\u591a\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u548c\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u804b\u54d1\u513f\u7ae5\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u4e5d\u5e74\u5236\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u667a\u529b\u8fdf\u949d\u513f\u7ae5\u5b66\u6821\u5b66\u5236\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u4e00\u9879\u8d38\u6613\u6280\u80fd\uff08\u5982\u6728\u5de5\u3001\u7f1d\u7eab\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t5. <\/span><\/b>\u9752\u5e74\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u519c\u6c11\u5b66\u6821<\/span> (Schools for Young Workers and Peasants)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u6821\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e8e\u536b\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u56e0\u6218\u4e89\u800c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5b66\u4e1a\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u8fb9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fb9\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e94\u81f3\u4e03\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684<\/span>\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u4e94\u81f3\u5341\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684<\/span>\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6bcf\u5468\u4e0a\u8bfe\u56db\u6b21\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u5341\u516d\u5c0f\u65f6\u8bfe\u5802\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u56db\u5c0f\u65f6\u54a8\u8be2\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ecd\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u901a\u8fc7\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bf8\u591a\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u5982\u514d\u9664\u591c\u95f4\u548c\u52a0\u73ed\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u671f\u95f4\u5e26\u85aa\u4f11\u5047\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u5de5\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>50<\/span>\u4e07\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u519c\u6c11\u5b66\u6821\u7ea6\u6709<\/span>75<\/span>\u4e07\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t6. <\/span><\/b>\u8bfe\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u8bbe\u65bd<\/span> (Extra-Curricular Facilities)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u82cf\u8054\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8bfe\u5916\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u62d3\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u4ec5\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u5c31\u6709<\/span>700<\/span>\u591a\u4e2a\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u5458\u5bab\u548c\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u5458\u4e4b\u5bb6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u683c\u52d2\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u5458\u5bab\u62e5\u6709<\/span>308<\/span>\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>11,000<\/span>\u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u53c2\u52a0\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\u513f\u7ae5\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u9752\u5e74\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u7ad9\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u5267\u9662\u548c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u8fd8\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u513f\u7ae5\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u6742\u5fd7\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t7. <\/span><\/b>\u8003\u8bd5<\/span> (Examinations)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t1950\u5e74\u521d\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u65b0\u7684<\/span>\u901a\u7528\u6761\u4f8b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u8003\u8bd5\u548c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8003\u8bd5\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u4f8b\u65e8\u5728\u51cf\u8f7b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u516d\u5e74\u7ea7\u4e0d\u518d\u8003\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e03\u5e74\u7ea7\u4e0d\u518d\u8003\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u5916\u8bed\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u516d\u3001 \u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad<\/span> (Vocational Training)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u540e\u5907\u90e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u521d\u7ea7\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u5de5\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u57f9\u8bad\u590d\u6742\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5b66\u5236\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u5de5\u5382\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u57f9\u8bad\u4e0d\u592a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5b66\u5236\u4e94\u5230\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6708\uff09\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u5168\u989d\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u6309\u4e13\u4e1a\u5206\u914d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7ea6<\/span>25%<\/span>\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u4fc4\u8bed\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7b49\u666e\u901a\u6559\u80b2\u79d1\u76ee\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u516b\u5e74\u5185\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u7ea6<\/span>110<\/span>\u4ebf\u5362\u5e03\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728<\/span>1941<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1949<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\u57f9\u8bad\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>450<\/span>\u4e07\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u5de5\u5382\u5185\u8fd8\u8bbe\u6709\u6280\u672f\u5c0f\u7ec4\u548c\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f9b\u5de5\u4eba\u63d0\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e2d\u7b49\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad<\/span><\/b>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5b66\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5b8c\u6210\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u6559\u80b2\u7684<\/span>14<\/span>\u81f3<\/span>30<\/span>\u5c81\u7537\u5973\u3002\u9769\u547d\u524d\u4fc4\u56fd\u53ea\u6709<\/span>295<\/span>\u6240\u6b64\u7c7b\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u800c\u82cf\u8054\u73b0\u5728\u62e5\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u6b64\u7c7b\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u4e86<\/span>120<\/span>\u4e07\u9752\u5e74\u3002\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u8003\u8bd5\u6216\u63d0\u4ea4\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e03\u3001 \u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (Higher Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u63a8\u52a8\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u6709<\/span>800<\/span>\u591a\u6240\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>32<\/span>\u6240\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u57f9\u517b\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u5b66\u9662\u5219\u4e3a\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u7b49\u6240\u6709\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5de5\u4f5c\u57f9\u517b\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6240\u6709\u9ad8\u7b49\u9662\u6821\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u90fd\u5305\u542b<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u4e00\u95e8\u5916\u8bed\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u9075\u5faa\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u65e5\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6559\u5b66\u4eba\u5458\u7531\u6559\u6388\u3001\u526f\u6559\u6388\u3001\u8bb2\u5e08\u548c\u52a9\u6559\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6559\u6388\u548c\u526f\u6559\u6388\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u901a\u8fc7\u7ade\u4e89\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/span>\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d<\/span><\/b>\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u800c<\/span>\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d<\/span><\/b>\u9700\u8981\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u5305\u542b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u9ad8\u7b49\u9662\u6821\u5411<\/span>35<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e14\u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u6574\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u5165\u5b66\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u4fc4\u8bed\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5916\u8bed\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u4e13\u4e1a\u79d1\u76ee\u7684\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u671f\u9650\u4ece<\/span>9<\/span>\u6708<\/span>1<\/span>\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u534a\u5b66\u671f\uff0c\u671f\u672b\u6709\u8003\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u9a8c\u3002\u6bd5\u4e1a\u73ed\u5b66\u751f\u9664\u4e86\u5e74\u7ec8\u8003\u8bd5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u6db5\u76d6\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u5730\u7406\u8003\u5bdf\u3001\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u6216\u519c\u573a\u5b9e\u4e60\uff09\u5728\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5b66\u9662\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u5149\u5b66\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u4e1c\u65b9\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4eab\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u9ad8\u7b49\u9662\u6821\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u3001\u6069\u683c\u65af\u3001\u5217\u5b81\u548c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u57f9\u8bad\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u90fd\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a9\u5b66\u91d1\u548c\u5bbf\u820d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bbe\u6709\u591c\u6821\u548c\u51fd\u6388\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5728\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u65e0\u9700\u653e\u5f03\u5de5\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u51fd\u6388\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5b66\u751f\u603b\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>30<\/span>\u4e07\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u516b\u3001 \u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span> (Cultural Activities)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u666e\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u548c\u542f\u8499\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u6709\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u548c\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u4ec5\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5c31\u6709<\/span>21<\/span>\u5ea7\u6587\u5316\u5bab\u548c<\/span>152<\/span>\u4e2a\u7531\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bbe\u6709\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u9605\u89c8\u5ba4\u3001\u5267\u9662\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u5385\u3001\u5e76\u4e3e\u529e\u8bb2\u5ea7\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3002<\/span>1939<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u603b\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>10<\/span>\u4e07\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6587\u5316\u4f11\u606f\u516c\u56ed<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u81ea<\/span>1930<\/span>\u5e74\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u6587\u5316\u673a\u6784\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u9ad8\u5c14\u57fa\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u5316\u4f11\u606f\u516c\u56ed\u5360\u5730\u5e7f\u5927\uff0c\u8bbe\u6709\u5267\u9662\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u5385\u548c\u4f53\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u904d\u5e03\u57ce\u4e61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65af\u5766\u73b0\u5728\u62e5\u6709\u8fd1<\/span>2,000<\/span>\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7528\u4e8e\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982<\/span>V. I.<\/span>\u5217\u5b81\u535a\u7269\u9986\u548c\u7279\u5217\u5b63\u4e9a\u79d1\u592b\u753b\u5eca\u3002<\/span>\u5168\u8054\u76df\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u666e\u53ca\u534f\u4f1a<\/span><\/b>\u4e8e<\/span>1947<\/span>\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5927\u91cf\u516c\u4f17\u8bb2\u5ea7\u3002\u4ec5<\/span>1949<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u524d\u5341\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u534f\u4f1a\u5c31\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86<\/span>25<\/span>\u4e07\u573a\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86<\/span>2900<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\u6b21\u542c\u4f17\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u4e5d\u3001 \u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u5e08<\/span> (THE SOVIET SCHOOL TEACHER)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u5e08\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5c65\u884c\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u80fd\u3001\u5c06\u6587\u5316\u5e26\u7ed9\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u9752\u5e74\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u961f\u4f0d\u5df2\u63a5\u8fd1<\/span>150<\/span>\u4e07\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9769\u547d\u524d\u4fc4\u56fd\u53ea\u6709<\/span>231,007<\/span>\u540d\u6559\u5e08\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u4f53\u7cfb\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n\t\t\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b66\u5236\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    2. \n\t\t\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u9662\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b66\u5236\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u4e03\u5e74\u5236\u548c\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e94\u81f3\u4e03\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    3. \n\t\t\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u5927\u5b66\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u57f9\u517b\u4e2d\u5b66\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u62e5\u6709<\/span>138<\/span>\u6240\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u6559\u5e08\u4eab\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5956\u91d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u6ee1\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u517b\u8001\u91d1\u3002\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>10<\/span>\u4e07\u540d\u6559\u5e08\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u653f\u5e9c\u52cb\u7ae0\u548c\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u5e08\u88ab\u9009\u5165\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u6700\u9ad8\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u6559\u5e08\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u6709\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6709\u6559\u517b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6597\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t