{"id":1135,"date":"2025-10-14T20:57:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T12:57:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1135"},"modified":"2025-10-14T20:57:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T12:57:21","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e4%b8%8e%e6%96%b0%e5%8a%9f%e5%88%a9%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e3%80%8b-education-and-the-new-utiiitarianism-and-other-educationai-addresses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1135","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u65b0\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b Education and the New UtiIitarianism and Other EducationaI Addresses"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0079<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u65b0\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tEducation
\nand the New UtiIitarianism and Other EducationaI Addresses<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8fbe\u7f57\u514b\uff08<\/span>Alexander Darroch<\/span>\uff09\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u65b0\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u80b2\u6f14\u8bb2\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u5411\u5404\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u56e2\u4f53\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8 <\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u601d\u8003\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e8e <\/span>1914<\/span><\/strong>\u5e74<\/span><\/strong> \u5728\u4f26\u6566\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3001\u5b5f\u4e70\u548c\u52a0\u5c14\u5404\u7b54\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u5e8f\u8a00\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f00\u7bc7\u7684\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u65b0\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5 <\/span>\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/strong> \u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5305\u62ec <\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u5973\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u7406\u60f3<\/span><\/strong>\u3001<\/span>\u5bb6\u653f\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/strong> \u5728\u5973\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca <\/span>\u5b66\u6821\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u4e13\u95e8\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86 <\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span><\/strong> \u548c <\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u6ce8\u91cd\u57f9\u517b\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u79ef\u7d2f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u80cc\u666f\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u7531\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u8fbe\u7f57\u514b\uff08<\/span>Alexander Darroch, M.A.<\/span>\uff09\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u4e8e<\/span> 1914 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u5411\u5404\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u534f\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u7cbe\u9009\u96c6\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u51fa\u7248\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u6f14\u8bb2\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5f00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6240\u9610\u8ff0\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>pragmatic<\/span>\uff09\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ae0\u8282\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u65b0\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<\/span>EDUCATION AND THE NEW UTILITARIANISM<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\u7bc7\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\uff08<\/span>Pragmatic Spirit<\/span>\uff09\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u73b0\u72b6\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u754c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u6837\u5316\u548c\u5f39\u6027\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u591a\u6837\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u90e8\u5206\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u65b0\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u5b83<\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u975e\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ca\u5176\u83b7\u53d6\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u67d0\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u76ee\u7684\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u8861\u91cf\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662f<\/span>\u529f\u5229\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08<\/span>socially efficient individual<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u5e76\u975e\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u3001\u6c38\u6052\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u4e14\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7406\u667a\u662f\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5851\u9020\u7684\uff08\u5f15\u7528\u67cf\u683c\u68ee\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      \n
    • \n\t\t\t\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u8ffd\u6c42\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7eaa\u5f8b\u6216\u77e5\u8bc6\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684<\/span>\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\t\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e94\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8981\u6c42\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u591a\u6837\u6027\u800c\u591a\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\t\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e0e\u667a\u529b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bad\u7ec3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u670d\u4ece\u3001\u52e4\u594b\u7b49\u4e60\u60ef\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u672a\u6765\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u7387\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\t\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u9f13\u52b1\u91c7\u7528\u79ef\u6781\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u73ed\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    • \n\t\t\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u672c\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c<\/span>\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u7528\u6027\u624d\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u8fc7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\uff08<\/span>Democracy and Education<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u6240\u8c13\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u4f17\u63a7\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n\t\t\u95ee\u9898\u7126\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6559\u80b2\u5df2\u4ea4\u7531\u6c11\u4f17\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u5e76\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      2. \n\t\t\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u5174\u8da3\u4f4e\u3002\u8d2b\u56f0\u6cd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Poor Law Commissioners<\/span>\uff09\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e66\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u57f9\u517b\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u6216\u8fdc\u89c1\uff0c\u4e14\u672a\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e2d\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u94c1\u8def\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u5185\u8bbe\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      3. \n\t\t\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b\u539f\u5219\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u89e3\u8bfb<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u667a\u529b\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u6e90\u81ea<\/span>\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u519c\u573a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      4. \n\t\t\u62bd\u8c61\u5e73\u7b49\u8c2c\u8bef\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6e90\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5e73\u7b49\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u62bd\u8c61\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u5ff5\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5168\u9762\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u5e73\u7b49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>equality of all-round incompetence<\/span>\uff09\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u96c5\u5178\u6c11\u4e3b\u5ba1\u5224\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      5. \n\t\t\u5bf9\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u66fe\u5c06\u884c\u653f\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5fc5\u8981\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u5730\u65b9\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b9e\u9645\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u843d\u5165\u4e2d\u592e\u4e13\u5bb6\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u7cbe\u82f1\uff09\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6559\u80b2\u88ab<\/span>\u4e00\u5200\u5207\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e66\u672c\u7684\u7406\u5ff5<\/span><\/b>\u6240\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u6709\u5929\u8d4b\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9636\u68af<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u57f9\u517b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e3a\u5728\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u751f\u6d3b\u5c97\u4f4d\u4e0a\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
