{"id":1165,"date":"2025-10-18T08:41:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T00:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1165"},"modified":"2025-10-18T08:41:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T00:41:18","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e5%8d%b3%e5%8a%9b%e9%87%8f%e3%80%8beducation-as-power","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1165","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u5373\u529b\u91cf\u300bEducation as Power"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0081<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u5373\u529b\u91cf\u300b<\/u><\/span>Education as Power<\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a<\/span>\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u8be5\u54f2\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u662f\u6587\u5316\u53d8\u9769\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684<\/span>\u5168\u7403\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u6743\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u5373\u7f8e\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7acb\u573a\u548c\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u666e\u904d\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u660e\u786e\u8868\u793a\u652f\u6301\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u5e94\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e00<\/span>\u6fc0\u8fdb\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/strong>\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5371\u673a\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6587\u5316\u5371\u673a\u4f34\u968f\u7740<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u74e6\u89e3<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff08<\/span>\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c38\u6052\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u7f6e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u5982<\/span>\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5b9e\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6700\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u8bfe\u7a0b\u521b\u65b0<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span>\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u517b<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u5373\u529b\u91cf\u300b\uff08<\/span>Education as Power<\/span>\uff09\u7531\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684<\/span>\u6743\u5a01\u4eba\u58eb<\/span><\/b>\u897f\u5965\u591a<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5e03\u62c9\u6885\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Theodore Brameld<\/span>\uff09\u6559\u6388\u64b0\u5199\u3002\u5e03\u62c9\u6885\u5c14\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9898<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/b><\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u5373\u529b\u91cf<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7206\u70b8\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u6559\u80b2\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u7528\u4e8e<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6539\u9020\u800c\u975e\u6bc1\u706d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u5bf9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e66\u8bc4\u6574\u7406\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 1 <\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u5373\u529b\u91cf<\/span> (Education as Power)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5df2\u5b66\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u65e2\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e<\/span>\u5efa\u8bbe\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u6740<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5e03\u62c9\u6885\u5c14\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u4eab\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u8005\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u8005<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u4e16\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u5f15\u5bfc\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8f6c\u578b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u867d\u7136\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u540c\u82f1\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u57f9\u6839\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u5373\u529b\u91cf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u529b\u91cf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u662f<\/span>\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>amoral<\/span>\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u90aa\u6076\u6216\u826f\u5584\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6838\u80fd\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e<\/span>\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u5373\u529b\u91cf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u56db\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\uff0c<\/span>\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u53d6\u5f97\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u5c11\u6570\u4f18\u79c0\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u6838\u652f\u914d\u548c\u592a\u7a7a\u7ade\u8d5b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u53d1\u5c55<\/span>\u7406\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5b83\u63a8\u5d07\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u5373\u7f8e\u5fb7<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u683c\u8a00\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u8d85\u8d8a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u6240\u8c13\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u826f\u5584\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u53d1\u5c55\u4eba\u7c7b<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5373<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u601d\u8003<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u7c7b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u4f1a\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u638c\u63e1\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u5b66\u4f1a\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u638c\u63e1\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u754c\uff08\u5982\u63a7\u5236\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u504f\u597d\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u6700\u5173\u6ce8\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5b83\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6c11\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u80fd\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6587\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u6807\uff0c<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u667a\u6167<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u5173\u952e\u624b\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6587\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u7acb\u573a\uff08\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u6167<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 2 <\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u5371\u673a\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (Crisis and
    \nEducation)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u672c\u4e66\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span>\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Crisis<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a<\/span>\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u6216\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8131\u8282<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1<\/span>\u6096\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\u548c\u5c06\u6587\u660e\u91cd\u5efa\u81f3\u8f89\u714c\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Education<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u4fee\u6539<\/span><\/b>\u5176\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f<\/span>\u53cc\u6781\u4e92\u8865\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f<\/span>\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u4f20\u9012<\/span><\/b>\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f<\/span>\u4fee\u6b63\u3001\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u6539\u53d8<\/span><\/b>\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u6587\u5316\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4fee\u6539<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/b>\u201c<\/span>\u521b\u65b0<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u89d2\u8272\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5f3a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f<\/span><\/b>\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u9884\u6d4b<\/span>\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u5e08\u652f\u6301\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u503e\u5411\u4e8e<\/span><\/b>\u4fdd\u5b88\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f20\u7edf\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e03\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n\t\t\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9053\u5fb7\u826f\u77e5\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c5\u5fc3\u5176\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/span><\/b>\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5931\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u827a\u672f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u827a\u672f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5267\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7530\u7eb3\u897f<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u7684<\/span>\u9893\u5e9f\u548c\u5f02\u5316<\/span><\/b>\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u5b97\u6559\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span>\u9636\u7ea7\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bfb\u6c42\u7cbe\u795e\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5b97\u6559\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n\t\u6559\u80b2\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 3 <\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81<\/span> (Conflicts in
