{"id":1069,"date":"2025-10-09T18:03:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T10:03:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1069"},"modified":"2025-10-09T18:03:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T10:03:55","slug":"%e5%ad%94%e5%ad%90%e4%b8%8e%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3-confucius-and-confucianism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1069","title":{"rendered":"\u5b54\u5b50\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3  Confucius and Confucianism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">0065 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>\u5b54\u5b50\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3<\/strong><\/u><\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:24px;\"><u><strong>Confucius<br \/>\nand Confucianism<\/strong><\/u><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00004-679x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"965\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1070\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00004-679x1024.jpg 679w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00004-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00004-768x1159.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00004-1018x1536.jpg 1018w, https:\/\/muma.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image00004.jpg 1168w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u300b<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u542b\u5112\u5bb6\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u732e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\u7684\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b54\u5b50\u7684<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u51fa\u751f\u3001\u65e9\u5e74\u7ecf\u5386\u3001\u5b98\u804c\u6c89\u6d6e\u548c\u5468\u6e38\u5217\u56fd\u7684\u56f0\u987f<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u5728\u9c81\u56fd\u4e3a\u5b98\u3001\u88ab\u9f50\u56fd\u963b\u6320\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u536b\u56fd\u548c\u9648\u8521\u4e4b\u95f4\u906d\u9047\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u5bf9\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8003\u5bdf<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u5e74\u4ee3\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5b54\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u8005<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53ca\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6df1\u8fdc\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u5219<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7740\u91cd\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u4e66\u300b\uff08\u5c1a\u4e66\uff09\u3001\u300a\u8bd7\u300b\uff08\u8bd7\u7ecf\uff09\u3001<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e09\u793c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b54\u5b50\u665a\u5e74\u6574\u7406\u7684<\/span><\/strong><span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u300b<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u3001\u540e\u4e16\u5112\u5bb6\u8457\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b63\u540d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u548c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4ec1<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u9644\u5e26\u7684\u77ed\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5b54\u5b50\u601d\u60f3\u7684<\/span><\/strong><span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6df1\u539a\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7279\u8d28<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u53ca\u5176\u5728<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5a01\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Richard Wilhelm<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1899\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u8eab\u4efd\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c72\u53d6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u800c\u975e\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u7531\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7H\u00b7\u4e39\u987f\uff08George H. Danton\uff09\u548c\u5b89\u59ae\u5a1c\u00b7\u4f69\u91cc\u4e9a\u59c6\u00b7\u4e39\u987f\uff08Annina Periam Danton\uff09\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u4e8e1931\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u867d\u7136\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u6784\u4e25\u8c28\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e00\u3001 \u5b54\u5b50\u751f\u5e73\u4e0e\u53f2\u6599\u8bc4\u8ff0<\/span><\/b><b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff09\u57fa\u4e8e\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\uff08Sse-Ma Ch&#8217;ien\uff09\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u3002\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b54\u5b50\u4f20\u8bb0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u5b54\u5b50\u4f20\u8bb0\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u5219\u5bf9\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\u5728\u64b0\u5199\u5b54\u5b50\u4f20\u8bb0\u65f6\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u7684\u516c\u7f8a\u548c\u8c37\u6881\u6ce8\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u300b\uff08Tso Chuan\uff09\u548c\u300a\u56fd\u8bed\u300b\uff08Kuo Y\u00fc\uff09\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u8bed\u5f55\u300b\uff08Lun Y\u00fc\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u5bb6\u8bed\u300b\uff08Chia Y\u00fc\uff09\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u53f2\u6599\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b5f\u50d6\u5b50\uff08Meng Hsi-tze\uff09\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65e5\u671f\u88ab\u8bef\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u7ecf\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u6821\u8ba2\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b54\u5b50\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u66fe\u524d\u5f80\u5468\u671d\uff08Chou\uff09\u4eac\u57ce\uff08\u6d1b\u9633\uff09\u6c42\u95ee\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u8001\u5b50\uff08Lao Tze\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u7684<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u77ed\u6682\u4f46\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u4e3a\u5b98\u65f6\u671f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9c81\u56fd\uff08Lu\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u90fd\u5bb0\u548c\u53f8\u5bc7\uff08Minister<br \/>\nof Justice\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u5939\u8c37\u4f1a\u76df\uff09\u548c\u5bf9\u5185\u6574\u987f\uff08\u5982\u62c6\u9664\u4e09\u6853\u57ce\u5899\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u529f\u548c\u5176\u5145\u5206\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u5b54\u5b50\u540e\u6765\u957f\u671f\u4e14\u5f92\u52b3\u5730\u5bfb\u6c42\u5728\u5404\u56fd\u4e3a\u5b98\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e8c\u3001 \u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u732e\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/b><b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u5112\u5bb6\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u732e\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u672c\u4eba\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8457\u8ff0\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e3b\u8981\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f20\u627f\u800c\u975e\u521b\u9020<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u8d4b\u4e88\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u6765\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6539\u9769\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6838\u5fc3\u7ecf\u5178\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u5c1a\u4e66\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Book of Records<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5b54\u5b50\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6574\u7406\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u73b0\u5b58\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u6d2a\u8303\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Great Plan<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u795e\u8bdd<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u5236\u4f53\u7cfb\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\uff08<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Book of