      6. \n\t\t\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728<\/span>\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/span><\/b>\u548c\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5176\u53e3\u53f7\u5e94\u8be5\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>competence<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u9009\u4e3e\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u5b98\u5458\u8fd8\u662f\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\uff08<\/span>THE Moral Education Problem<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

        \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u89c6\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3001\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n\t\t\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u53ca\u7d27\u8feb\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u516c\u6c11\u7684<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6548\u7387<\/span><\/b>\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
        2. \n\t\t\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            \n
          • \n\t\t\t\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d8\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b66\u6821\u66f4\u52a0\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u667a\u529b\u76ee\u6807\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e16\u4fd7\u6210\u529f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6240\u9700\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u6807\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6b21\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\t\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f71\u54cd\u51cf\u5f31\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f69\u65af\u5854\u6d1b\u9f50\u65f6\u4ee3\u90a3\u79cd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u54c1\u683c\u5851\u9020\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6027\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\t\u77e5\u8bc6\u6269\u5f20\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u589e\u957f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8d1f\u62c5\u8fc7\u91cd\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5851\u9020\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\t\u667a\u529b\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b97\u6559\u5f71\u54cd\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u8d70\u5411<\/span>\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7406\u60f3\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\t\u8003\u8bd5\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5916\u90e8\u8003\u8bd5\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6559\u5e08\u5ffd\u89c6\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
          • \n\t\t\t\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u514d\u8d39\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u667a\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u8b66\u89c9\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u6539\u5584\u65b9\u9762\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u589e\u52a0\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          • \n\t\t\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              \n
            • \n\t\t\t\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5bfc<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u63d0\u5021\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u4f20\u6388\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7981\u9152\u3001\u53cd\u8d4c\u535a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\t\u95f4\u63a5\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u54c1\u683c\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u6697\u793a\u9053\u5fb7\u771f\u7406\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u6559\u5e08\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            • \n\t\t\u5bf9\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5371\u9669\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u771f\u7406\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fc7\u65e9\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u9053\u5fb7\u542f\u8499\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e60\u60ef\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u4f1a\u57f9\u517b\u51fa<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u8be1\u8fa9\u5bb6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5bfc\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u5b9e\u65bd\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8bb8\u591a\u8d2b\u56f0\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u9762\u4e34\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0d\u4f73\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u969c\u788d\uff08\u5f15\u7528\u5362\u68ad\uff09\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0e\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5927\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u6559\u5e08\u4eba\u683c\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u65bd\u52a0\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
            • \n\t\t\u6559\u5e08\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u5e08\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5524\u8d77\u5b66\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u94a6\u4f69\u3001\u656c\u754f\u6216\u5d07\u656c<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u626c\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u5c0a\u5fc3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u8d23\u6765\u5f15\u53d1\u81ea\u6211\u7f9e\u8fb1\u611f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u5e08\u5177\u5907\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u6301\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u5973\u5b50\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\uff08<\/span>TWO Ideals of the End of Woman\u2019s
              \nEducation<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

              \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u5973\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u5362\u68ad\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e0e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \n\t\t\u4e09\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u51b3\u5b9a\u5973\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff08<\/span>1<\/span>\uff09\u7537\u6027\u7684\u59bb\u5b50<\/span>\/<\/span>\u4f34\u4fa3\uff0c\uff08<\/span>2<\/span>\uff09\u6bcd\u4eb2<\/span>\/<\/span>\u517b\u80b2\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\uff08<\/span>3<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2a\u4f53\u5168\u90e8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5728\u4e8e\u548c\u8c10\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u987b<\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\uff08\u4e2a\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
              2. \n\t\t\u5362\u68ad\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5362\u68ad\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff08\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u56f4\u7ed5\u5176<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u4f34\u4fa3\u7684\u672a\u6765\u89d2\u8272<\/span><\/b>\u3002 <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                  \n