      \nAmerican Educational Theory)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u5316<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7cbe\u795e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6216<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u601d\u6f6e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>ethos<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4f20\u7edf\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u5d29\u6e83\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u516d\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n\t\t\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Skepticism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      2. \n\t\t\u6298\u8877\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Eclecticism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6df7\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      3. \n\t\t\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Conservatism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8bd5\u56fe\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4e2d\u6700\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      4. \n\t\t\u590d\u5f52\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Regressivism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u5230\u6587\u5316\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u66f4\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u53e4\u5178\u65f6\u4ee3\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      5. \n\t\t\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Liberalism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e3b\u5f20\u6e10\u8fdb\u3001\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u5411\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      6. \n\t\t\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Radicalism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8ba4\u4e3a\u91cd\u5927\u5371\u673a\u9700\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u548c\u9769\u65b0\uff0c\u671d\u7740\u5c1a\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8fc8\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n\t\u8fd9\u540e\u56db\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u56db\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u8981\u7d20\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Essentialism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e<\/span>\u6587\u5316\u4fdd\u62a4<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u3002\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b66\u4e60\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f20\u7edf\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u79d1\uff08\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u6c38\u6052\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Perennialism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e<\/span>\u590d\u5f52<\/span><\/b>\u5230\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u771f\u3001\u7f8e\u3001\u5584\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c38\u6052\u539f\u5219<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        3. \n\t\t\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Progressivism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e<\/span>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u3002\u4e3b\u5f20\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        4. \n\t\t\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Reconstructionism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u5f7b\u5e95\u53d8\u9769\u6587\u5316<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \n\t\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\uff08<\/span>continuum<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span>\u8981\u7d20\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>–<\/span>\u6c38\u6052\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4fa7\u91cd\u6587\u5316<\/span>\u4f20\u9012<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\uff09
          \n\u548c <\/span>\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>–<\/span>\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4fa7\u91cd\u6587\u5316<\/span>\u521b\u65b0<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c38\u6052\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff08\u6c38\u6052\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 4 <\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u8fc8\u5411\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66<\/span> (Toward a
          \nReconstructed Philosophy of Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684<\/span>\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n\t\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n\t\t\u5371\u673a\u54f2\u5b66\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b83\u627f\u8ba4\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u901a\u5f80\u6bc1\u706d\u6216\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u6295\u5165\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4eba\u7c7b\u9009\u62e9<\/span>\u91cd\u5efa\u4e4b\u8def<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          2. \n\t\t\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u5371\u673a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8131\u8282\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f<\/span>\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/b>\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6301\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
          3. \n\t\t\u7ee7\u627f\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u8981\u7d20\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u501f\u9274\u4e86<\/span>\u4f20\u9012\u6587\u5316\u8fde\u7eed\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1b\u4ece\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u667a\u80fd\u884c\u52a8<\/span><\/b>\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u5316\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219\uff08\u53d7\u5230\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\uff09\uff1b\u4ece\u6c38\u6052\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u5bf9<\/span>\u76ee\u6807\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u575a\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \n\t\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5176\u538b\u5012\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u9996\u8981\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u4e14\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c\u7684<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>World
            \nCivilization<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u3001\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u6743<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u6743<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u53cc\u6781\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff09\u3002\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u5927\u4f17\u7684<\/span>\u5171\u540c\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u62b1\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u76ee\u7684\u5851\u9020\u624b\u6bb5<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5b83\u7279\u522b\u575a\u6301\u8981\u627f\u8ba4\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684<\/span>\u975e\u7406\u6027\u9a71\u52a8\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u654c\u610f\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u5229\u7528\u4e24\u5927\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/span>\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u3001\u8363\u683c\u3001\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5361\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5173\u4e8e\u9636\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff09\u3002\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 5 <\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u524d\u6cbf<\/span> (Frontiers in