Odes<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5b54\u5b50\u5c06\u5176\u97f3\u4e50\u4e0e\u53e4\u4ee3\u97f3\u4e50\u8c03\u548c\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53e3\u5934\u4f20\u6388\u5bf9\u8bd7\u6b4c\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ece\u8bd7\u96c6\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u5b54\u5b50\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Data on Manners<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8be5\u4e66\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u5b54\u5b50\u5173\u4e8e\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793c\u4eea\u662f\u548c\u8c10\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u524d\u63d0<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u5468\u6613\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Book of Changes<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5b54\u5b50\u665a\u5e74\u4e3b\u8981\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u6b64\u4e66\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u5305\u542b\u516d\u5341\u56db\u4e2a\u5366\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e16\u95f4\u4e8b\u6001\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6838<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">nuclei<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u521d\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfc\u5411\u671f\u671b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Spring and Autumn Annals<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b54\u5b50\u665a\u5e74\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u6b64\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u786e\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bcd\u8bed\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u79d8\u5bc6\u5730\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u5224<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u540e\u5112\u5bb6\u8457\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Conversations of Confucius<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u5b54\u5b50\u672c\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u6559\u4e49<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Great Learning<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u548c\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Measure and Mean<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u548c\u5b5f\u5b50\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Mencius<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09\u65f6\u671f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">The Philosopher Mencius<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5b5f\u5b50\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b54\u5b50\u5b66\u8bf4\u6781\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bc1\u660e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4e09\u3001 \u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u4e49<\/span><\/b><b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u96c6\u4e2d\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u4e49\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4ec1\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Humanitarianism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b54\u5b50\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5185\u5728\u548c\u539f\u59cb\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3a<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u7231\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff0c\u5176\u6839\u6e90\u662f<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5b5d\u9053<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u793c\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Forms and Ceremonials<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u4ec1\u901a\u8fc7\u793c\u4eea\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5728\u771f\u8bda\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u7a7a\u6d1e\u4e14\u53ef\u9119\u7684<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5185\u5728\u51b2\u52a8\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/span><span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5fe0\u6055\u4e4b\u9053\uff08<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Chung Shu<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u6559\u4e49\u4e2d\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201c<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5df1\u6240\u4e0d\u6b32\uff0c\u52ff\u65bd\u4e8e\u4eba<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u201d<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u4ece\u81ea\u8eab\u63a8\u65ad\u4ed6\u4eba\uff09\u548c\u201c\u5df1\u6b32\u7acb\u800c\u7acb\u4eba\uff0c\u5df1\u6b32\u8fbe\u800c\u8fbe\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff09\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u6b63\u540d\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">Rectification of the Names, Ching Ming<\/span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff09<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5b54\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u7406\u60f3\u5730\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u7406\u60f3\u7684\uff08\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff09\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u540d\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n\t\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u541b\u5b50\u4e0e\u5c0f\u4eba<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff1a\u5b54\u5b50\u7528<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u541b\u5b50<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u804c\u8d23\u800c\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5c06\u795e\u5723\u878d\u5165\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff09\u548c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u5c0f\u4eba<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\uff08\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u52a8\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\uff09\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u541b\u5b50\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u4eba\u5219\u8981\u88ab\u9886\u5bfc\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u56db\u3001 \u5386\u53f2\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/b><b><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u672c\u4e66\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u7ad9\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u6307\u5bfc\u6743\u4ece\u795e\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4eba\u7c7b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u57f9\u517b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u8d35\u65cf\u5236\u201d\uff08an aristocracy of the spirit\uff09\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b54\u5b50\u5b66\u8bf4\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u591a\u6b21\u906d\u9047\u6311\u6218\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0e\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\u7684\u711a\u4e66\u6597\u4e89\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u62e5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5f39\u6027\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u672c\u4eba\u201c\u5929\u771f\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5b83\u65b0\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u771f\u7406\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u4f1f\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u771f\u7406\u4f1f\u5927<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;\">\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1sGMDXfI83xkd9zFacQ9uDMdk-zmv16M1\/preview\" width=\"800\" height=\"1080\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size:18px;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e660065 &nbsp; \u5b54\u5b50\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3 Confucius and Confucianism &#038;nb [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1070,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[153,242,281],"class_list":["post-1069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-5","tag-153","tag-242","tag-281"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1069"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1071,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1069\/revisions\/1071"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muma.my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}