                • \n\t\t\t\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u53d6\u60a6\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u6109\u60a6\u751c\u871c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\t\u57f9\u517b\u65b9\u5411<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u6e29\u987a\u3001\u9a6f\u670d\u3001\u987a\u4ece\uff1b\u56de\u907f\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u539f\u521b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\t\u6838\u5fc3\u5b66\u79d1<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66<\/span><\/b>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u5979\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9002\u5e94\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u53d6\u60a6\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\t\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u5076<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>charming automaton<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u53d7\u4e60\u4fd7\u800c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u5c06\u5979\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7cbe\u529b\u6295\u5165\u5230<\/span>\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5b8c\u5168\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                • \n\t\t\t\u6279\u5224<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5362\u68ad\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u7247\u9762\u9519\u8bef\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5dee\u5f02\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u7537\u5973\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u5973\u6027\u540c\u6837\u6709\u6743\u50cf\u7537\u6027\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u5c55\u5979\u7684\u7406\u6027\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                • \n\t\t\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u627f\u8ba4\u5973\u6027\u6709<\/span>\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5145\u5206\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4e2a\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7279\u522b\u53c2\u7167\u5176\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u804c\u8d23\u3002 <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    \n
                  • \n\t\t\t\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4e0d\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u4eab\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u540c\u7b49\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5973\u6027\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a <\/span>virago<\/span><\/i>\uff08\u5728\u667a\u529b\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6700\u777f\u667a\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\u7684\u575a\u5f3a\u5973\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\t\u65b9\u5411<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4ee5\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u5973\u6027\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4eba\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                  • \n\t\t\t\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u627f\u8ba4\u7537\u5973\u7684<\/span>\u672c\u8d28\u540c\u4e00\u6027<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u5973\u6027\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ecd\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  • \n\t\t\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u73b0\u4ee3\u5973\u6027\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\uff08\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7684<\/span>\u624b\u6bb5<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u5c55\u5176\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u66f4\u9ad8\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5a5a\u59fb\u7edf\u4e00<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \n\t\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u5bb6\u653f\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u5973\u5b50\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff08<\/span>The Place of the Domestic Sciences in
                    \nthe Education of Girls<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6280\u672f\u57f9\u8bad<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u667a\u529b\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u72ed\u9698\u4fa7\u91cd\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bb6\u653f\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684<\/span>\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. \n\t\t\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bb6\u653f\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u56fd\u5185\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\u6559\u5b66\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u5987\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u672a\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                    2. \n\t\t\u5f53\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fd9\u79cd\u5931\u8d25\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a <\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                        \n
                      • \n\t\t\t\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u667a\u529b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u667a\u529b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                      • \n\t\t\t\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u6280\u672f\u57f9\u8bad\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u76ee\u6807\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d5a\u53d6\u5de5\u8d44\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6216<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      • \n\t\t\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6c11\u65cf\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u57f9\u517b<\/span>\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u806a\u660e\u7406\u667a\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u3001\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7ba1\u7406\u8005<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u524a\u5f31\u5973\u6027\u5c65\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/span>\u6838\u5fc3\u804c\u8d23<\/span><\/b>\u6548\u7387\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u90fd\u662f\u6839\u672c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                      • \n\t\t\u5bb6\u653f\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u5b66\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                          \n
                        • \n\t\t\t\u57fa\u4e8e\u5065\u5168\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6280\u672f\u57f9\u8bad\u5fc5\u987b\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u62d3\u5bbd\u667a\u529b\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u9053\u5fb7\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                        • \n\t\t\t\u63a8\u8fdf\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5bb6\u653f\u79d1\u76ee\u5e94\u4ece\u5c0f\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\uff08<\/span>12-13<\/span>\u5c81\uff09\u7684<\/span>\u8865\u5145\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/b>\u6216\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5c0f\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7f1d\u7eab\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u6027\u624b\u5de5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u773c\u775b\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u548c\u624b\u7684\u7075\u5de7\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5236\u4f5c\u5b9e\u7528\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                        • \n\t\t\t\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5b66\u6821\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u8865\u5145\u5bb6\u5ead\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                        • \n\t\t\t\u8d34\u5408\u672a\u6765\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u6559\u5b66\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u5e94\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u73af\u5883\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5bb6\u5ead\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                        • \n\t\t\t\u6559\u5e08\u80fd\u529b\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u7d20\u8d28\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5f85\u9047\u5e94\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u5e08\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ol>\n

                          \n\t\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08<\/span>THE School and the State<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                          \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8bc9\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. \n\t\t\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u8303\u56f4\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6280\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\uff08\u5f3a\u5236\u4f53\u68c0\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                          2. \n\t\t\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u65cf\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u6c11\u65cf\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u52aa\u529b\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u7684<\/span>\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6548\u7387\uff08\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u7387\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u6548\u7387<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u57f9\u517b\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u81ea\u51b3\u7684\u4eba\u683c\uff09\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                          3. \n\t\t\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u6559\u80b2\u8bc9\u6c42\u53ca\u8bc4\u4f30\uff08<\/span>166<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                              \n