            \nEducational Theory)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

            \n\t\u5e03\u62c9\u6885\u5c14\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u601d\u8003\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u516d\u4e2a\u524d\u6cbf\u95ee\u9898\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5bfc\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n\t\t\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790<\/span> (Logical analysis)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u81f4\u529b\u4e8e<\/span>\u6f84\u6e05\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u8bed\u8a00<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u53cd\u601d<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f60\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u6240\u6709\u6982\u5ff5\u5fc5\u987b<\/span>\u56de\u5f52\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/span><\/b>\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            2. \n\t\t\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Sociological realism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7ea0\u6b63\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u53d7\u5230<\/span>\u6587\u5316\u4e16\u754c\u73b0\u5b9e<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b83\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u548c\u826f\u5584\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5e38\u5e38\u53d7\u5230<\/span>\u9636\u7ea7\u7acb\u573a<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u53d7\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u8feb\u4f7f\u6559\u5e08\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662f\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            3. \n\t\t\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Existentialism)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u5148\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u8868\u8fbe<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5b83\u63a2\u8ba8\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u80cc\u540e\u7684<\/span>\u975e\u7406\u6027\u3001\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u81ea\u6211<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5b83\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u6b7b\u4ea1<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u865a\u65e0\u3001\u975e\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7126\u8651\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            4. \n\t\t\u521b\u9020\u529b<\/span> (Creativity)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8868\u8fbe\u4eba\u7c7b<\/span>\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u72ec\u521b\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u521b\u9020\u529b\u6d89\u53ca<\/span>\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>insight<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u957f\u671f\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u915d\u917f\u540e\u95ea\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\uff08\u5982\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\uff09\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            5. \n\t\t\u793e\u4f1a<\/span>–<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span> (Social-self-realization)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5c\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684<\/span>\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba<\/span>\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d<\/span><\/b>\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6f5c\u80fd\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            6. \n\t\t\u8fdb\u5316<\/span> (Evolution)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u67e5\u5c14\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f<\/span>\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u591f\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdb\u5316<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u662f\u5c06\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bfc\u5411<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a<\/span>–<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 6 <\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u524d\u6cbf<\/span> (Frontiers in
              \nEducational Practice)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7406\u8bba\u524d\u6cbf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n\t\t\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u63d0\u9ad8\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u3002\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u5e08\u5c06\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u5e26\u56de<\/span>\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c06<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u548c\u68c0\u9a8c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u666e\u904d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u9886\u57df\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5e2e\u52a9\u6559\u5e08\u8ba4\u8bc6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/b>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9636\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u5e38\u5e38\u7531\u4e13\u4e1a\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u9636\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5730\u4ee3\u8868\u591a\u6570\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5b83\u6311\u6218\u6559\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u652f\u6301<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6269\u5f20\u529b\u91cf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6536\u7f29\u529b\u91cf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4<\/span>\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230<\/span>\u6559\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u53d8\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u5316<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u88ab\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5316<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u8003\u8bd5\u5bfc\u5411<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u89c6\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u827a\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5e94\u9f13\u52b1<\/span>\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u6700\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff09\uff1b\u9f13\u52b1<\/span>\u521b\u65b0<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5141\u8bb8\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u504f\u79bb\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff09\uff1b\u5e76\u4e3a<\/span>\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u793e\u4f1a<\/span>–<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c\u6210\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u5b66\u6821\u597d\u574f\u7684<\/span>\u6807\u5c3a<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4eba\u7c7b\u6f5c\u80fd\u5728\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u6210\u957f\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7389\u5ddd\u5b66\u56ed\uff08<\/span>Tamagawa Gakuen<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5b66\u6821\u5178\u8303\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              • \n\t\t\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6709\u673a\u6574\u4f53<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u6574\u5408\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u524d\u6709\u673a\u3001\u6709\u673a\u548c\u540e\u6709\u673a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u6001\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 7 <\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a<\/span> (Education as a
