{"id":1041,"date":"2025-10-08T11:55:43","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T03:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1041"},"modified":"2025-10-08T11:55:43","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T03:55:43","slug":"%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%ad%94%e5%ad%90%e5%88%b0%e6%af%9b%e6%b3%bd%e4%b8%9c-chinese-thought-from-confucius-to-mao-tse-tung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muma.my\/?p=1041","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u4ece\u5b54\u5b50\u5230\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c Chinese Thought from Confucius to Mao Tse-Tung"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u4e25\u5143\u7ae0\u85cf\u4e66<\/span>0059 <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u4ece\u5b54\u5b50\u5230\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tChinese
\nThought  from Confucius to Mao Tse-Tung<\/u><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u4ece\u5b54\u5b50\u5230\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300b<\/span>\u7531<\/span><\/strong><\/span>H. G. Creel<\/span>\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ece\u5148\u79e6\u65f6\u671f\u5230\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u4eba\u540d<\/span>\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u897f\u65b9\u8bfb\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5e76\u611f\u8c22\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u5305\u62ec<\/span><\/span>T. H. Tsien<\/span>\u5728\u5185\u7684\u591a\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b\u548c\u5b66\u8005<\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u548c\u6279\u5224\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u7ae0\u8282\u76ee\u5f55\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u5148\u79e6\u8bf8\u5b50\u767e\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u5b54\u5b50\u3001\u58a8\u5b50\u3001\u5b5f\u5b50\u3001\u9053\u5bb6\u548c\u6cd5\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong>\u7b49\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86<\/span>\u6c49\u4ee3\u7684\u6298\u8877\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u4e0e\u5b8b\u660e\u7406\u5b66\uff08<\/span><\/strong><\/span>Neo-Confucianism<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u6e05\u4ee3\u5bf9\u5b8b\u660e\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53cd\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u6bb5\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u4e86<\/span>\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\uff08\u5982<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u793c<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u541b\u5b50<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u58a8\u5bb6\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u517c\u7231<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9053\u5bb6\u548c\u6cd5\u5bb6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u548c\u5546\u9785\u7684\u5f3a\u6743\u601d\u60f3\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7531\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005<\/span> H. G. Creel <\/span>\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d8b\u52bf<\/span> (the main trends of Chinese thought)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86<\/span>\u6df1\u523b\u800c\u900f\u5f7b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8ffd\u6eaf<\/span> (incisive and penetrating history)<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u4ece<\/span>\u516c\u5143\u524d\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span> (the pre-Christian era)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u76f4\u81f3<\/span>\u5f53\u4ee3<\/span> (up to the present)<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u4e8e<\/span>1953<\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u7248\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5<\/span> Mentor Book <\/span>\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u5b97\u65e8<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tCreel \u6559\u6388\u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u4e00\u90e8<\/span>\u975e\u6280\u672f\u6027\u7684<\/span> (non-technical account)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u7684<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u8109\u7edc<\/span> (the main outlines)<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u65e8\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u90e8<\/span>\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2<\/span> (an exhaustive history of Chinese philosophy)<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3<\/span>\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/span><\/b> (important)<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u4e66\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u8bfb\u7269\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u672c\u4e66\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6001\u5ea6<\/span> (Traditional Attitudes of Destiny):<\/span><\/b> \u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span> (Influence of Cultural Traditions):<\/span><\/b> \u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u5982\u4f55<\/span>\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u653f\u7b56<\/span> (influence the policies of
    \n her present)<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u4e2d\u897f\u65b9\u88c2\u75d5<\/span> (Rift with the West):<\/span><\/b> \u6307\u660e\u4e86\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u4ea7\u751f\u88c2\u75d5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f<\/span>\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span> (one of the
    \n major problems of our Contemporary world)<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u6db5\u76d6\u4eba\u7269\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u6d41\u6d3e<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\tCreel \u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8bf8\u4f4d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684<\/span>\u4e2a\u6027\u3001\u667a\u6167\u548c\u6559\u4e49<\/span> (personality, intellect and teachings)<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u5904\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u666f<\/span> (economic, social and political back-ground)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u672c\u4e66\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4e3b\u9898\u5341\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n\t\t\u5b54\u5b50<\/span> (Confucius):<\/span><\/b> \u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span> (Struggle for Human Happiness)<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece<\/span>\u5b54\u5b50<\/span><\/b> (Confucius)<\/span><\/b> \u53ca\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u65e9\u671f\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u4eba\u7269<\/span> (Early Thought and Figures):<\/span><\/b> \u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b54\u5b50\u4e4b\u524d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\u58a8\u5b50<\/span> (Mo Tz\u00fc)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9<\/span>\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u63a2\u6c42<\/span> (Quest for Peace and Order)<\/span><\/b>\uff0c<\/span>\u5b5f\u5b50<\/span> (Mencius)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9<\/span>\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span> (Emphasis on Human Nature)<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u4e3b\u8981\u54f2\u5b66\u6d41\u6d3e<\/span> (Major Philosophical Schools):<\/span><\/b> \u6db5\u76d6\u4e86<\/span>\u9053\u5bb6<\/span> (the Taoists)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u795e\u79d8\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Mystical Skepticism)<\/span><\/b>\uff0c<\/span>\u8340\u5b50<\/span> (Hs\u00fcn Tzu)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Authoritarianism)<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u6cd5\u5bb6<\/span> (the
      \n Legalists)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (Totalitarianism)<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
    • \n\t\t\u540e\u671f\u53d1\u5c55<\/span> (Later Developments):<\/span><\/b> \u5206\u6790\u4e86<\/span>\u6c49\u4ee3\u6298\u8877\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span> (Eclectics of Han)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c<\/span>\u4f5b\u6559<\/span> (Buddhism)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span> (Neo-Confucianism)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c<\/span>\u53cd\u5bf9\u65b0\u5112\u5b66<\/span> (Reaction against
      \n Neo-Confucianism)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u7684\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span> (Influence of the West)<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n\t\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u4e66<\/span>\u5bf9\u516c\u5143\u524d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7bc7\u5e45<\/span> (A disproportionately large amount of space has been given to the
      \nhistory of Chinese thought before the beginning of the Christian Era)<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u60f3<\/span>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u672c\u571f\u7684<\/span> (essentially indigenous)<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u800c\u665a\u8fd1\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5219\u53d7\u5230\u4e86<\/span>\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c<\/span> (outside world)<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u751a\u81f3\u5728<\/span>\u5f53\u4ee3\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528<\/span> (have continued to play a dominant role, even in our own day)<\/span><\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/span><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u597d\u8bc4\u3002\u300a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u661f\u671f\u8bba\u575b\u62a5\u300b\u8d5e\u626c\u5176\u4e3a\u201c<\/span>\u4ece\u6700\u65e9\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u8bb0\u8ff0<\/span><\/b> (An excellent account of the history of Chinese philosophy from earliest
      \ntimes to the present)<\/span><\/b>\u201d\u3002\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u7eaa\u300b\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0cCreel \u6559\u6388\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8<\/span>\u5185\u5bb9\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e14\u5bcc\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/b> (richly suggestive volume)<\/span><\/b> \u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u4e86\u89e3<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u9057\u4ea7<\/span><\/b> (reflective heritage of a people)<\/span><\/b> \u7684\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

      \n\t