                            • \n\t\t\t1. <\/span><\/b>\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\uff08\u540c\u610f\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fd9\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u5145\u5206\u63d0\u4f9b\u548c\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6559\u80b2\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                            • \n\t\t\t2. <\/span><\/b>\u6240\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u514d\u8d39\uff08\u53cd\u5bf9\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86<\/span>\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u5e94\u652f\u6301\uff09\u4e0e<\/span>\u5f85\u9047\u5e73\u7b49<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u62c9\u4f4e\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\uff09\u3002\u5168\u9762\u514d\u8d39\u5c06<\/span>\u524a\u5f31\u7236\u6bcd\u5bf9\u5b50\u5973\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u7684\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                            • \n\t\t\t3. <\/span><\/b>\u56fd\u5bb6\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u969c\u788d\uff08\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u540c\u610f\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u52a9\u5b66\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u548c<\/span>\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7236\u6bcd<\/span>\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u969c\u788d\u4e14\u4e0d\u6c38\u4e45\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u7387<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u5e94\u627f\u62c5\u514d\u8d39\u4f9b\u9910\u6216\u533b\u7597\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            • \n\t\t\u603b\u7ed3\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u6559\u80b2\u624b\u6bb5\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0e<\/span>\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u7236\u6bcd\u8d23\u4efb<\/span><\/b>\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              \n\t\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f\uff08<\/span>IS A Science of Education Possible?<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                              \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u8d28\u7591\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b8c\u5168\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. \n\t\t\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                  \n
                                • \n\t\t\t\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u4e2a\u522b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e86\u89e3\uff09\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                                • \n\t\t\t\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff1a\u5982\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u53ef\u786e\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u91cf\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                • \n\t\t\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff08\u5982\u5fb7\u91cc\u65bd\u6240\u8a00\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7528\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8303\u7574\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u662f<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6027\uff08<\/span>self-conscious purpose<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u673a\u68b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u9057\u6f0f\u8fd9\u4e00\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                • \n\t\t\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6307\u5bfc\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                    \n
                                  • \n\t\t\t\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\uff08<\/span>End<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u786e\u5b9a\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u660e\u786e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                                  • \n\t\t\t\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff08<\/span>Curriculum<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u786e\u5b9a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5148\u5929\u7980\u8d4b\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                                  • \n\t\t\t\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08<\/span>Methods<\/span>\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u5fc3\u667a\u6210\u957f\u548c\u4e60\u60ef\u5f62\u6210\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u4f46\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e76\u975e\u6559\u5e08\u6210\u529f\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c<\/span>\u70ed\u60c5\u3001\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/b>\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                  • \n\t\t\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u4e60\u60ef\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5fc3\u667a\u6210\u957f\u662f<\/span>\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\uff08<\/span>sui generis<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u5fc3\u667a\u53d1\u5c55\u5b8c\u5168\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u5c1a\u672a\u63a5\u8fd1\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\uff08<\/span>scientific pedagogy<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    \n\t\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u4ef7\u503c\uff08<\/span>THE Meaning and Educational Value of
                                    \nHistory<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

                                    \n\t\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e00\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. \n\t\t\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u6fc0\u53d1\u60f3\u8c61\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff1b\u57f9\u517b\u7406\u6027\u548c\u6279\u5224\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u6269\u5c55\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u89c6\u91ce\uff1b\u5e76\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\u660e\u667a\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/b>\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                    2. \n\t\t\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u53d7\u5230\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b83\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u786e\u5b9a\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7684<\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63cf\u8ff0\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                    3. \n\t\t\u5386\u53f2\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u56db\u91cd\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \n\t\t\t1. <\/span><\/b>\u51c6\u786e\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u6279\u5224\u529f\u80fd\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0e\u4f20\u8bf4\u3001\u795e\u8bdd\u5206\u79bb\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u52a8\u673a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                                      • \n\t\t\t2. <\/span><\/b>\u60f3\u8c61\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u529f\u80fd\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\uff0c\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u60f3\u8c61\u51fa\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba9\u5386\u53f2\u611f\u89c9\u771f\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                                      • \n\t\t\t3. <\/span><\/b>\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u7406\u6027\u529f\u80fd\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5bfb\u6c42\u786e\u5b9a\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7684<\/span>\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u6216\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5df4\u514b\u5c14\u7684\u7269\u7406\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89e3\u91ca\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n
                                      • \n\t\t\t4. <\/span><\/b>\u54f2\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u7ec8\u6781\u529f\u80fd\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u63a2\u8ba8\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684<\/span>\u6700\u7ec8\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9010\u6e10\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6216\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64<\/span>\u7ec8\u6781\u5386\u53f2\uff08<\/span>ultimate history<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                      • \n\t\t\u5bf9\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a<\/span><\/b> \u5728\u5b66\u6821\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u5b66\u5e94\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e<\/span>\u6fc0\u53d1\u60f3\u8c61\u529b<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u8ffd\u8e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span>\u5b9e\u8df5\u5224\u65ad\u529b<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u672a\u6765\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                        \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

                                        \n\t