                \nHigh Profession)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u5173\u4e8e\u6559\u5e08\u4e13\u4e1a\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u6559\u5b66\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879<\/span>\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5176\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e94\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0e\u6700\u597d\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6821\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n\t\u6559\u5e08\u4e13\u4e1a\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u501f\u9274\u533b\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \n\t\t\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2<\/span> (General Education)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9700\u8981<\/span>\u6574\u5408\u7684\u3001\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u53e0\u52a0\u3002\u5e94\u56f4\u7ed5\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u827a\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                2. \n\t\t\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66<\/span> (Behavioral Sciences)<\/span>\uff08\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u6838\u5fc3\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u5e08\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\uff09\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u6784\u6210\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5360\u56db\u5e74\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u4e60\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\uff08\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                3. \n\t\t\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span> (Practice)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u6df1\u5165\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u63d0\u8bae\u5728\u4e03\u5e74\u7684\u603b\u65f6\u957f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u5e26\u85aa\u5b9e\u4e60\u671f<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>internship<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u8df5\u673a\u4f1a\u5e94\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u57f9\u517b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                4. \n\t\t\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba<\/span> (Educational Theory)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\uff09\u4e3a\u4e13\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u7684<\/span>\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7406\u7531<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5949\u732e\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u4e03\u5e74\u5236<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u517b\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u91c7\u53d6<\/span>\u653b\u52bf<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6bd4\u73b0\u6709\u9879\u76ee\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u9f13\u52b1\u81ea\u7531\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u65e5\u672c\u4e5d\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 8 <\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/span> (The Religious
                  \nDimension of Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                  \n\t\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u704c\u8f93\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u79c1\u7acb\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002 \u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n\t\t\u6c38\u6052\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\/<\/span>\u8981\u7d20\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span>\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u5728<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff09\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u662f<\/span>\u9884\u5148\u6ce8\u5b9a<\/span><\/b>\u7684\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\/<\/span>\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Scientific Humanism<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u5316\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5171\u540c\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u300a\u5341\u8beb\u300b\u89c6\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u51c6\u5219\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \n\t\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>Existential Humanism<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u5bf9<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u8eab\u529b\u91cf\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u5fc3<\/span><\/b>\u800c\u4f9d\u8d56\u8d85\u4eba\u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5b83\u6279\u8bc4\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5173\u6ce8\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5bf9<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u865a\u65e0\uff09\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\uff08\u4e0d\u591f\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u3002
                    \n\u5b58\u5728\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u6539\u5584\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u76f4\u9762<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u771f\u76f8<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u4ed8\u51fa<\/span>\u7126\u8651\u548c\u6050\u60e7<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002 \u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u6279\u5224\u6027\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6027\u5730\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/b>\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5927\u5b97\u6559\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u4e1c\u65b9\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u3001\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6709\u795e\u8bba\uff09\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u53cd\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u704c\u8f93<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 9 <\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u6700\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span> (Values:
                    \nEducation\u2019s Most Neglected Problem)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e5d\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u521d\u4e2d\u5c06\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5b66\u4e60\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u4fee\u8bfe\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u51fa<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2<\/span><\/b>\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6700\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\t\u7f8e\u56fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. \n\t\t\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316<\/span>\/<\/span>\u5ba2\u89c2\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8bfe\u7a0b\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u6240\u8c13\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5ba2\u89c2\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6d89\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u4f26\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    2. \n\t\t\u6587\u5316\u81ea\u6ee1\u4e0e\u51b7\u6f20\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u8fdb\u5316\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u672a\u906d\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u5165\u4fb5\u6216\u6218\u4e89\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u6c11\u666e\u904d\u51b7\u6f20\u548c\u81ea\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u8d28\u7591\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    3. \n\t\t\u6559\u5e08\u4e13\u4e1a\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u5e08\u666e\u904d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5904\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684<\/span>\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\uff09\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    4. \n\t\t\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u6709\u9650\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u521b\u65b0\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u6559\u5b66\u6548\u7387\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6279\u5224\u6216\u521b\u9020\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      \n\t\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \n\t\t\u6559\u5e08\u57f9\u517b\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5fc5\u987b\u5728<\/span>\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5173\u6ce8\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff09 \u548c<\/span>\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba<\/span><\/b> Axiology<\/span>\uff09 \u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                      • \n\t\t\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u5e08\u5e94\u81f3\u5c11\u4fee\u4e60\u4e00\u95e8\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u54f2\u5b66\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                      • \n\t\t\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/span> (Consensual Validation)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5c\u8005\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u53ef\u88ab\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u68c0\u9a8c\u4ef7\u503c\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u5206\u6b67\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                      • \n\t\t\u8bfe\u7a0b\u521b\u65b0\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u201c\u95f4\u63a5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9644\u5e26\u63d0\u53ca\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6<\/span>\u76f4\u63a5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57c3\u585e\u514b\u65af\u6587\u5316\u534f\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Ethical Culture Society<\/span>\uff09\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u5e9c<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5c55\u5f00\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \n\t\u7b2c<\/span> 10 <\/span>\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e\uff1a\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u76ee\u6807<\/span> (World
                        \nCivilization: The Galvanizing Purpose of Public Education)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u91cd\u7533\u4e86<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/b>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u548c\u6fc0\u52b1\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u548c\u798f\u7949\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n\t\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u548c\u969c\u788d\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5b83\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u5371\u9669\u9762\u524d\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u76f2\u76ee\u548c\u762b\u75ea\uff09\u3001<\/span>\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u3001<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u4ec7\u6068<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5265\u524a<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5982\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u4e89\u593a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n\t\u4ee5\u795e\u8bdd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c61\u5f81\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u751f\u52a8\u3001\u611f\u4eba\u7684\u8c61\u5f81<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u795e\u8bdd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u795e\u8bdd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span><\/b>\u201c<\/span>\u8d4b\u4e88\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u63a7\u5236\u6027\u610f\u8c61<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u795e\u8bdd\u5316<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b<\/span><\/b>\u98a0\u5012\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c06<\/span>\u827a\u672f<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff09\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u540c\u7b49\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u613f\u666f\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u54c1\u8d28<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3001\u6700\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5173\u5207\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n\t\u4e16\u754c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e\u8981\u6c42\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u575a\u5b9a\u7acb\u573a\u652f\u6301<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb<\/span>\/<\/span>\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u5f02\u8bae\uff09\u3002 <\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u652f\u6301<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u6743<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\u3002 \u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span>\u8d44\u6e90\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/b>\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5dee\u8ddd\u548c\u5265\u524a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u76f4\u9762<\/span>\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u5212<\/span><\/b>\u7b49\u4e0d\u53ef\u56de\u907f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n\t\u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u6784\u60f3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684<\/span>\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57f9\u517b\u5e94\u653e\u5728<\/span>\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u4e0a\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u521b\u65b0\u5e94\u4ee5<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/b>\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u77ed\u89c6\u3001\u8c28\u614e\u3001\u80c6\u602f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u4e71<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n\t\u9644\u5f55\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u7684\u7eb2\u9886<\/span> (A Charter for Educational Leadership)<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                        \n\t\u9644\u5f55\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u516b\u4e2a\u6307\u5bfc\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. \n\t\t\u521b\u9020\u529b<\/span> (Creativity)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9f13\u52b1\u6559\u804c\u5458\u5de5<\/span>\u504f\u79bb<\/span><\/b>\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5177\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u79d1\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u7684<\/span>\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        2. \n\t\t\u80c6\u8bc6<\/span> (Audacity)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u8fdc\u89c1<\/span><\/b>\uff08<\/span>utopian mood<\/span>\uff0c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u60c5\u7ed3\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece<\/span>\u672a\u6765<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6559\u80b2\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        3. \n\t\t\u6307\u5bfc\u6027<\/span> (Directiveness)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u89c6\u6559\u80b2\u4e3a<\/span>\u6587\u5316\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u9996\u8981\u673a\u6784<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5e94\u5c06\u673a\u6784\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e<\/span>\u540e\u6709\u673a\u8fdb\u5316<\/span><\/b>\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u6307\u5bfc\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff09\u76f8\u8fde\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        4. \n\t\t\u8d8b\u540c\u6027<\/span> (Convergence)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b63<\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u62d2\u5730\u8d70\u5411\u7edf\u4e00<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cf0\u5c14\u54c8\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6c99\u5c14\u4e39\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u79ef\u6781\u6d88\u9664\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u7b49<\/span>\u963b\u788d\u8d8b\u540c\u7684\u969c\u788d<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        5. \n\t\t\u627f\u8bfa\u6027<\/span> (Commitment)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u6301\u6709<\/span>\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u516c\u5f00\u81ea\u5df1\u7684<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u60c5\u611f\u6295\u5165<\/span><\/b>\u4e0e<\/span>\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6709\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u667a\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        6. \n\t\t\u5bf9\u6297\u6027<\/span> (Confrontation)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5<\/span>\u575a\u97e7\u7684\u6001\u5ea6<\/span><\/b>\u76f4\u9762\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f<\/span>\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u969c\u788d<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u7075\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff09\u8fd8\u662f<\/span>\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u969c\u788d<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        7. \n\t\t\u4ecb\u5165\u6027<\/span> (Involvement)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c06\u601d\u60f3\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5229\u7528<\/span>\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5e94\u652f\u6301\u6559\u5e08\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        8. \n\t\t\u63a7\u5236\u6027<\/span> (Control)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5fc5\u987b\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb<\/span>\/<\/span>\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u5f02\u8bae\uff09\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u62d2\u7edd\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5c06\u6743\u529b\u5b8c\u5168\u8d4b\u4e88\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u793e\u533a\u673a\u4f53\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u884c\u653f<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5b9e\u65bd\u653f\u7b56\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u5bfc<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5236\u5b9a\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                          \n\t
                          \n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                          \n\t